Questions and Answers
Which of the following are classified as alkali metals?
Which group of elements is referred to as alkaline earth metals?
What are anions?
Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons and have a negative charge.
What does the atomic number represent?
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How is average atomic mass calculated?
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What are cations?
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Which of the following elements are classified as halogens?
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What are inner transition metals?
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What defines an isotope?
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What is the mass number?
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Who was Mendeleev?
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What are noble gases?
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What are periodic trends in groups?
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What are the periodic trends in reactivity?
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What defines metalloids?
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What are properties of metals?
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What are properties of nonmetals?
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How does the size of anions change?
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How does the size of cations change?
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What are transition metals?
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Study Notes
Alkali Metals
- Found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
- Includes Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr).
Alkaline Earth Metals
- Consist of Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), and Radium (Ra).
- All have their outermost electron in an s-orbital, located in the s-block of the periodic table.
Anion
- Atoms or groups of atoms that gain electrons, resulting in a negative charge.
- Commonly formed by Group 17 elements (halogens): Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), which typically form -1 charged anions.
Atomic Number
- Represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, symbolized by Z.
- Identical to the charge number of the nucleus.
Average Atomic Mass
- Calculated considering all isotopes of an element and their relative abundances.
- Example: 69.09% of copper is 62.93 amu, and 30.91% is 64.94 amu.
Cation
- Positively charged ion or group of ions with more protons than electrons.
- Cations move toward the negative electrode (cathode) during electrolysis.
Halogens
- Group 17 elements of the periodic table: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At).
- Toxic, non-metallic, and found left of noble gases on the periodic table.
Inner Transition Metals
- Located in two rows below the main body of the periodic table.
- Comprises Lanthanides (elements 57-71) and Actinides (elements 89-103); lanthanides are similar, while actinides are all radioactive.
Isotope
- Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons.
- Identified by the same atomic number but varying mass numbers.
Mass Number
- Total count of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, denoted by A.
- Represents the baryon number of both the nucleus and the whole atom or ion.
Mendeleev
- Russian chemist known for creating the Periodic Table to illustrate relationships among chemical elements.
Noble Gases
- Group 18 elements, known for their lack of reactivity due to a full valence shell.
Periodic Trends in Groups
- Number of energy levels increases down a group, reflecting an increase in the number of electrons.
Periodic Trends in Periods
- Trends in properties across periods often explained by modern quantum mechanics, particularly observable in the d-block.
Periodic Trends in Reactivity
- Reactivity decreases from left to right across a period, with noble gases being non-reactive.
Properties of Metalloids
- Elements that exhibit mixed properties of metals and non-metals.
Properties of Metals
- Characterized by conductivity, malleability, ductility, and metallic luster.
Properties of Nonmetals
- Comprise 17 elements, mainly gases; differ significantly from metals in physical and chemical properties.
Size of Anions
- Neutral atoms generally increase in size down a group while anions are larger than their parent atoms due to electron gain.
Size of Cations
- Cations are smaller than their neutral atoms because of electron loss, typically observed as you move across periods.
Transition Metals
- Serve as a bridge or transition group between the left and right sides of the periodic table, known for their metallic properties.
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Description
Test your knowledge on alkali and alkaline earth metals with this quiz. Cover basic definitions, characteristics, and examples from the periodic table. Perfect for chemistry students!