AKI: Causes and Oliguric Phase

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Questions and Answers

What are pre-renal causes of AKI (Acute Kidney Injury)?

Disruption in renal perfusion and blood flow, shock, dysrhythmias, heart failure, hypovolemia, GI losses/bleeding, ruptured aortic aneurysm.

What is the oliguric phase of AKI (Acute Kidney Injury)?

The initial phase of AKI, occurring 1-7 days after injury.

What are pre renal causes of AKI?

Disruption in renal perfusion and blood flow. Shock, dysrhythmias, HF, hypovolemia, GI losses/bleeding, ruptured aortic aneurysm.

What is intra renal causes of AKI?

<p>Direct damage to the kidney tissue. #1 CAUSE OF INTRA-RENAL IN THE HOSPITAL ACUTE TUBERULAR NECROSIS = ischemia, nephrotoxins, and sepsis. Strong antibiotics (vancomycin), NSAIDs, prolonged prerenal causes</p>

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What is the oliguric phase of AKI?

<p>This is the initial phase of AKI; 1-7 days after injury.</p>

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Flashcards

Pre-renal AKI Causes

Disruptions in renal perfusion and blood flow leading to AKI. Examples include shock, dysrhythmias, heart failure, hypovolemia, GI losses/bleeding, and ruptured aortic aneurysm.

Intra-renal AKI Causes

Direct damage to the kidney tissue itself leading to AKI. The #1 cause in-hospital is acute tubular necrosis (ATN) from ischemia, nephrotoxins (like vancomycin, NSAIDs), and sepsis; also prolonged pre-renal causes.

Post-renal AKI Causes

Obstruction of urine outflow, causing AKI. Examples include BPH, bladder cancer, kidney stones, prostate cancer, or trauma.

Oliguric Phase of AKI

The initial phase of AKI, typically occurring 1-7 days after the initial kidney injury.

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Study Notes

AKI can stem from issues affecting kidney perfusion, direct kidney damage, or urinary outflow obstruction.

Pre-Renal Causes of AKI

Disrupted renal perfusion and blood flow are the primary issues.
Common causes include shock, dysrhythmias, heart failure (HF), hypovolemia, GI losses/bleeding, and ruptured aortic aneurysms.

Intra-Renal Causes of AKI

Direct damage to kidney tissue is the main factor.
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), often due to ischemia, nephrotoxins, and sepsis, is a leading cause in hospital settings.
Strong antibiotics like vancomycin, NSAIDs, and prolonged pre-renal issues can lead to this.

Post-Renal Causes of AKI

Obstruction of urine outflow is the main problem.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), bladder cancer, kidney stones, prostate cancer, or trauma can cause obstructions.