Algeria Geography

Geography of Algeria

Location and Borders

• Located in North Africa, bordered by:
  • Tunisia to the northeast
  • Libya to the east
  • Niger to the southeast
  • Mali to the southwest
  • Mauritania to the west
  • Morocco to the west and northwest
• Mediterranean coastline to the north

Physical Features

• Sahara Desert covers approximately 80% of the country
• Atlas Mountains run along the northern border
• Tell Atlas and Saharan Atlas mountain ranges
• Plateaus and valleys, including the Sersouf Valley

Climate

• Arid to semi-arid climate in the south
• Mediterranean climate in the north
• Hot and dry summers, mild winters
• Limited rainfall, with most falling in the north

Natural Resources

• Oil and natural gas reserves
• Iron ore, phosphates, uranium, and zinc deposits
• Forests covering approximately 2% of the land area

Geography of Algeria

Location and Borders

• Algeria is situated in North Africa, sharing borders with six countries: Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, and Morocco.
• The country has a Mediterranean coastline to the north.

Physical Features

• The Sahara Desert occupies approximately 80% of Algeria's land area.
• The Atlas Mountains run along the northern border, comprising the Tell Atlas and Saharan Atlas mountain ranges.
• The country's terrain features plateaus and valleys, including the notable Sersouf Valley.

Climate

• The southern region of Algeria experiences an arid to semi-arid climate.
• The northern region has a Mediterranean climate.
• The country's climate is characterized by hot and dry summers, and mild winters.
• Rainfall is limited, with most of it falling in the northern region.

Natural Resources

• Algeria is rich in oil and natural gas reserves.
• The country has deposits of iron ore, phosphates, uranium, and zinc.
• Forests cover approximately 2% of Algeria's land area.

Geography and Climate

• Algeria is located in North Africa, bordered by six countries: Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, and Morocco.
• It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world by land area.
• The terrain is diverse, featuring coastal plains, the Saharan desert, and two mountain ranges: Tell Atlas and Saharan Atlas.
• The climate varies from Mediterranean in the north to arid in the south.

History

• The ancient history of Algeria was marked by Phoenician, Carthaginian, and Roman rule.
• The country was conquered by Islamic forces in the 7th century.
• From the 16th to 19th centuries, Algeria was under Ottoman rule.
• It was then colonized by France from 1830 to 1962, until Algeria gained independence after a long struggle.

Government and Economy

• Algeria is a presidential republic with a multi-party system.
• The capital is Algiers, and the currency is the Algerian dinar.
• The main industries driving the economy are oil and natural gas production, as well as agriculture (producing wheat, oats, and barley).
• Algeria is a member of the African Union, Arab League, and OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries).

Demographics and Culture

• The population of Algeria is approximately 43 million people.
• The ethnic groups are Arab-Berber, Arab, and Berber.
• The official language is Arabic, but Berber and French are also spoken.
• The majority of the population (over 95%) practices Islam, while Christianity and Judaism are also present.
• Algeria has a rich cultural heritage, featuring traditional music, art, and cuisine.