Alcohols and Phenols Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How are alcohols classified based on the number of carbon atoms directly bonded to the carbon atom with the -OH group?

Aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic

Saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic

Linear, branched, or cyclic

Primary, secondary, or tertiary (correct)

What is the general term for alcohols that have more than one -OH group per molecule?

Unsaturated alcohols

Aromatic alcohols

Carbonyl alcohols

Polyhydroxy alcohols (correct)

In the structure of glucose, how many alcohol groups are present and what classification(s) (1°, 2°, or 3°) do they belong to?

Four alcohol groups: 2°

Six alcohol groups: a mix of 1° and 2°

Five alcohol groups: 1° (correct)

Three alcohol groups: 3°

What are the IUPAC rules for naming alcohols based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing the -OH group?

Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing the -OH group Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC rule for naming alcohols when isomers are possible?

Locate the position of the –OH group by placing the number of the carbon atom to which the –OH is bonded immediately before the parent alcohol name Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between boiling points of normal alcohols and the number of carbon atoms?

Boiling points increase in a regular fashion with increasing number of carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the water solubility and relatively high boiling points of low-molar-mass alcohols?

The –OH group Signup and view all the answers

What chemical property gives an organic compound the capability of forming an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid?

Oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of the dehydration of alcohols with sulfuric acid?

Alkene with the most number of alkyl substituents Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for compounds that have a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring?

Phenols Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is more acidic than alcohols and water?

Phenols Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between phenol and sodium hydroxide?

Sodium phenoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the common oxidizing agent used for oxidizing alcohols?

K2Cr2O7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol?

No reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the dehydration of 2-butanol with sulfuric acid?

2-butene Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of glucose?

180.2 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for the saturated homologous series of aldehydes and ketones?

CnH2nO Signup and view all the answers

How is the aldehyde group often written in a linear expression?

CHO Signup and view all the answers

How is the carbonyl group written in the linear expression of a ketone?

CO Signup and view all the answers

According to IUPAC rules, how is the parent aldehyde name formed?

By dropping the –e from the corresponding alkane name and adding the suffix –al Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC suffix for naming aldehydes?

-al Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids?

Oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the compound with the IUPAC name propanal?

Propionaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones?

Tollens test Signup and view all the answers

What functional group is formed when aldehydes react with alcohols in the presence of acid?

Hemiacetal Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant structure of fructose inside a cell?

Hemiketal Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC suffix for naming ketones?

-one Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests involves the use of Cu2+ ions in an alkaline medium?

Fehling test Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the oxidation of aldehydes?

Carboxylic acids Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical property allows aldehydes and ketones to form hydrogen bonds with water?

Polar carbonyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between aldehydes and silver ions in the Tollens test?

Metallic silver Signup and view all the answers

What functional group is formed when aldehydes or hemiacetals react with a second molecule of alcohol in the presence of acid?

Acetal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Alcohols

Alcohols are classified based on the number of carbon atoms directly bonded to the carbon atom with the -OH group as 1° (primary), 2° (secondary), or 3° (tertiary) alcohols.

Polyhydric Alcohols

Alcohols with more than one -OH group per molecule are called polyhydric alcohols.

Glucose Structure

Glucose has five alcohol groups, which are classified as 1° and 2° alcohols.

IUPAC Rules for Naming Alcohols

The IUPAC rules for naming alcohols involve naming the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing the -OH group and adding the suffix "-ol".
When isomers are possible, the IUPAC rule is to number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end closest to the -OH group.

Boiling Points of Alcohols

The boiling points of normal alcohols increase with the number of carbon atoms.

Solubility and Boiling Points of Alcohols

Low-molar-mass alcohols are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding, which is also responsible for their relatively high boiling points.

Chemical Properties of Alcohols

Alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids.
The oxidation of a tertiary alcohol results in a carbocation.

Dehydration of Alcohols

The major product of the dehydration of alcohols with sulfuric acid is an alkene.

Phenol

Compounds with a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring are called phenols.
Phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide to form a salt.

Oxidizing Agents and Aldehydes

Chromic acid (H2CrO4) is a common oxidizing agent used to oxidize alcohols.
The oxidation of aldehydes results in carboxylic acids.

General Formula for Aldehydes and Ketones

The general formula for the saturated homologous series of aldehydes and ketones is CnH2nO.

Aldehyde and Ketone Nomenclature

The aldehyde group is often written as -CHO in a linear expression.
The carbonyl group is written as -CO- in a linear expression for ketones.
The IUPAC suffix for naming aldehydes is "-al".
The IUPAC suffix for naming ketones is "-one".

Fehling's Test and Tollens' Test

Fehling's test involves the use of Cu2+ ions in an alkaline medium to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones.
Tollens' test involves the reaction of aldehydes with silver ions to form a silver mirror.

Hemiacetals and Acetals

Aldehydes react with alcohols in the presence of acid to form hemiacetals, which can react with another molecule of alcohol to form acetals.

Fructose Structure

The predominant structure of fructose inside a cell is a cyclic structure.

Ketone Nomenclature

The IUPAC suffix for naming ketones is "-one".

Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

Aldehydes and ketones can form hydrogen bonds with water due to their polarity.
Aldehydes react with alcohols in the presence of acid to form hemiacetals, which can react with another molecule of alcohol to form acetals.

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Description

Test your knowledge of organic chemistry with this quiz on alcohols and phenols. Explore the classification, naming, physical and chemical properties, and common examples of alcohols, as well as the properties and classification of phenols. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of organic chemistry.