Algorithm Efficiency and Time Complexity
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Questions and Answers

Two main measures for the efficiency of an algorithm are

  • Time and space (correct)
  • Complexity and capacity
  • Data and space
  • Processor and memory
  • Which of the following case does not exist in complexity theory

  • Null case (correct)
  • Average case
  • Best case
  • Worst case
  • The time factor when determining the efficiency of an algorithm is measured by

  • Counting the number of statements
  • Counting the number of key operations (correct)
  • Counting microseconds
  • Counting the kilobytes of algorithm
  • The Knapsack problem where the objective function is to minimize the profit is ______

    <p>Branch &amp; Bound 0/1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of the algorithm used in solving the 8 Queens problem?

    <p>Backtracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sorting is not possible by using which of the following methods?

    <p>Deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the correct answer for the following statements: I. The theory of NP–completeness provides a method of obtaining a polynomial time for NP algorithms. II. All NP-complete problem are NP-Hard.

    <p>I is FALSE and II is TRUE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The worst case time complexity of the nondeterministic dynamic knapsack algorithm is

    <p>O(n^2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The upper bound on the time complexity of the nondeterministic sorting algorithm is

    <p>O(n log n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dijkstra’s algorithm bears some similarity to

    <p>Prim’s algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Algorithm Efficiency

    • Two main measures for the efficiency of an algorithm are time and space complexity
    • Time complexity is measured by counting the number of key operations
    • Space complexity is measured by counting the maximum memory needed by the algorithm

    Complexity Theory

    • Cases that exist in complexity theory: best case, worst case, and average case
    • There is no null case in complexity theory

    Problem Solving Strategies

    • Dynamic programming is used to solve the 0/1 Knapsack problem
    • Backtracking is a strategy that stops execution when it finds a solution, otherwise starts the problem from the top
    • Divide and Conquer is a strategy used in algorithms like Merge Sort
    • Greedy algorithms are used to solve problems like the Knapsack problem and Huffman Coding

    Sorting Algorithms

    • Sorting is not possible using the deletion method
    • Insertion, Selection, and Exchange are all methods of sorting

    Graph Algorithms

    • Dijkstra's algorithm bears some similarity to BFS and Prim's algorithm
    • Breadth-First Search scans all incident nodes along with their children
    • BFS is often used to find the shortest path in unweighted graphs
    • DFS is often used to find the shortest path in weighted graphs

    Asymptotic Notation

    • Big O notation is used to measure the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity
    • Omega (Ω) notation is used to measure the lower bound of an algorithm's time complexity
    • Theta (Θ) notation is used to measure the tight bound of an algorithm's time complexity

    Algorithm Design Techniques

    • Dynamic programming is used to find all pairs of shortest distances in a graph
    • Divide and Conquer is used to solve problems like Merge Sort
    • Greedy algorithms are used to solve problems like Huffman Coding

    Tree Data Structures

    • A Binary Search Tree (BST) is a tree where each node has a value greater than every value in its left subtree and less than every value in its right subtree
    • A Heap is a complete binary tree where each node is at least as large as its children
    • A Binary Tree is a tree where each node has at most two children

    Huffman Coding

    • Huffman Coding is a method of encoding characters using variable-length codes
    • The optimal Huffman code is determined by the frequencies of the characters in the alphabet

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