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Questions and Answers
What was the highest rank a noble could receive in the Mansabdari system?
What was the highest rank a noble could receive in the Mansabdari system?
What was the primary method of remuneration for Mansabdars?
What was the primary method of remuneration for Mansabdars?
Besides personal expenses, what else were Mansabdars responsible for maintaining?
Besides personal expenses, what else were Mansabdars responsible for maintaining?
The Dahsala system introduced under Akbar calculated land revenue based on what factor?
The Dahsala system introduced under Akbar calculated land revenue based on what factor?
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What was the typical proportion of the average produce fixed as land revenue under the Dahsala system?
What was the typical proportion of the average produce fixed as land revenue under the Dahsala system?
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Who was the foremost judicial officer in the realm during Akbar's rule?
Who was the foremost judicial officer in the realm during Akbar's rule?
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What was the key result of Akbar's land revenue reforms?
What was the key result of Akbar's land revenue reforms?
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Which of the following best describes the Din-i-Ilahi?
Which of the following best describes the Din-i-Ilahi?
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What was the primary reason for the difficult position of the Mughal Empire immediately after Akbar's accession at age 13?
What was the primary reason for the difficult position of the Mughal Empire immediately after Akbar's accession at age 13?
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What was the direct outcome of the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556?
What was the direct outcome of the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556?
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What major territorial shift did Bairam Khan's death facilitate in the Mughal Empire?
What major territorial shift did Bairam Khan's death facilitate in the Mughal Empire?
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Which achievement of Akbar's rule is best represented by the establishment of the Mansabdari system?
Which achievement of Akbar's rule is best represented by the establishment of the Mansabdari system?
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What was the significance of the Mughal annexation of Berar in 1596?
What was the significance of the Mughal annexation of Berar in 1596?
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Which regions formed part of Akbar's dominion in the Deccan?
Which regions formed part of Akbar's dominion in the Deccan?
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Besides the Deccan, where did Akbar's empire achieve significant gains in controlling its frontiers?
Besides the Deccan, where did Akbar's empire achieve significant gains in controlling its frontiers?
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What was the foundational principle behind Akbar's Mansabdari System?
What was the foundational principle behind Akbar's Mansabdari System?
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Study Notes
Akbar (1556-1605)
- Akbar succeeded his father at age 13, after the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), which eliminated Afghan resistance to the Mughals.
- Bairam Khan, Akbar's tutor, became regent and managed the kingdom until 1560.
- Akbar took control of administration in 1560.
- Akbar's reign was notable for political unification of the subcontinent, a system of organized administration, a land revenue system, and religious conciliation.
Akbar's Conquests
- Akbar's territorial expansion included Malwa, Garh-like regions (between 1560 and 1576).
- Akbar's conquests included parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bengal, and Bihar by 1560.
- The Mughals incorporated Berar (1596), achieving a permanent foothold in Deccan.
- Further territorial gains included Khandesh (1601), and additional regions in Gujarat, including Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda.
- Further expansion to Kabul and Kandahar in the Northwest.
Akbar's Administrative Reforms
- Mansabdari System: This system of military and administrative service established graded ranks based on merit.
- Land Revenue System (Todar Mal): Designed by Todar Mal, it involved land surveys, classifying land based on productivity, and fixing land revenue based on a 10-year average of production. This resulted in higher state revenues and benefitted farmers.
Akbar's Religious Policy
- Abolition of Jizya: The poll tax on non-Muslims was abolished.
- State services for Hindus: State positions were open to Hindus.
- Hindu-Muslim alliances: Akbar encouraged matrimonial alliances with Rajput families.
- Din-i-Ilahi: Introduction of a new faith (Din-i-Ilahi) in 1580, emphasizing virtues like courage, chastity, and justice, primarily for those within his court. This new faith was not forced upon the public.
Legacy
- Akbar is considered one of India's greatest rulers, comparable to Ashoka.
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Description
Explore the significant reign of Akbar, who became emperor at just 13 years old. This quiz covers his early conquests, administrative reforms, and the establishment of a unified administrative system in the subcontinent. Test your knowledge on Akbar's policies and military expansions during this pivotal period in Indian history.
