Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are classified as alkali metals?

Potassium (K) (correct)

Lithium (Li) (correct)

Sodium (Na) (correct)

Beryllium (Be)

Which group of elements is referred to as alkaline earth metals?

Beryllium (Be) (correct)

Fluorine (F)

Lithium (Li)

Calcium (Ca) (correct)

What are anions?

Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons and have a negative charge.

What does the atomic number represent?

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

How is average atomic mass calculated?

Average atomic mass is calculated by taking into account all isotopes of an element and the percentage of each type. Signup and view all the answers

What are cations?

Cations are ions or groups of ions with a positive charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements are classified as halogens?

Fluorine (F) Signup and view all the answers

What are inner transition metals?

Inner transition metals are elements in the two rows below the main body of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an isotope?

An isotope is an atom of a given element that has a different number of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number?

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mendeleev?

Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who devised the Periodic Table. Signup and view all the answers

What are noble gases?

Noble gases are the seven chemical elements that make up Group 18 of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What are periodic trends in groups?

Periodic trends in groups refer to the increase in the number of energy levels as you move down a group. Signup and view all the answers

What are the periodic trends in reactivity?

Reactivity tends to decrease from left to right across a period and noble gases are non-reactive. Signup and view all the answers

What defines metalloids?

Metalloids are chemical elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What are properties of metals?

Properties of metals include conductivity, malleability, and ductility. Signup and view all the answers

What are properties of nonmetals?

Most nonmetals are gases and have diverse properties such as poor conductivity. Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of anions change?

The size of anions increases when neutral atoms gain electrons. Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of cations change?

Cations are smaller than their respective neutral atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What are transition metals?

Transition metals are metallic elements that bridge the two sides of the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alkali Metals

Found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Includes Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr).

Alkaline Earth Metals

Consist of Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), and Radium (Ra).
All have their outermost electron in an s-orbital, located in the s-block of the periodic table.

Anion

Atoms or groups of atoms that gain electrons, resulting in a negative charge.
Commonly formed by Group 17 elements (halogens): Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), which typically form -1 charged anions.

Atomic Number

Represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, symbolized by Z.
Identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

Average Atomic Mass

Calculated considering all isotopes of an element and their relative abundances.
Example: 69.09% of copper is 62.93 amu, and 30.91% is 64.94 amu.

Cation

Positively charged ion or group of ions with more protons than electrons.
Cations move toward the negative electrode (cathode) during electrolysis.

Halogens

Group 17 elements of the periodic table: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At).
Toxic, non-metallic, and found left of noble gases on the periodic table.

Inner Transition Metals

Located in two rows below the main body of the periodic table.
Comprises Lanthanides (elements 57-71) and Actinides (elements 89-103); lanthanides are similar, while actinides are all radioactive.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons.
Identified by the same atomic number but varying mass numbers.

Mass Number

Total count of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus, denoted by A.
Represents the baryon number of both the nucleus and the whole atom or ion.

Mendeleev

Russian chemist known for creating the Periodic Table to illustrate relationships among chemical elements.

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements, known for their lack of reactivity due to a full valence shell.

Periodic Trends in Groups

Number of energy levels increases down a group, reflecting an increase in the number of electrons.

Periodic Trends in Periods

Trends in properties across periods often explained by modern quantum mechanics, particularly observable in the d-block.

Periodic Trends in Reactivity

Reactivity decreases from left to right across a period, with noble gases being non-reactive.

Properties of Metalloids

Elements that exhibit mixed properties of metals and non-metals.

Properties of Metals

Characterized by conductivity, malleability, ductility, and metallic luster.

Properties of Nonmetals

Comprise 17 elements, mainly gases; differ significantly from metals in physical and chemical properties.

Size of Anions

Neutral atoms generally increase in size down a group while anions are larger than their parent atoms due to electron gain.

Size of Cations

Cations are smaller than their neutral atoms because of electron loss, typically observed as you move across periods.

Transition Metals

Serve as a bridge or transition group between the left and right sides of the periodic table, known for their metallic properties.

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Description

Test your knowledge on alkali and alkaline earth metals with this quiz. Cover basic definitions, characteristics, and examples from the periodic table. Perfect for chemistry students!