Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of enzymes in digestion?
What is the primary function of enzymes in digestion?
Surplus amino acids can be stored for later use in the body.
Surplus amino acids can be stored for later use in the body.
False
What is the process called when nitrogen-containing parts of amino acids are converted into urea?
What is the process called when nitrogen-containing parts of amino acids are converted into urea?
Deamination
The primary sugar transported to cells for energy is _____
The primary sugar transported to cells for energy is _____
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following compounds is NOT a major product of digestion?
Which of the following compounds is NOT a major product of digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
Match each digestive disorder with its description:
Match each digestive disorder with its description:
Signup and view all the answers
Fat is the only form of energy storage in the body.
Fat is the only form of energy storage in the body.
Signup and view all the answers
What role do fatty acids play in the body?
What role do fatty acids play in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
Signup and view all the answers
The pancreas is responsible for breaking down only proteins and carbohydrates.
The pancreas is responsible for breaking down only proteins and carbohydrates.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process by which food is taken in through the mouth called?
What is the process by which food is taken in through the mouth called?
Signup and view all the answers
The _____ is responsible for converting surplus amino acids into glycogen and urea.
The _____ is responsible for converting surplus amino acids into glycogen and urea.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the digestive system organs with their respective functions:
Match the digestive system organs with their respective functions:
Signup and view all the answers
Peristalsis involves the movement of food and chyme through the digestive system.
Peristalsis involves the movement of food and chyme through the digestive system.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the elimination of waste material from the body?
What is the term for the elimination of waste material from the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the oesophagus?
What is the primary function of the oesophagus?
Signup and view all the answers
Saliva contains an enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates.
Saliva contains an enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates.
Signup and view all the answers
What acid is primarily found in gastric juice, and what is its pH range?
What acid is primarily found in gastric juice, and what is its pH range?
Signup and view all the answers
The paste-like material resulting from food processing in the stomach is called ______.
The paste-like material resulting from food processing in the stomach is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What role do goblet cells in the stomach play?
What role do goblet cells in the stomach play?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following parts of the digestive system with their primary function:
Match the following parts of the digestive system with their primary function:
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme in saliva specifically helps in the digestion of carbohydrates?
Which enzyme in saliva specifically helps in the digestion of carbohydrates?
Signup and view all the answers
The stomach is where most carbohydrate digestion occurs.
The stomach is where most carbohydrate digestion occurs.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Alimentary Canal Structure and Function
- The alimentary canal is a tube extending from the mouth to the anus, with various dilated, folded, and puckered sections.
- Different regions of the canal have specific functions and outcomes of their activity.
- Many glands are associated with the canal, playing a vital role in digestion.
Salivary Glands
- Three pairs of salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth.
- Saliva is a digestive juice containing salivary amylase, which begins carbohydrate digestion.
- Saliva also lubricates the mouth and aids in bolus formation.
Oesophagus
- The oesophagus, or gullet, transports the food bolus from the mouth to the stomach.
- It is primarily a transit region, with no enzyme secretion, although salivary amylase may continue its action.
- Peristalsis, muscular contractions, move the bolus down.
- An epiglottis covers the trachea opening to prevent aspiration during swallowing.
Stomach
- The stomach is the widest part of the alimentary canal, behind the ribcage, under the diaphragm.
- Food stays in the stomach up to three hours, with protein-containing meals remaining longer.
- Strong stomach walls churn the food, mixing with gastric juice.
- Gastric juice contains gastric protease and hydrochloric acid for protein digestion.
- Rennin, in babies, solidifies and digests milk protein.
- The stomach lining is protected from acid erosion by mucus produced by goblet cells.
Small Intestine (Duodenum and Ileum)
- The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, receiving secretions from the liver and pancreas.
- It is primarily involved in digestion.
- The duodenum wall contains glands producing enzymes to further digest carbohydrates and lipids.
- The ileum, the remainder of the small intestine, is involved in absorption of fully digested food.
- Features like its length, folded interior, and villi lining maximize absorption of nutrients.
- Capillaries absorb absorbed nutrients, while the lacteal absorbs fat digestion products.
Large Intestine (Colon and Rectum)
- The colon joins the small intestine to the rectum.
- Its function is to absorb water from the undigested food matter, reducing it to a semi-solid form (faeces).
- Its longitudinal muscle layer forms bands and bulges, aiding in this process.
- The rectum stores faeces until elimination.
- The anus, a sphincter, controls the elimination of faeces.
Liver and Pancreas
- The liver produces bile, which aids in the emulsification (breaking down) of fats.
- Bile is stored in the gall bladder and released into the duodenum when needed.
- Bile contains no enzymes but crucial bile salts for fat digestion.
- The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, containing enzymes to break down protein, carbohydrate, and fat into simpler molecules for easier absorption.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being altered.
- They are specific, meaning each enzyme works on a particular substrate (e.g., protease on proteins, amylase on starch).
Peristalsis
- Peristalsis are muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal.
Digestion, Absorption, Egestion
- Digestion is breaking down complex food molecules into simpler, absorbable molecules.
- Absorption is the uptake of these simpler molecules into the bloodstream.
- Egestion is the removal of undigested material from the body.
Major Products of Digestion and Roles
- Some of the products are nitrogenous (amino acids), important for building tissues, hormones, etc.
- Sugars (e.g., glucose) are released into the blood and used for energy; excess is stored as glycogen. (Liver)
- Glycerol and fatty acids are components of fats and are also used for energy.
Digestive System Disorders
- Ulcers: Localized inflammation in the stomach and duodenum lining.
- Hepatitis: Liver inflammation caused by viruses or chemicals.
- Coeliac disease: Autoimmune disease, triggered by gluten intolerance, leading to digestive issues and nutrient deficiencies.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the intricate structure and essential functions of the alimentary canal in this quiz. Dive into the roles of the salivary glands, oesophagus, and stomach to understand how digestion begins and progresses through the human body.
