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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula for alkenes?
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the suffix used to name alkenes?
What is the suffix used to name alkenes?
-ene
What is a characteristic of alkynes due to the high electronegativity of the triple bond?
What is a characteristic of alkynes due to the high electronegativity of the triple bond?
Acidity
What type of reactions do alkynes undergo, similar to alkenes?
What type of reactions do alkynes undergo, similar to alkenes?
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What is the general formula for alkynes?
What is the general formula for alkynes?
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What is the functional group present in alcohols?
What is the functional group present in alcohols?
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What type of bonding is exhibited by alcohols due to the hydroxyl group?
What type of bonding is exhibited by alcohols due to the hydroxyl group?
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What is the suffix used to name alcohols?
What is the suffix used to name alcohols?
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Study Notes
Alkenes
- Definition: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
- General formula: CnH2n (n = number of carbon atoms)
- Nomenclature: Alkenes are named using the suffix "-ene" and the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms.
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Properties:
- Low boiling points and melting points
- Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
- Can exhibit geometric isomerism (cis-trans isomerism)
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Reactions:
- Electrophilic addition reactions (e.g., hydrogenation, halogenation)
- Polymerization reactions
Alkynes
- Definition: Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
- General formula: CnH2n-2 (n = number of carbon atoms)
- Nomenclature: Alkynes are named using the suffix "-yne" and the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms.
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Properties:
- Higher boiling points and melting points compared to alkenes
- Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
- Can exhibit acidity due to the high electronegativity of the triple bond
-
Reactions:
- Electrophilic addition reactions (e.g., hydrogenation, halogenation)
- Nucleophilic addition reactions (e.g., with water, ammonia)
Alcohols
- Definition: Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
- General formula: R-OH (R = alkyl or aryl group)
- Nomenclature: Alcohols are named using the suffix "-ol" and the prefix indicating the parent hydrocarbon.
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Properties:
- Polarity due to the hydroxyl group
- Can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group
- Can exhibit hydrogen bonding
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Reactions:
- Oxidation reactions (e.g., to form aldehydes or ketones)
- Reduction reactions (e.g., to form alkanes)
- Substitution reactions (e.g., with halogens)
Hydrocarbons
Alkenes
- Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
- General formula: CnH2n (n = number of carbon atoms).
- Named using the suffix "-ene" and the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms.
- Low boiling points and melting points.
- Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.
- Exhibit geometric isomerism (cis-trans isomerism).
- Undergo electrophilic addition reactions (e.g., hydrogenation, halogenation).
- Undergo polymerization reactions.
Alkynes
- Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
- General formula: CnH2n-2 (n = number of carbon atoms).
- Named using the suffix "-yne" and the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms.
- Higher boiling points and melting points compared to alkenes.
- Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.
- Exhibit acidity due to the high electronegativity of the triple bond.
- Undergo electrophilic addition reactions (e.g., hydrogenation, halogenation).
- Undergo nucleophilic addition reactions (e.g., with water, ammonia).
Alcohols
- Alcohols are organic compounds containing a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
- General formula: R-OH (R = alkyl or aryl group).
- Named using the suffix "-ol" and the prefix indicating the parent hydrocarbon.
- Exhibit polarity due to the hydroxyl group.
- Classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group.
- Exhibit hydrogen bonding.
- Undergo oxidation reactions (e.g., to form aldehydes or ketones).
- Undergo reduction reactions (e.g., to form alkanes).
- Undergo substitution reactions (e.g., with halogens).
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Description
Test your knowledge of alkenes, unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds, including their properties and reactions.