Podcast
Questions and Answers
ما هو علم الفسيولوجيا النباتية؟
ما هو علم الفسيولوجيا النباتية؟
دراسة وظيفة الخلايا والأنسجة وأعضاء النبات؛ وكيمياء هذه الوظائف.
ما هي المكونات الأساسية للغشاء البلازمي؟
ما هي المكونات الأساسية للغشاء البلازمي؟
تسمح جميع الأغشية البيولوجية بمرور جميع المواد دون استثناء.
تسمح جميع الأغشية البيولوجية بمرور جميع المواد دون استثناء.
False
ما هو دور البروتينات المرتبطة بالغشاء البلازمي؟
ما هو دور البروتينات المرتبطة بالغشاء البلازمي؟
Signup and view all the answers
ما هو نوع الانتشار الذي يحدث عندما تدخل المواد غير أيونية إلى الخلية؟
ما هو نوع الانتشار الذي يحدث عندما تدخل المواد غير أيونية إلى الخلية؟
Signup and view all the answers
ما الفرق بين الانتشار السهل والانتشار الميسّر؟
ما الفرق بين الانتشار السهل والانتشار الميسّر؟
Signup and view all the answers
تمتلك الفوسفوليبيدات رأس __________ وذيول __________.
تمتلك الفوسفوليبيدات رأس __________ وذيول __________.
Signup and view all the answers
وافق بين نوع النقل وخصائصه:
وافق بين نوع النقل وخصائصه:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: General Botany I, Physiology
- Prepared by: Prof. assist Dr. Zeinab Ashour
What is Plant Physiology?
- The study of the function of plant cells, tissues, and organs, and the chemistry of these functions.
- Crucially, these functions depend on structures.
Plant Parts
- Diagram showing: flower, leaf, fruit, stem, and root.
Plant Tissue Systems
- Diagram illustrating plant tissue systems: leaf anatomy, internal stem structure, and internal root structure.
Plant Cell Diagram
- Diagram showing: chloroplast, nucleolus, ribosomes, large central vacuole, mitochondrion, and cell membrane.
Course Outline
- Key topics: Diffusion, osmosis, permeability, plasma membrane, colloids in plants, cytoplasm, photosynthesis, chloroplast, respiration, mitochondria, enzymes, and all compartments.
Evaluation
- 10 marks for midterm exam
- 15 marks for oral exam and assignments
- 20 marks for practical exam
- 60 marks for final written exam
Plasma Membrane
- The outer boundary of all cells.
- Separates the cytoplasm from the external environment.
- Allows the cell to take up or retain specific substances while excluding others.
- Contains transport proteins responsible for selective transport of solutes.
Biological Membranes
- All biological membranes share a basic structure: a phospholipid bilayer with proteins interspersed.
- Phospholipid structure:
- Two fatty acid tails (nonpolar).
- A phosphate group and attached molecule (polar head).
- The arrangement creates a hydrophobic interior (excluding water) and a hydrophilic exterior.
Proteins Associated with Membranes
- Two types: integral and peripheral proteins.
- Integral proteins: embedded in the lipid bilayer, interacting with outside, hydrophobic core, and inside of the cell.
- Peripheral proteins: attached to the membrane surface by non-covalent bonds, play roles in interactions between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton.
Permeability to Substances
-
How plasma membranes control permeability:
- Selective permeability: allowing the passage of certain substances while preventing others.
-
Permeability to non-ionized substances:
- Usually diffuse across the membrane through a process called diffusion.
- Driving force is the kinetic energy of the particles.
- Movement is from high concentration to low concentration. Diffusion continues in both directions at equal rates after equilibrium is reached.
-
Size and solubility influence diffusion:
- Small and non-polar substances diffuse easily.
- Large substances require assistance (passive facilitated diffusion) from membrane proteins like channels or carriers.
- Substances with high affinity for oil penetrate lipid membranes rapidly.
-
Permeability to ionic substances:
- Ions move much slower than non-ionized substances.
- Cells continue to absorb ions even if internal concentration is higher than external, suggesting active transport is involved.
Active Transport
- Movement of substances against a concentration gradient (from dilute to concentrated).
- Requires metabolic energy.
- Involves transmembrane proteins (pumps).
- Essential for accumulating ions or molecules within the cell.
Selective Uptake of Ions
- Living cells can distinguish between different ions.
- Monovalent cations (like K+) are absorbed faster than polyvalent cations (like Ca²⁺).
- Even ions with the same valence may be preferred differently.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
تتناول هذه الاختبار موضوع فسيولوجيا النباتات بما في ذلك تركيب الأنسجة ووظائف الأعضاء. سيتم استكشاف الدروس الرئيسية مثل الانتشار والتنفس والتمثيل الضوئي. تقدم الرسوم التوضيحية لمختلف أجزاء النبات مثل الأزهار والأوراق والجذور.
