Algae Order II: Chlorococcales

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Questions and Answers

How many families are represented in the Order II: Chlorococcales?

  • Two
  • Three (correct)
  • Five
  • Four

What type of cells are found in the family Protosiphonaceae?

  • Unicellular uninucleate
  • Multicellular multinucleate
  • Unicellular multinucleate (correct)
  • Multicellular uninucleate

What is the main characteristic of the genus Pediastrum?

  • Colonial forms
  • Peripheral cells with protrusions (correct)
  • Unicellular forms
  • Multinucleate cells

How does asexual reproduction occur in Pediastrum?

<p>By the formation of autocoenobia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of sexual reproduction in Pediastrum?

<p>Isogamous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the other genus in the Hydrodictyaceae family?

<p>Hydrodictyon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the Oogonium?

<p>Spherical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for species that form small flattened antheridia?

<p>Macrandrous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cells in Nets?

<p>Cylindrical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the chloroplast in Nets?

<p>It is reticulate and has a number of pyrenoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the distal end of the filament?

<p>To function as an antheridium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do members of the Ulothricaceae family reproduce vegetatively?

<p>By fragmentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the swarmer released from an antheridial-like cell?

<p>Androspore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the filament in Ulothrix?

<p>Unbranched and uniseriate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the androspores after they swim towards the oogonium?

<p>They become attached to the oogonial wall or nearby cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small filamentous structure that develops from an androspore?

<p>Dwarf male plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the chloroplast in Ulothrix?

<p>Ring- or girdle-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flagella do the zoospores in Ulothrix have?

<p>Either biflagellate or quadriflagellate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the life cycle of Ulothrix?

<p>Haplontic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the flagella in Oedogonium?

<p>To attach to solid objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus in Oedogonium cells?

<p>It lies in the periphery of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the holdfast in Oedogonium?

<p>To attach to a substratum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the chloroplasts in Oedogonium?

<p>They have many pyrenoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the residual portions of cells that divide to bring about intercalary growth?

<p>Caps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of sexual reproduction in Oedogonium?

<p>Oogamy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the filaments in Oedogonium?

<p>They are unbranched and uniseriate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Order II: Chlorococcales

  • Comprises three families: Chlorococcaceae, Protosiphonaceae, and Hydrodictyaceae
  • Hydrodictyaceae family:
    • Example: Pediastrum and Hydrodictyon
    • Pediastrum:
      • A planktonic flat colony with peripheral cells having one or two protrusions
      • Asexual reproduction by autocoenobia formation
      • Sexual reproduction is isogamous
      • Isogametes produce a diploid zygote, which germinates to produce zygospores
    • Hydrodictyon:
      • Means "water net" due to its cylindrical shape with closed ends
      • Cells are cylindrical with many nuclei in the peripheral cytoplasm
      • Chloroplast is reticulate with multiple pyrenoids
      • Asexual reproduction is mainly through autocoenobia formation
      • Sexual reproduction is isogamous

Order III: Ulothricales

  • Family: Ulothricaceae
  • Members are found in various habitats, including freshwater, marine, and soil
  • Algae reproduce:
    • Vegetatively by fragmentation
    • Asexually by zoospores, aplanospores, or hypnospores
    • Sexually by isogametes or anisogametes
  • Ulothrix:
    • Unbranched, uniseriate cylindrical filament
    • Cells have a single chloroplast with one or many pyrenoids
    • Nucleus is enclosed in the chloroplast
    • Reproduction:
      • Vegetative: by fragmentation
      • Asexual: by zoospores, aplanospores, or hypnospores
      • Sexual: by isogametes

Order IV: Oedogoniales

  • Family: Oedogoniaceae
  • Only family in this order, comprising three genera: Oedogonium, Bulbochaete, and Oedocladium
  • Oedogonium:
    • Unbranched, uniseriate filament with uninucleate cells
    • Occurs in freshwater, attached to a substrate by a basal holdfast
    • Chloroplasts have many pyrenoids
    • Nucleus lies in the cell periphery
    • Filaments are polar due to the presence of a holdfast
    • Reproduction:
      • Vegetative: by fragmentation
      • Asexual: by zoospores, akinetes, or aplanospores
      • Sexual: by oogamy

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