Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Naming and Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is present in organic compounds with functional groups containing carbon-oxygen single bond?

  • Ionic bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)
  • Metallic bond
  • Hydrogen bond

What is the difference in the bonding of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones?

  • In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a carbon and hydrogen, while in ketones, it is bonded to two carbon atoms. (correct)
  • In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to two hydrogen atoms, while in ketones, it is bonded to a carbon and oxygen.
  • In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is not present, while in ketones, it is bonded to a carbon and oxygen.
  • In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms, while in ketones, it is bonded to a carbon and hydrogen.

Which of the following is NOT a use of carbonyl compounds?

  • Plastics and drugs
  • Constituents of alkane compounds (correct)
  • Constituents of fabrics
  • Flavorings

Which functional group is present in aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids?

<p>Carbonyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is characteristic of carboxylic acids?

<p>Carboxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are carboxylic acids?

<p>Compounds where carbon is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does IUPAC stand for in the context of naming organic compounds?

<p>International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are amides and acyl halides?

<p>Derivatives of carboxylic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are common names of aldehydes derived?

<p>By replacing the ending –ic of the corresponding carboxylic acid with -aldehyde (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids play in biochemical processes?

<p>They add fragrance and flavor to nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are IUPAC names of aldehydes derived?

<p>By replacing the ending –e of the corresponding alkane with -aldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are common names of ketones derived?

<p>By adding the name of alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the carbonyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for ketones derived from alkyl phenyl ketones?

<p>By adding the ending –one to the name of the acyl group as a prefix to phenone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds are derivatives of carboxylic acids?

<p>Amides and acyl halides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about aldehydes and ketones?

<p>They add flavor and fragrance to nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about esters and anhydrides?

<p>They are derivatives of carboxylic acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does IUPAC stand for?

<p>International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bond type in C-O single bond compounds

Covalent bond

Aldehyde carbonyl bonding

Bonded to a carbon and hydrogen atom

Ketone carbonyl bonding

Bonded to two carbon atoms

Carbonyl group function in nature

Adds fragrance and flavor

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Aldehyde IUPAC naming

Replace alkane -e with -aldehyde

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Ketone common naming

Combine names of alkyl/aryl groups with -one

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Carboxylic acid functional group

Carboxyl group (-COOH)

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Carboxylic acid type of compound

Carbon bonded to carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl group

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IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Amides and Acyl Halides

Derivatives of carboxylic acids

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Aldehyde Common Name

Replace -ic of carboxylic acid with -aldehyde

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Esters/Anhydrides

Derivatives of carboxylic acids

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Alkyl phenyl ketone IUPAC naming

Adds -one to acyl group, then phenone

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Aldehydes and Ketones in nature

Contribute to flavors and fragrances

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Aldehydes/Ketones are NOT

Not constituents of alkanes

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