56 Questions
What is the general molecular formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
Which type of hydrocarbon contains at least one carbon–carbon triple bond?
Alkynes
What is the name of the alkyl group derived from CH4?
Methyl
What is the name used to identify aromatic hydrocarbons?
Arenes
If a secondary carbon atom of propane loses a hydrogen atom, what alkyl group is formed?
Isopropyl
How are the structures of normal alkanes often drawn?
With the carbon chain in a horizontal line
According to IUPAC rules, what is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms called?
Parent
In alkenes, what type of bond is present?
Double bond
When carbon is directly bonded to four atoms, what hybridization occurs?
sp3 hybridization
What is the name of an alkane that has 'lost' one hydrogen atom?
Alkyl
From which alkane are isopropyl and normal propyl groups derived?
Propane
What name is given to the alkyl group derived from C2H6?
Ethyl
What is the molecular formula of both normal and branched alkanes?
CnH2n+2
Which alkane has three carbon atoms in the main chain and two methyl groups bonded to the central carbon?
Neopentane
Which type of isomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of their atoms?
Structural isomers
What is the classification of a carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms?
Secondary
In naming alkanes, when two substituents are located on the same carbon atom, what is the rule for assigning numbers to these substituents?
Assign them the same number.
What is the correct name for an alkane with a methyl group at C-2 and an ethyl group at C-4 in a hexane parent chain?
4-ethyl-2-methylhexane
How should alkyl groups and halogen atoms be listed in a compound's name according to the IUPAC nomenclature rules?
In alphabetical order.
What is the correct name for a compound with methyl groups at C-2, C-4, and C-6 in an octane parent chain?
2,6,4-trimethyloctane
When naming a compound with two or more groups of the same type, what prefixes are used to indicate this?
Di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.
What principle governs the numbering of carbon atoms in a parent chain when assigning substituents?
Number from the end that is closest to the branch.
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes compared to acyclic alkanes?
$C_nH_{2n}$
What physical property leads to the rise in boiling points and melting points of alkanes as the number of carbons increases?
Increasing hydrogen bonding
Which category do the first four n-alkanes belong to in terms of physical state?
Gases
In which type of solvents are alkanes soluble?
Non-polar solvents like benzene
Which alkane has the highest boiling point among methane, ethane, and propane?
Propane
What is the state of alkanes containing 18 carbons or more at room temperature?
Solids
Alkanes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
False
Arenes are another name for aliphatic hydrocarbons.
False
Only alkenes have carbon-carbon triple bonds.
False
Normal alkanes have a continuous chain of carbon atoms with no branches.
True
Benzene is the most important alkane in organic chemistry.
False
Alkanes have the general molecular formula CnH2n.
False
Isopentane and neopentane are isomers of hexane.
False
Octane has only one tertiary carbon atom.
True
A carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms is classified as primary.
False
Normal and branched alkanes have the same general molecular formula.
True
Neopentane has two methyl groups bonded to the central carbon.
False
A secondary alkyl group known as the isopropyl group is derived from propane.
True
Two alkyl groups are derived from butane and one from isobutane.
False
In IUPAC nomenclature, every chemical compound has a unique name.
True
According to the IUPAC nomenclature rules, the parent name of CH4 is methylene.
False
An alkane that has lost one hydrogen atom is called an alkene group.
False
If two possible parent chains in naming alkanes have the same number of carbon atoms, the parent is the one with fewer branch points.
False
The prefix 'di-' alters the alphabetical ordering of alkyl groups when naming compounds.
False
In alkanes, when two substituents are located on the same carbon atom, each must be assigned a different number.
False
Alkanes containing 18 carbons or more are typically in a gaseous state at room temperature.
False
The general molecular formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.
True
The rule for numbering carbons in a parent chain when assigning substituents is governed by the principle of alternating higher and lower numbers.
False
Alkanes containing 18 carbons or more are all gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
False
Methane has a higher boiling point than propane.
False
Alkanes are soluble in highly polar solvents like water.
False
Cycloalkanes have the general formula CnH(2n+2), similar to acyclic alkanes.
False
Propane is the alkane with the lowest boiling point among methane, ethane, and propane.
True
The boiling points and melting points of alkanes decrease as the number of carbons increases.
False
Explore the properties and structure of alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons belonging to the aliphatic class of hydrocarbons. Learn about the different families of hydrocarbons and their characteristics.
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