Algorithmic Complexity and Big O Notation

The zummara is a double clarinet with parallel pipes joined together, each with a single reed, dating back to c. 2700 BCE in Egypt.

The surnai, dating from pre-13th century Mongolia, is a loud folk oboe with seven holes and a thumb hole, known for being light, portable and popular among nomadic people. It is played at celebrations such as weddings.

The flageolet, dating back to 16th century France, has single or double pipes and was often used to accompany dances in the 17th and 18th centuries.

The shawm, dating back to late 13th century Germany, is a medieval musical instrument made from a single piece of wood that came in several different sizes, and is developed from the modern oboe.

The bassoon, dating back to c.1800s Germany, consists of a double reed made from two pieces of cane tied together. It is considered to be the largest instrument of the woodwind family with the lowest pitch.

The panpipes are prehistoric South American instruments that are still played, having up to three rows of varying-length bamboo strips woven together. The music of the panpipes is known as sikuri.

Blues music grew from the folk music of enslaved Black people in the southern United States. Blues songs are very emotional, featuring sad themes with simple tunes typically based around three chords. In the 20th century, the genre influenced jazz, rock and R&B music.

Enslaved people expressed their suffering and hope for a better life through singing these songs, which combined African rhythms and harmonies with Christian songs.

These were used by enslaved people in the southern US to communicate in the fields and keep time when performing a task. They used the african call and response form, in which a lead singer sang a melody line and the rest responded with a different line.

Rattle drums, often prehistoric in North America, have dried seeds inside and are used by Indigenous peoples during various ceremonies.

A two-headed drum of 13th century European origin that is tapped with drumsticks and makes a crisp rat-a-tat-tat sound, often popular in military bands.

This goblet-shaped, single-headed drum of ancient Middle Eastern origin is played with the hands. This is used in various types of ceremonies and festivities, including weddings and engagement celebrations.

These single-headed drums, dating back to the 19th century Cuban, come in pairs, one larger than the other, and are commonly used in lively Latin American music such as salsa.

Different areas on this 1930s Trinidadian metal drum make different notes; unlike other drums, it can be used to play a tune.

Rock music is a wide-ranging genre of music which blossomed from blues music in the US. The music is known for its rebellious streak, and rock musicians combine the sound of electric guitars, pounding drums, and loud vocals to cause a stir.