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Questions and Answers
What is the output of the loop that prints the contents of MY_ARRAY after inputting the numbers 42, 16, 8, 99, and 31?
What is the output of the loop that prints the contents of MY_ARRAY after inputting the numbers 42, 16, 8, 99, and 31?
- 8, 16, 42, 31, 99
- 99, 31, 42, 16, 8
- 31, 99, 8, 16, 42
- 42, 16, 8, 99, 31 (correct)
In the inefficient sequential search algorithm, what is the purpose of the variable FOUND?
In the inefficient sequential search algorithm, what is the purpose of the variable FOUND?
- To store the index of the key if found.
- To track whether the search is complete.
- To count the number of elements checked in the array.
- To indicate if the key was found during the search. (correct)
What happens if the key (KEY = 8) is not found in the array A during the search?
What happens if the key (KEY = 8) is not found in the array A during the search?
- It outputs the last value of the array.
- It outputs '8 was not found.' (correct)
- It outputs the message 'The search was unsuccessful.'
- It repeats the search for another key.
In the more efficient sequential search, what is the specific loop structure used to iterate through the array?
In the more efficient sequential search, what is the specific loop structure used to iterate through the array?
Which of the following would you expect to see printed for the output statement in the inefficient search as it checks each item?
Which of the following would you expect to see printed for the output statement in the inefficient search as it checks each item?
What will happen if the user inputs a value of 5 in the first example?
What will happen if the user inputs a value of 5 in the first example?
In the second example, what role does the variable X serve in the loop?
In the second example, what role does the variable X serve in the loop?
What is the expected output if the user inputs 6 for counting up?
What is the expected output if the user inputs 6 for counting up?
What does the loop do when counting down from a given positive integer?
What does the loop do when counting down from a given positive integer?
If the user enters a negative integer for counting up, what is likely to happen?
If the user enters a negative integer for counting up, what is likely to happen?
What is the purpose of the 'output' statement within the loops?
What is the purpose of the 'output' statement within the loops?
What happens to the variable NUM in the context of the second loop?
What happens to the variable NUM in the context of the second loop?
Which of the following best describes the flow of the counting loop from 0 to N?
Which of the following best describes the flow of the counting loop from 0 to N?
What is the primary purpose of an if-then-else statement?
What is the primary purpose of an if-then-else statement?
In the if-then-else structure, what is the role of the 'else' block?
In the if-then-else structure, what is the role of the 'else' block?
Which of the following correctly reflects the use of 'else if' in an if-then-else if structure?
Which of the following correctly reflects the use of 'else if' in an if-then-else if structure?
What would be the output of the following code if the input is 0?
if (X > 0) then
output 'This number is positive.'
else if (X = 0) then
output 'This number is 0.'
else
output 'This number is negative.'
What would be the output of the following code if the input is 0?
if (X > 0) then output 'This number is positive.' else if (X = 0) then output 'This number is 0.' else output 'This number is negative.'
In a while loop, what condition controls the looping process?
In a while loop, what condition controls the looping process?
Which of the following correctly describes the syntax of an if-then-else statement?
Which of the following correctly describes the syntax of an if-then-else statement?
What would happen if there were no else if or else blocks in an if-then structure?
What would happen if there were no else if or else blocks in an if-then structure?
What behavior does the command 'loop COUNT from 0 to 5' exhibit?
What behavior does the command 'loop COUNT from 0 to 5' exhibit?
What will be the output when the input number is 4 in the factorial calculation?
What will be the output when the input number is 4 in the factorial calculation?
In the loop 'loop while (N >= 0)', how many times will 'output N' execute if N is initially 3?
In the loop 'loop while (N >= 0)', how many times will 'output N' execute if N is initially 3?
What will be the value of FACTORIAL after the following code if the input N is 5?
What will be the value of FACTORIAL after the following code if the input N is 5?
What is the initial state of the array MY_ARRAY after executing 'MY_ARRAY = new Array(5)'?
What is the initial state of the array MY_ARRAY after executing 'MY_ARRAY = new Array(5)'?
How does the loop 'loop X from 1 to 2' affect the value of NUM initialized to 3?
How does the loop 'loop X from 1 to 2' affect the value of NUM initialized to 3?
If a user inputs 0 in the factorial program, what will be the output?
If a user inputs 0 in the factorial program, what will be the output?
What value is assigned to the first element of the array MY_ARRAY after executing 'MY_ARRAY = [42, 16, 8, 99, 31]'?
What value is assigned to the first element of the array MY_ARRAY after executing 'MY_ARRAY = [42, 16, 8, 99, 31]'?
How many times does the loop terminate when N is initially set to 3 in 'loop while (N >= 0)'?
How many times does the loop terminate when N is initially set to 3 in 'loop while (N >= 0)'?
What would be the output of the code snippet if 'NUM = 3' at the start and the loop does not execute?
What would be the output of the code snippet if 'NUM = 3' at the start and the loop does not execute?
If the loop iterates while (N > 1), what are the possible values of N that will stop the loop?
If the loop iterates while (N > 1), what are the possible values of N that will stop the loop?
What is the output of the loop that runs from 1 to 5?
What is the output of the loop that runs from 1 to 5?
In the 'while' loop, how is X modified after each iteration?
In the 'while' loop, how is X modified after each iteration?
What does the variable NUM represent in the code snippet?
What does the variable NUM represent in the code snippet?
What is the difference between the 'loop from/to' and 'loop while' structures?
What is the difference between the 'loop from/to' and 'loop while' structures?
What will happen if the condition in 'loop while (X < 5)' is not satisfied?
What will happen if the condition in 'loop while (X < 5)' is not satisfied?
How is the output statement formatted in the 'loop from/to' example with user input?
How is the output statement formatted in the 'loop from/to' example with user input?
What is the initial value of X in the 'loop while' scenario?
What is the initial value of X in the 'loop while' scenario?
What would be the output when inputting the value 3 in the relevant section?
What would be the output when inputting the value 3 in the relevant section?
Flashcards
If-Then-Else
If-Then-Else
A conditional statement that allows you to execute different code blocks based on a Boolean condition. It has two possible branches: one for if the condition is true (consequent) and one for if the condition is false (alternative).
If-Then
If-Then
A conditional statement that executes a block of code only if the specified Boolean condition is true. It doesn't have an alternative path.
If-Then-Else If
If-Then-Else If
A conditional statement that extends the if-then-else structure. It allows for multiple conditions to be checked sequentially, executing the code block that corresponds to the first true condition.
From/To Loop
From/To Loop
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While Loop
While Loop
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Loop from/to
Loop from/to
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Loop Counter Variable
Loop Counter Variable
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Loop while
Loop while
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Output
Output
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Input
Input
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COUNT = COUNT + 1
COUNT = COUNT + 1
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X = 0
X = 0
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X < 5
X < 5
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Assignment statement (X = 0)
Assignment statement (X = 0)
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While Loop Syntax
While Loop Syntax
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From/To Loop Syntax
From/To Loop Syntax
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What is a While Loop?
What is a While Loop?
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What is a From/To Loop?
What is a From/To Loop?
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How does a While Loop work?
How does a While Loop work?
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How does a From/To Loop work?
How does a From/To Loop work?
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String
String
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Numeric Variable
Numeric Variable
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Statement
Statement
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Array
Array
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Variable
Variable
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Factorial
Factorial
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Loop
Loop
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Study Notes
IB Diploma Programme Computer Science 2014 Course
- This course covers problem-solving and algorithms in computer science.
- A four-phase process is used for solving problems: identification, development, selection, and implementation.
- Sometimes, returning to a previous phase may be needed to achieve the desired outcome.
Problem Solving: Identification
- To identify a problem, asking questions is key.
- For verbal problems, questions like "when," "why," and "where" help clarify the needed actions.
- For written instructions, using question marks, underlining, and highlighting help in identifying problem areas.
Problem Solving: Development
- Breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems (top-down design) helps with the development of solutions.
- A Gantt chart is a visual tool to manage tasks within a project, aiding in problem-solving. It shows the sequence of tasks and time estimates for each.
- Task breakdown improves management and identifies what tasks can be done concurrently.
Problem Solving: Selection
- Choose the most suitable solution amongst developed options.
- This phase might necessitate returning to the development phase for alternative solutions.
Problem Solving: Implementation
- This is the phase of putting the chosen solution into action.
- In computer science, implementation involves converting algorithms (using pseudocode or flowcharts) into a programming language.
Algorithms with Conditional Statements
- A conditional statement alters instruction paths based on a Boolean test (true or false).
- The
if-then-elsestructure is common. - The
if (Boolean condition)dictates which instructions,(Consequent)or(Alternative), get executed.
Exercise: if-then-else
- An algorithm example involves prompting the user for a number and determining if it's positive or negative.
Algorithms with Conditional Statements (if-then-else-if)
- Multiple conditions can be used; The pseudocode structure allows for multiple checks and a more complex response.
Exercise: if-then-else if
- An exercise where the program outputs if a number is positive, negative, or zero.
Algorithms With Iteration
- Repeating instructions is known as iteration.
for/toloops execute code a defined number of times, whilewhileloops repeat as a condition prevails.
Exercise: Loop from/to #1
- An algorithm to repeatedly display a message.
Exercise: loop while #1
- Using a
whileloop to repeatedly display a message.
Exercise: loop from/to #2
- An algorithm example prompting a number, followed by repeating the message the number of times the user inputted.
Exercise: loop while #2
- Similar to the previous exercise about repeating a message, but using a
whileloop.
Exercise: Counting Up
- This exercise uses a loop to count from zero up to a user-inputted number
Exercise: Counting Down
- The algorithm counts down from a user-inputted number to zero.
Exercise: Factorial
- The exercise computes the factorial of a user-inputted number.
- The algorithm determines the factorial by successively multiplying numbers and adjusting the counter.
Trace Tables
- Trace tables are tools employed to track the execution of an algorithm step-by-step, ensuring expected results or identifying errors.
Arrays
- An array is a structured set of related/similarly-typed data.
- Arrays have indexes that identify each element.
- A fixed size for the array must be given when creating the array.
Exercise: Outputting an Array
- Algorithm to output the contents of an array.
Exercise: Inputting to an Array
- Algorithm to take user input to populate an array.
Sequential Search
- In this process, each element of an array is examined in sequence to find a match with the search criteria.
Binary Search
- A search algorithm that works on sorted arrays. It repeatedly checks the middle element of the array and progressively eliminates half of the array with each step of the process.
Bubble Sort
- Bubble sort is a sorting algorithm that compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the incorrect order, moving the smaller values in ascending order to the front. Multiple passes are performed until the array is sorted.
Selection Sort
- Another sorting algorithm that continuously selects the smallest element from an unsorted part of the array and swaps it with the first element, effectively sorting the array incrementally.
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