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Questions and Answers
What types of bonds do alkanes contain?
C-C and C-H sigma bonds
Alkanes are highly polar substances.
False
What are the simplest and least reactive hydrocarbons?
How do alkanes behave at room temperature?
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The first four members of alkanes (C1 to C4) are _____ at room temperature.
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The next thirteen members of alkanes (C5 to C17) are _____ at room temperature.
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What is the general result when alkanes undergo combustion?
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Study Notes
Alkanes
- The simplest hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- Characterized by singly bonded carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
- Lack unsaturation.
- Release a large amount of energy during oxidation (combustion).
- Their physical and chemical properties vary depending on whether they are straight-chain or branched.
Physical Properties of Alkanes
- Exist as gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature.
- Contain only C-C and C-H sigma bonds, which are nonpolar due to the small difference in electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen.
- Exhibit weak van der Waals forces as intermolecular forces.
- The first four members (C1 to C4) are gases.
- The next thirteen members (C5 to C17) are liquids.
- The higher members are waxy solids.
- Solid alkanes are typically soft with low melting points.
- Strong repulsive forces between electrons on neighboring atoms counterbalance weak van der Waals forces of attraction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on alkanes, the simplest hydrocarbons composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. Dive into their structural characteristics, physical properties, and variations between straight-chain and branched forms. Perfect for chemistry enthusiasts and students alike!
