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Questions and Answers
What type of attack aims at degrading or denying services in all-optical networks?
What type of attack aims at degrading or denying services in all-optical networks?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to perform service disruption attacks?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to perform service disruption attacks?
What is a feature of the unified transport network (UTN)?
What is a feature of the unified transport network (UTN)?
What describes the ability of a system to withstand external perturbations?
What describes the ability of a system to withstand external perturbations?
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Which component enables full-service access in All-Optical Networks?
Which component enables full-service access in All-Optical Networks?
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What type of attack involves an attacker covertly listening in on traffic?
What type of attack involves an attacker covertly listening in on traffic?
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Which of the following is used to detect attack signals through power variations?
Which of the following is used to detect attack signals through power variations?
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Which method is used by Software-defined networking (SDN) to control network resources?
Which method is used by Software-defined networking (SDN) to control network resources?
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Which attack type involves both eavesdropping and traffic analysis?
Which attack type involves both eavesdropping and traffic analysis?
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What is the possible consequence of a Service Denial attack?
What is the possible consequence of a Service Denial attack?
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What is the goal of clearly defining evaluation goals?
What is the goal of clearly defining evaluation goals?
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Which interface is part of the OS layer providing services for applications?
Which interface is part of the OS layer providing services for applications?
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Which feature of the IP integrated transport network supports network slicing?
Which feature of the IP integrated transport network supports network slicing?
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Which attack type involves acquiring privileges by pretending to be a trusted entity?
Which attack type involves acquiring privileges by pretending to be a trusted entity?
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What is a common method for analyzing pilot tones in optical monitoring?
What is a common method for analyzing pilot tones in optical monitoring?
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What does Data Delay in network attacks mean?
What does Data Delay in network attacks mean?
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What is the primary purpose of robustness metrics in a target system?
What is the primary purpose of robustness metrics in a target system?
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Which of the following describes the concept of Error Timing?
Which of the following describes the concept of Error Timing?
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What differentiates Error Location from Error Type?
What differentiates Error Location from Error Type?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration in workload selection?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration in workload selection?
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What role do Intrusion Response Systems (IRS) play in network security?
What role do Intrusion Response Systems (IRS) play in network security?
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What limitation do traditional firewalls have regarding internal threats?
What limitation do traditional firewalls have regarding internal threats?
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Which of the following can NOT be classified under common solutions to intrusions?
Which of the following can NOT be classified under common solutions to intrusions?
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Which aspect is typically NOT evaluated when assessing the robustness of a system?
Which aspect is typically NOT evaluated when assessing the robustness of a system?
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Study Notes
All-Optical Networks (AON)
- Also known as fiber to the x (FTTx), referring to fiber to the site, building, or home
- Foundation based on full-service areas and unified optical cable networks, coordinating 2B, 2C, and 2H services
- Unified Transport Network (UTN) features high bandwidth, low latency, and multiple services (Data Center Interconnect (DCI), IP links, mobile network fronthaul, etc.)
- IP integrated transport network with Flex-E and IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) for network slicing, IP RAN private lines, broadband transport, and mobile backhaul
- Passive Optical Network (PON) enables full-service access, used for PON VPN, Internet private lines, regional networking, and smart homes (widely used in video surveillance, industrial control, public areas, buildings)
- Software-defined networking (SDN) supports intelligent, on-demand bandwidth, cloud, value-added applications, and after-sales services, leveraging operator network control
Network Attacks
- Traffic Analysis Attack: attacker can determine plaintext length by analyzing ciphertext length, eavesdropping or tapping fibers
- Data Delay: attacker intercepts user data for later use
- Spoofing: attempting to acquire privileges, capabilities, trust, and anonymity by pretending to be a more trusted entity; attacks includes masquerading and Trojan horse attacks
- Service Denial: Deprives a user or organization of their expected services, and can destroy programs and files (DoS attack)
- Quality of Service (QoS) Degradation: attacker overpowers legitimate signals to restrict service
- Fiber Attacks: Fiber ideally propagates information at different wavelengths with only frequency-dependent delay and attenuation
- Optical Amplifier Attacks: Critical components for AONs
- Tapping Attacks: includes eavesdropping and traffic analysis attacks
- Cross-Talk Attack: happens at a wavelength switch and only affects connections on the same wavelength
- Monitoring Methods include Power Detection and Optical Spectral Analyzers (OSAs).
- Bit Error Rate Testers (BERTs) compare received patterns with sent patterns
- Pilot Tones signal travel on the same links and nodes as communication payloads; distinguishable from the payload
- Optical time domain reflectometries (OTDRs) analyze a pilot tone's echo to analyze communication signals
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Description
Explore the principles and components of All-Optical Networks (AON), commonly referred to as fiber to the x (FTTx). This quiz covers topics such as unified transport networks, passive optical networks, and the role of software-defined networking in modern connectivity solutions.
