Aliphatic Amino Acids Classification

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What is the role of non-essential amino acids in the human body?

They can be synthesized by the body to meet biological needs (correct)
They are not digestible and hence not absorbed by the body
They are always absent in a healthy diet
They are only required for growth and development in children

How do hydrophilic amino acids interact with water?

They repel water due to their non-polar nature
They have no charge and do not interact with water
They have partial positive and negative charges, attracting water (correct)
They are broken down into smaller molecules in the presence of water

What is the characteristic of hydrophobic amino acids?

They are polar and attracted to water
They have partial charges and interact with water
They are only found in plant-based proteins
They are nonpolar and repel water (correct)

What happens to some amino acids after protein synthesis?

They are modified into derived amino acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids can the human body synthesize?

10 amino acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of amino acids based on their R-groups?

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of the ninhydrin test, which is responsible for the blue color?

A reduced ninhydrin compound (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids undergoes alpha decarboxylation to form an amine, which is a component of neurotransmitters?

Glutamic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the amide group of glutamine in nucleic acid synthesis?

It serves as a source of nitrogen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions is responsible for the formation of NH3 in the ninhydrin test?

Oxidative decarboxylation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the side-chain groups in proteins?

They are free to ionize (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of protein structure?

Tyramine (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids contains a phenyl ring?

Phenylalanine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of amino acids includes Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid?

Aliphatic acidic amino acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Cystine among the aliphatic neutral amino acids?

It is composed of two cysteine residues linked by a disulphide bond (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is both aromatic and basic?

Histidine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when comparing two sequences?

To align the two sequences to maximize the number of identical residues while minimizing the number of sequence insertions or deletions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a single amino acid change in the linear sequence of a protein?

It has a profound biological effect on the function (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is classified as an imino acid?

Proline (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is not an essential amino acid?

Glycine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the primary structure of insulin?

It has two polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between pig insulin and human insulin?

The C-terminal amino acid in the B chain (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does de-alaninated pig insulin not produce antibodies in diabetic patients?

Because it has a similar primary structure to human insulin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sickle cell Hb on RBCs?

They assume a sickled form (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrolytic decomposition of proteins?

Proteoses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of denaturating agents on proteins?

Irreversible denaturation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of breaking cross links in proteins?

Rearrangement of secondary and tertiary structures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for proteins in their natural state?

Native proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of heat treatment on albumin?

Denaturation and coagulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of denaturation on protein structure?

Rearrangement of secondary and tertiary structures (A) Signup and view all the answers