Algorithms and Data Structures

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Which of the following characteristics distinguishes C++ from its predecessor, C?

C++ has a more extensive standard library than C.
C++ requires a different compilation process compared to C.
C++ offers improved memory management capabilities compared to C.
C++ inherently supports object-oriented programming principles, unlike C. (correct)

What is a key disadvantage of C++ related to its compatibility with C?

It limits the ability of C++ to be used in cross-platform development.
It contributes to the language's complexity and divergence from object-oriented principles. (correct)
It makes C++ harder to learn for programmers familiar with C.
It results in slower execution times for C++ programs.

Which of the pseudocode notations represents assigning the value of 'y' to 'x'?

x ← copy y
x ← y (correct)
x == y
x = y

What is the significance of the pseudocode notation 'NIL'?

It denotes a unique reference to a non-existent object. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When should the pseudocode notation `x ← copy y` be used instead of `x ← y`?

When you want <code>x</code> to hold an independent copy of the object referenced by <code>y</code>. (B) Signup and view all the answers

An algorithm is considered complete if it meets which of the following criteria?

It provides all necessary information for execution. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary reason for analyzing the efficiency of an algorithm?

To optimize its performance and resource utilization. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to measure the efficiency of an algorithm?

Small Alpha notation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Considering time complexity, under what circumstance does Insertion Sort outperform Merge Sort?

When the size of the dataset is small. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'auxiliary space complexity' of an algorithm?

The extra memory space used by the algorithm, excluding the input. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Merge Sort's efficiency is characterized by which algorithmic paradigm?

Divide and Conquer (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute is NOT a component of a well-defined algorithm?

Use of specific data structures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a problem to be classified as NP-Complete?

No efficient solution is known, and it is likely that no such solution exists. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing algorithms, which of the following best describes what an algorithm is?

A finite set of instructions for solving a specific problem. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the `n div m` notation?

Calculate the integer division of n by m, discarding the remainder. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the given constructs, which statement is used for executing a block of code repeatedly until a condition becomes true?

<code>repeat-until</code> statement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the `Error` statement in the context of the provided algorithmic notations?

To signal an issue during the execution of the algorithm, halting its process. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Given the `INSERTION-SORT` algorithm, what is the purpose of the `while` loop?

To shift elements of <code>A</code> that are greater than <code>key</code> to the right. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Consider the provided `power(x, y)` algorithm. What will be the returned value if `y` is 0?

1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of `x and then y` in the context of logical operations?

It evaluates <code>x</code>, and if <code>x</code> is false, it does not evaluate <code>y</code> to prevent errors or increase efficiency. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the `ARRAY-SUM(A)` algorithm, what does `for all i ∈ A do` signify?

A loop that iterates through each element <code>i</code> in the array <code>A</code>. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is C++?

A general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that is an extension of C.

Who developed C++?

Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.