Carboxylic acids

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Why do small carboxylic acids exist in the liquid phase?

They have a high molecular weight

They form strong hydrogen bonds (correct)

They form weak hydrogen bonds

They are non-polar

What is the difference between the number of hydrogen bonds formed by carboxylic acids and alcohols?

Carboxylic acids form twice as many hydrogen bonds (correct)

Carboxylic acids form half as many hydrogen bonds

Carboxylic acids form the same number of hydrogen bonds

Carboxylic acids form three times as many hydrogen bonds

What is the result of the dissociation of a carboxylic acid?

A hydroxide anion

A proton donor

A carboxylate cation

A carboxylate anion (correct)

What is a characteristic of a weak acid?

Low Ka value Signup and view all the answers

What is the common property of carboxylic acids and alcohols?

They both form hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of typical reactions of carboxylic acids?

Nucleophilic acyl substitution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why carboxylic acids undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?

The presence of the δ+ charge on the carbonyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and a Grignard reagent?

A carboxylic acid derivative Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrolysis of carboxylic acid derivatives?

Formation of the original carboxylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol via Fischer esterification?

An ester Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions is an example of nucleophilic acyl substitution?

Fischer esterification Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine?

Formation of an amide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Tollens' test in the oxidation of aldehydes?

To form a silver mirror Signup and view all the answers

What is a method for forming carboxylic acids?

Carboxylation of Grignard reagents Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the carbonyl group in carboxylic acids that makes them undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?

Its δ+ charge Signup and view all the answers

Why do carboxylic acids form dimers through hydrogen bonding?

Because of their ability to form liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the inverse correlation between acid strength and boiling point?

The electron-withdrawing R group takes electron density away from the hydrogen bonds, weakening them and making it easier for the acid to boil Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the acid strength as the electronegativity of the X atom increases in compounds XCH2CO2H?

It increases due to the increasing electronegativity of the X atom Signup and view all the answers

Why are carboxylic acids acidic at all?

Because they are capable of forming resonance-stabilized conjugate bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an electron-withdrawing R group on the O-H bond of the acid molecule?

It weakens the O-H bond, making it easier for the proton to dissociate Signup and view all the answers