Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who among the following was Akbar's Finance Minister?
Who among the following was Akbar's Finance Minister?
- Raja Man Singh
- Abul Fazl
- Birbal
- Raja Todar Mal (correct)
Which of the following best describes Abul Fazl's role in Akbar's court?
Which of the following best describes Abul Fazl's role in Akbar's court?
- Sufi saint
- Minister
- Court poet and historian (correct)
- Musician
Who was Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana?
Who was Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana?
- Son of Bairam Khan, he was a poet and astrologer (correct)
- Son of Birbal, he was a minister
- A singer
- A high ranking officer
Why did Akbar move his capital to Fatehpur Sikri?
Why did Akbar move his capital to Fatehpur Sikri?
What architectural styles are blended in Fatehpur Sikri?
What architectural styles are blended in Fatehpur Sikri?
Who was Akbar's tutor and regent after Humayun's death?
Who was Akbar's tutor and regent after Humayun's death?
In which battle did Akbar defeat Hemu?
In which battle did Akbar defeat Hemu?
Which of these cities did NOT initially fall into Mughal hands after the Second Battle of Panipat?
Which of these cities did NOT initially fall into Mughal hands after the Second Battle of Panipat?
What central Indian state was captured despite the resistance of Rani Durgavati?
What central Indian state was captured despite the resistance of Rani Durgavati?
Which of the following regions submitted to Akbar's authority between 1576 and 1591 CE?
Which of the following regions submitted to Akbar's authority between 1576 and 1591 CE?
Which of the following states was NOT part of the Bahmani Kingdom after its breakup?
Which of the following states was NOT part of the Bahmani Kingdom after its breakup?
Who bravely defended Ahmadnagar before surrendering to Akbar in 1597 CE?
Who bravely defended Ahmadnagar before surrendering to Akbar in 1597 CE?
Which empire extended over northern and central India by the end of the 16th century CE?
Which empire extended over northern and central India by the end of the 16th century CE?
What was Akbar's approach to the Rajputs, known for their martial prowess?
What was Akbar's approach to the Rajputs, known for their martial prowess?
Which Rajput ruler notably refused to accept the overlordship of the Mughals?
Which Rajput ruler notably refused to accept the overlordship of the Mughals?
What system of land revenue did Akbar adopt and modify?
What system of land revenue did Akbar adopt and modify?
What was the name of the land revenue system introduced by Todar Mal?
What was the name of the land revenue system introduced by Todar Mal?
What did the term 'mansab' signify in the Mansabdari system?
What did the term 'mansab' signify in the Mansabdari system?
What was the tax imposed on non-Muslims that Akbar abolished?
What was the tax imposed on non-Muslims that Akbar abolished?
In what city did Akbar open the Ibadat Khana?
In what city did Akbar open the Ibadat Khana?
What was the name of the new religion founded by Akbar?
What was the name of the new religion founded by Akbar?
Who was the famous musician patronized by Akbar?
Who was the famous musician patronized by Akbar?
Who among the following was known as a talented musician in Akbar's court?
Who among the following was known as a talented musician in Akbar's court?
Which of the following figures in Akbar's court was also a Sufi saint?
Which of the following figures in Akbar's court was also a Sufi saint?
Who was the brother of Abul Fazl and also served as a court poet for Akbar?
Who was the brother of Abul Fazl and also served as a court poet for Akbar?
What architectural styles influenced the design of Fatehpur Sikri?
What architectural styles influenced the design of Fatehpur Sikri?
What material was mainly used to construct the palaces and pavilions in Fatehpur Sikri?
What material was mainly used to construct the palaces and pavilions in Fatehpur Sikri?
How old was Akbar when he ascended to the throne?
How old was Akbar when he ascended to the throne?
Who served as Akbar's regent after he became emperor?
Who served as Akbar's regent after he became emperor?
Against whom did Akbar fight in the Second Battle of Panipat?
Against whom did Akbar fight in the Second Battle of Panipat?
What event led to Hemu's defeat in the Second Battle of Panipat?
What event led to Hemu's defeat in the Second Battle of Panipat?
Which of these activities initially occupied Akbar's time after the Second Battle of Panipat?
Which of these activities initially occupied Akbar's time after the Second Battle of Panipat?
Who was Baz Bahadur?
Who was Baz Bahadur?
Who resisted Akbar's forces in the central Indian state of Gondwana?
Who resisted Akbar's forces in the central Indian state of Gondwana?
What was the greatest obstacle to the expansion of Mughal power in India?
What was the greatest obstacle to the expansion of Mughal power in India?
What action did Akbar take to foster better relationships with the Rajputs?
What action did Akbar take to foster better relationships with the Rajputs?
Which Rajput ruler is known for his continued resistance against Akbar's authority?
Which Rajput ruler is known for his continued resistance against Akbar's authority?
In which year did the Battle of Haldighati take place?
In which year did the Battle of Haldighati take place?
What was the state's share of the average yield under the dahsala system?
What was the state's share of the average yield under the dahsala system?
What was the primary basis for calculating land revenue under Todar Mal's system?
What was the primary basis for calculating land revenue under Todar Mal's system?
What was the general meaning of the term 'mansab'?
What was the general meaning of the term 'mansab'?
What was the jizyah?
What was the jizyah?
What was the underlying principle of Din-i-Ilahi?
What was the underlying principle of Din-i-Ilahi?
Which of the following pairings from Akbar's court is INCORRECT?
Which of the following pairings from Akbar's court is INCORRECT?
What was the primary reason Akbar initially moved his capital to Fatehpur Sikri?
What was the primary reason Akbar initially moved his capital to Fatehpur Sikri?
Which of the following best describes the architectural influence seen in Fatehpur Sikri?
Which of the following best describes the architectural influence seen in Fatehpur Sikri?
Why was the city of Fatehpur Sikri ultimately short-lived as the Mughal capital?
Why was the city of Fatehpur Sikri ultimately short-lived as the Mughal capital?
Considering the roles of Abul Fazl and Faizi, how did Akbar's court benefit from their combined talents?
Considering the roles of Abul Fazl and Faizi, how did Akbar's court benefit from their combined talents?
What was the primary consequence of the arrow that struck Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat?
What was the primary consequence of the arrow that struck Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat?
How did Akbar's relationship with Bairam Khan evolve over time, and what was the ultimate outcome?
How did Akbar's relationship with Bairam Khan evolve over time, and what was the ultimate outcome?
Which of the following strategies best describes Akbar's approach to expanding his empire?
Which of the following strategies best describes Akbar's approach to expanding his empire?
What was the significance of the capture of Gondwana for Akbar's empire?
What was the significance of the capture of Gondwana for Akbar's empire?
How did Akbar’s territorial acquisitions between 1576 and 1591 CE contribute to the Mughal Empire?
How did Akbar’s territorial acquisitions between 1576 and 1591 CE contribute to the Mughal Empire?
What motivated Akbar to turn his attention towards regions south of the Vindhyas?
What motivated Akbar to turn his attention towards regions south of the Vindhyas?
What was Chand Bibi's role in the expansion of the Mughal Empire, and how did it end?
What was Chand Bibi's role in the expansion of the Mughal Empire, and how did it end?
Akbar's policy of assigning Rajputs to prominent positions such as governorships of Agra and Gujarat was primarily aimed at what outcome?
Akbar's policy of assigning Rajputs to prominent positions such as governorships of Agra and Gujarat was primarily aimed at what outcome?
How did Akbar's approach to Mewar under Rana Udai Singh differ from his general Rajput policy?
How did Akbar's approach to Mewar under Rana Udai Singh differ from his general Rajput policy?
What was the most significant long-term consequence of the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 CE?
What was the most significant long-term consequence of the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 CE?
How did the dahsala system attempt to address inconsistencies in agricultural production and market prices?
How did the dahsala system attempt to address inconsistencies in agricultural production and market prices?
What was the primary function of classifying land into four categories under the dahsala system?
What was the primary function of classifying land into four categories under the dahsala system?
What critical mechanism did the Mansabdari system incorporate to minimize corruption and ensure military readiness?
What critical mechanism did the Mansabdari system incorporate to minimize corruption and ensure military readiness?
How did Akbar's removal of the jizyah and pilgrim tax reflect his broader policy objectives?
How did Akbar's removal of the jizyah and pilgrim tax reflect his broader policy objectives?
What was the underlying philosophical influence behind Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi?
What was the underlying philosophical influence behind Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi?
Why did the Din-i-Ilahi fail to gain widespread acceptance beyond Akbar's court?
Why did the Din-i-Ilahi fail to gain widespread acceptance beyond Akbar's court?
How did Akbar's patronage of the arts and sciences contribute to the development of a secular administration?
How did Akbar's patronage of the arts and sciences contribute to the development of a secular administration?
Abul Fazl was a court poet and historian during Akbar's time.
Abul Fazl was a court poet and historian during Akbar's time.
Birbal was primarily known as a high-ranking military officer.
Birbal was primarily known as a high-ranking military officer.
Raja Todar Mal was Akbar's Finance Minister.
Raja Todar Mal was Akbar's Finance Minister.
Akbar moved his capital to Delhi because of water shortage.
Akbar moved his capital to Delhi because of water shortage.
The architecture at Fatehpur Sikri is a blend of Roman, Greek and Indian styles.
The architecture at Fatehpur Sikri is a blend of Roman, Greek and Indian styles.
By the end of the 16th century CE, the Mughal Empire extended over the whole of southern India.
By the end of the 16th century CE, the Mughal Empire extended over the whole of southern India.
The Rajputs were known for their valiant spirit and martial prowess.
The Rajputs were known for their valiant spirit and martial prowess.
Akbar never gave the Rajputs important positions in the Mughal empire.
Akbar never gave the Rajputs important positions in the Mughal empire.
Rana Udai Singh of Mewar accepted the overlordship of the Mughals without resistance.
Rana Udai Singh of Mewar accepted the overlordship of the Mughals without resistance.
Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh at the Battle of Panipat.
Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh at the Battle of Panipat.
Under the Dahsala system, the state's share was two-thirds of the average yield.
Under the Dahsala system, the state's share was two-thirds of the average yield.
The quality of land was not considered while fixing land revenue under Akbar.
The quality of land was not considered while fixing land revenue under Akbar.
Akbar became emperor immediately after defeating Hemu at the First Battle of Panipat.
Akbar became emperor immediately after defeating Hemu at the First Battle of Panipat.
The Mansabdari system defined an officer's rank, responsibilities, and salary.
The Mansabdari system defined an officer's rank, responsibilities, and salary.
Akbar forced non-Muslims to convert to Islam.
Akbar forced non-Muslims to convert to Islam.
Bairam Khan served as Akbar's tutor and regent because Akbar was too young to rule.
Bairam Khan served as Akbar's tutor and regent because Akbar was too young to rule.
Akbar constructed several buildings at Fatehpur Sikri.
Akbar constructed several buildings at Fatehpur Sikri.
The Second Battle of Panipat took place in 1605 CE.
The Second Battle of Panipat took place in 1605 CE.
Rahim, the son of Bairam Khan, became a famous Sanskrit scholar in Akbar's court.
Rahim, the son of Bairam Khan, became a famous Sanskrit scholar in Akbar's court.
Akbar defeated Baz Bahadur to conquer the region of Bengal.
Akbar defeated Baz Bahadur to conquer the region of Bengal.
Rani Durgavati bravely resisted Akbar's forces in the state of Gondwana.
Rani Durgavati bravely resisted Akbar's forces in the state of Gondwana.
Chand Bibi defended Ahmadnagar against Akbar's forces and never surrendered.
Chand Bibi defended Ahmadnagar against Akbar's forces and never surrendered.
Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana, renowned as a musician in Akbar's court, also held the position of Finance Minister.
Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana, renowned as a musician in Akbar's court, also held the position of Finance Minister.
Mulla Do-Piyaza, a well-documented minister in Akbar's court, is celebrated for his detailed historical chronicles.
Mulla Do-Piyaza, a well-documented minister in Akbar's court, is celebrated for his detailed historical chronicles.
Faizi, known for his military strategies, achieved the high rank of mansabdar in Akbar's army.
Faizi, known for his military strategies, achieved the high rank of mansabdar in Akbar's army.
Akbar's capital was relocated to Fatehpur Sikri due to its advantageous position for trade, leading to economic prosperity.
Akbar's capital was relocated to Fatehpur Sikri due to its advantageous position for trade, leading to economic prosperity.
The architectural design of Fatehpur Sikri showcases a seamless fusion of Persian, Central Asian, and Indian artistic styles, primarily utilizing white marble.
The architectural design of Fatehpur Sikri showcases a seamless fusion of Persian, Central Asian, and Indian artistic styles, primarily utilizing white marble.
Following Humayun's death, the 13-year-old Akbar was immediately capable of independently ruling the Mughal Empire without the guidance of a regent.
Following Humayun's death, the 13-year-old Akbar was immediately capable of independently ruling the Mughal Empire without the guidance of a regent.
The First Battle of Panipat in 1556 CE marked a turning point when an arrow struck Hemu in the eye, leading to the defeat of his forces and the consolidation of the Mughal Empire under Akbar.
The First Battle of Panipat in 1556 CE marked a turning point when an arrow struck Hemu in the eye, leading to the defeat of his forces and the consolidation of the Mughal Empire under Akbar.
After the Second Battle of Panipat, Akbar dedicated the next decade to consolidating his administrative control, sidelining military pursuits and territorial expansion.
After the Second Battle of Panipat, Akbar dedicated the next decade to consolidating his administrative control, sidelining military pursuits and territorial expansion.
After dismissing Bairam Khan, Akbar showed no regard for Bairam Khan's family and disavowed any connection with them.
After dismissing Bairam Khan, Akbar showed no regard for Bairam Khan's family and disavowed any connection with them.
Rani Durgavati surrendered without resistance to Akbar's forces, resulting in the effortless capture of Gondwana.
Rani Durgavati surrendered without resistance to Akbar's forces, resulting in the effortless capture of Gondwana.
Akbar's military expansion was solely focused on regions north of the Vindhyas; he never pursued conquests in the southern territories of India.
Akbar's military expansion was solely focused on regions north of the Vindhyas; he never pursued conquests in the southern territories of India.
Following Chand Bibi's surrender in 1597 CE, the entirety of the Bahmani Kingdom was immediately integrated into the Mughal Empire without any further resistance.
Following Chand Bibi's surrender in 1597 CE, the entirety of the Bahmani Kingdom was immediately integrated into the Mughal Empire without any further resistance.
Akbar's policy of assigning Rajputs to high-ranking positions, such as governors of Agra and Gujarat, aimed primarily to suppress their martial prowess.
Akbar's policy of assigning Rajputs to high-ranking positions, such as governors of Agra and Gujarat, aimed primarily to suppress their martial prowess.
Rana Udai Singh's defeat at Chittor in 1567 CE immediately led to Mewar accepting Mughal overlordship.
Rana Udai Singh's defeat at Chittor in 1567 CE immediately led to Mewar accepting Mughal overlordship.
The Dahsala system determined land revenue based solely on the current year's crop yield and market rates.
The Dahsala system determined land revenue based solely on the current year's crop yield and market rates.
Under the Dahsala system, land left fallow for three to four years was classified and taxed the same as land cultivated continuously.
Under the Dahsala system, land left fallow for three to four years was classified and taxed the same as land cultivated continuously.
The Mansabdari system exclusively applied to military officers, with civil officials organized under a separate structure.
The Mansabdari system exclusively applied to military officers, with civil officials organized under a separate structure.
A mansab rank of 10 in Akbar's empire denoted a higher status, greater responsibilities, and a larger salary compared to a rank of 20,000.
A mansab rank of 10 in Akbar's empire denoted a higher status, greater responsibilities, and a larger salary compared to a rank of 20,000.
Akbar's removal of the jizya was primarily motivated by economic considerations rather than religious tolerance.
Akbar's removal of the jizya was primarily motivated by economic considerations rather than religious tolerance.
The Din-i-Ilahi was widely adopted by the general population and became the dominant faith during Akbar's reign.
The Din-i-Ilahi was widely adopted by the general population and became the dominant faith during Akbar's reign.
Akbar commissioned the building of the Ibadat Khana in 1675 CE, a century after his reign.
Akbar commissioned the building of the Ibadat Khana in 1675 CE, a century after his reign.
Akbar's policy of religious tolerance was designed to give his administration a secular character by employing people of all castes and religions.
Akbar's policy of religious tolerance was designed to give his administration a secular character by employing people of all castes and religions.
After Humayun's death, his son, ______, became emperor at a young age.
After Humayun's death, his son, ______, became emperor at a young age.
Due to his young age, Akbar was guided by his ______, Bairam Khan.
Due to his young age, Akbar was guided by his ______, Bairam Khan.
The Second Battle of ______ in 1556 CE saw Akbar's forces defeat Hemu.
The Second Battle of ______ in 1556 CE saw Akbar's forces defeat Hemu.
For four years after the Second Battle of Panipat, Bairam Khan served as Akbar's ______.
For four years after the Second Battle of Panipat, Bairam Khan served as Akbar's ______.
After dismissing Bairam Khan, Akbar assumed all ______ himself.
After dismissing Bairam Khan, Akbar assumed all ______ himself.
After consolidating his rule, Akbar defeated Baz Bahadur, the ruler of ______.
After consolidating his rule, Akbar defeated Baz Bahadur, the ruler of ______.
The Rajput queen, Rani ______, bravely resisted Akbar's forces in Gondwana.
The Rajput queen, Rani ______, bravely resisted Akbar's forces in Gondwana.
Raja Todar Mal served as the ______ Minister in Akbar's court.
Raja Todar Mal served as the ______ Minister in Akbar's court.
Abul Fazl was known as Akbar's court ______ and historian.
Abul Fazl was known as Akbar's court ______ and historian.
Tansen was a famous ______ in Akbar's court.
Tansen was a famous ______ in Akbar's court.
Akbar moved his capital to Fatehpur Sikri because the Sufi saint, Salim ______ lived there.
Akbar moved his capital to Fatehpur Sikri because the Sufi saint, Salim ______ lived there.
Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana, son of Bairam Khan, was a ______ and astrologer in Akbar's court.
Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana, son of Bairam Khan, was a ______ and astrologer in Akbar's court.
By the end of the 16th century CE, the ______ Empire extended over the whole of northern and central India.
By the end of the 16th century CE, the ______ Empire extended over the whole of northern and central India.
The ______ stood as the greatest obstacle to the further extension of Mughal power in India due to their valiant spirit and martial prowess.
The ______ stood as the greatest obstacle to the further extension of Mughal power in India due to their valiant spirit and martial prowess.
Akbar married the daughter of Raja Bhara Mal of ______ to strengthen relations with the Rajputs.
Akbar married the daughter of Raja Bhara Mal of ______ to strengthen relations with the Rajputs.
Rana Udai Singh founded the city of ______ after escaping from Chittor.
Rana Udai Singh founded the city of ______ after escaping from Chittor.
Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh at the Battle of ______ in 1576 CE.
Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh at the Battle of ______ in 1576 CE.
Akbar appointed Raja ______, who had served under Sher Shah, as the chief revenue officer.
Akbar appointed Raja ______, who had served under Sher Shah, as the chief revenue officer.
Under the dahsala system, the state's share was one-third of the average crop ______.
Under the dahsala system, the state's share was one-third of the average crop ______.
The term mansab literally meant ______ or position in Akbar's administration.
The term mansab literally meant ______ or position in Akbar's administration.
Akbar removed the ______, a tax all non-Muslims had to pay, to establish equality.
Akbar removed the ______, a tax all non-Muslims had to pay, to establish equality.
In 1575 CE, Akbar opened the ______ or ‘house of worship’ at Fatehpur Sikri.
In 1575 CE, Akbar opened the ______ or ‘house of worship’ at Fatehpur Sikri.
______ was renowned as a skilled singer and musician in Akbar's court.
______ was renowned as a skilled singer and musician in Akbar's court.
To honor Salim Chishti, Akbar moved his capital to ______, showcasing his respect for Sufi saints.
To honor Salim Chishti, Akbar moved his capital to ______, showcasing his respect for Sufi saints.
______, known as Akbar's finance minister, played a crucial role in managing the empire's financial affairs.
______, known as Akbar's finance minister, played a crucial role in managing the empire's financial affairs.
The architecture at Fatehpur Sikri is a blend of Persian, Central Asian and ______ styles.
The architecture at Fatehpur Sikri is a blend of Persian, Central Asian and ______ styles.
______, a high-ranking officer or mansabdar, held a significant position in Akbar’s military and administrative structure.
______, a high-ranking officer or mansabdar, held a significant position in Akbar’s military and administrative structure.
Following Humayun's death in 1556 CE, his 13-year-old son, ______, came to the throne.
Following Humayun's death in 1556 CE, his 13-year-old son, ______, came to the throne.
In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556 CE), ______ led the Mughal forces against Hemu.
In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556 CE), ______ led the Mughal forces against Hemu.
After consolidating his rule over Delhi and Agra, Akbar occupied Jaunpur and ______.
After consolidating his rule over Delhi and Agra, Akbar occupied Jaunpur and ______.
______, the central Indian state, was captured despite the gallant resistance of the Rajput queen Rani Durgavati.
______, the central Indian state, was captured despite the gallant resistance of the Rajput queen Rani Durgavati.
Over the next 15 years (1576-1591 CE), Akbar extended his hold over the whole of northern India. Kabul, Kashmir and ______ submitted to his authority.
Over the next 15 years (1576-1591 CE), Akbar extended his hold over the whole of northern India. Kabul, Kashmir and ______ submitted to his authority.
______ tried bravely to defend Ahmadnagar but in 1597 CE, surrendered to Akbar.
______ tried bravely to defend Ahmadnagar but in 1597 CE, surrendered to Akbar.
Akbar was very kind to Bairam Khan’s son ______, who went on to become a famous Hindi poet in Akbar’s court.
Akbar was very kind to Bairam Khan’s son ______, who went on to become a famous Hindi poet in Akbar’s court.
Akbar appointed Raja ______, who had previously served under Sher Shah, as the chief revenue officer to implement land revenue reforms.
Akbar appointed Raja ______, who had previously served under Sher Shah, as the chief revenue officer to implement land revenue reforms.
The ______ system, introduced by Akbar, calculated the average yield and prices of crops over the past 10 years to determine the state's share of land revenue.
The ______ system, introduced by Akbar, calculated the average yield and prices of crops over the past 10 years to determine the state's share of land revenue.
Akbar's policy of religious tolerance included the removal of the ______, a tax levied on non-Muslims, to promote equality and integration within the empire.
Akbar's policy of religious tolerance included the removal of the ______, a tax levied on non-Muslims, to promote equality and integration within the empire.
Akbar founded the ______ or 'house of worship' at Fatehpur Sikri in 1575 CE as a place for religious scholars and leaders to engage in discussions and debates.
Akbar founded the ______ or 'house of worship' at Fatehpur Sikri in 1575 CE as a place for religious scholars and leaders to engage in discussions and debates.
Around 1582 CE, Akbar introduced ______, a syncretic faith aimed at unifying the diverse religious beliefs of his empire under a common set of ethical principles.
Around 1582 CE, Akbar introduced ______, a syncretic faith aimed at unifying the diverse religious beliefs of his empire under a common set of ethical principles.
The Rajput kingdom of ______, under Rana Udai Singh and later Rana Pratap, posed a significant challenge to Mughal expansion, resisting Akbar's authority despite military defeats.
The Rajput kingdom of ______, under Rana Udai Singh and later Rana Pratap, posed a significant challenge to Mughal expansion, resisting Akbar's authority despite military defeats.
Akbar realized the importance of good relations with the ______ due to their valiant spirit, integrating them into the Mughal empire through strategic alliances and positions of power.
Akbar realized the importance of good relations with the ______ due to their valiant spirit, integrating them into the Mughal empire through strategic alliances and positions of power.
Akbar's administrative structure, known as the ______ system, assigned ranks to officers based on their responsibilities and the number of soldiers and horses they maintained.
Akbar's administrative structure, known as the ______ system, assigned ranks to officers based on their responsibilities and the number of soldiers and horses they maintained.
In the Battle of Haldighati, Rana ______ refused to surrender and retreated into the mountain fortresses.
In the Battle of Haldighati, Rana ______ refused to surrender and retreated into the mountain fortresses.
Akbar's court was adorned with nine exceptionally talented individuals known as the ______, showcasing his patronage of art, music, and literature.
Akbar's court was adorned with nine exceptionally talented individuals known as the ______, showcasing his patronage of art, music, and literature.
Who became the Mughal emperor after Humayun's death?
Who became the Mughal emperor after Humayun's death?
Who was Akbar's tutor and regent when he first came to the throne?
Who was Akbar's tutor and regent when he first came to the throne?
After dismissing Bairam Khan, who assumed all authority of the Mughal empire?
After dismissing Bairam Khan, who assumed all authority of the Mughal empire?
Who was the ruler of Malwa who was defeated by Akbar?
Who was the ruler of Malwa who was defeated by Akbar?
Which Rajput queen valiantly resisted Akbar's forces in Gondwana?
Which Rajput queen valiantly resisted Akbar's forces in Gondwana?
Who defended Ahmadnagar against the Mughal forces?
Who defended Ahmadnagar against the Mughal forces?
Who was Akbar's Finance Minister?
Who was Akbar's Finance Minister?
Name one of the poets in Akbar's court.
Name one of the poets in Akbar's court.
Which Sufi saint was Akbar particularly close to?
Which Sufi saint was Akbar particularly close to?
What type of architecture is showcased at Fatehpur Sikri?
What type of architecture is showcased at Fatehpur Sikri?
Name the singer/musician in Akbar's court.
Name the singer/musician in Akbar's court.
What was the name of the system that calculated the average yield and prices of crops over the last 10 years?
What was the name of the system that calculated the average yield and prices of crops over the last 10 years?
What does the term 'mansab' literally mean?
What does the term 'mansab' literally mean?
What city did Udai Singh found after fleeing Chittor?
What city did Udai Singh found after fleeing Chittor?
What was the name of the religion founded by Akbar in 1582 CE?
What was the name of the religion founded by Akbar in 1582 CE?
What was the house of worship opened by Akbar at Fatehpur Sikri called?
What was the house of worship opened by Akbar at Fatehpur Sikri called?
Which Rajput ruler notably resisted Akbar and his empire?
Which Rajput ruler notably resisted Akbar and his empire?
Who did Akbar appoint as the chief revenue officer?
Who did Akbar appoint as the chief revenue officer?
What tax, paid by non-Muslims, did Akbar abolish?
What tax, paid by non-Muslims, did Akbar abolish?
Name one of the provinces that Rajputs were put in charge of.
Name one of the provinces that Rajputs were put in charge of.
What concept inspired Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi, meaning 'peace to all'?
What concept inspired Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi, meaning 'peace to all'?
Identify two members of Akbar's court who were known for their literary talents, and briefly describe their contributions.
Identify two members of Akbar's court who were known for their literary talents, and briefly describe their contributions.
Explain how Akbar's respect for Sufi saints influenced the architecture and location of his capital city.
Explain how Akbar's respect for Sufi saints influenced the architecture and location of his capital city.
Among Akbar's 'Nine Jewels,' which two courtiers held significant ministerial positions related to finance and administration?
Among Akbar's 'Nine Jewels,' which two courtiers held significant ministerial positions related to finance and administration?
Describe how the architecture at Fatehpur Sikri reflects the cultural influences prevalent during Akbar's reign.
Describe how the architecture at Fatehpur Sikri reflects the cultural influences prevalent during Akbar's reign.
Besides courtly duties, what other artistic talents or skills were present among Akbar's 'Nine Jewels'?
Besides courtly duties, what other artistic talents or skills were present among Akbar's 'Nine Jewels'?
What critical vulnerability in Hemu's forces did Akbar exploit at the Second Battle of Panipat to secure victory?
What critical vulnerability in Hemu's forces did Akbar exploit at the Second Battle of Panipat to secure victory?
After dismissing Bairam Khan, how did Akbar demonstrate diplomacy and foresight regarding Bairam Khan's family, and what impact did this have?
After dismissing Bairam Khan, how did Akbar demonstrate diplomacy and foresight regarding Bairam Khan's family, and what impact did this have?
Describe the multifaceted approach Akbar used to expand his empire, mentioning at least two specific methods and regions.
Describe the multifaceted approach Akbar used to expand his empire, mentioning at least two specific methods and regions.
How did the capture of Jaunpur and Gwalior contribute to the long-term stability and expansion of Akbar’s empire in northern India?
How did the capture of Jaunpur and Gwalior contribute to the long-term stability and expansion of Akbar’s empire in northern India?
What strategic significance did the submission of Kabul, Kashmir, and Sind hold for Akbar's empire?
What strategic significance did the submission of Kabul, Kashmir, and Sind hold for Akbar's empire?
Considering Chand Bibi's resistance, what does the surrender of Ahmadnagar signify about the limits and challenges of Akbar's expansionist policies in the Deccan?
Considering Chand Bibi's resistance, what does the surrender of Ahmadnagar signify about the limits and challenges of Akbar's expansionist policies in the Deccan?
Identify two specific regions beyond northern India that Akbar brought under Mughal control, and briefly describe the strategic or economic importance of each.
Identify two specific regions beyond northern India that Akbar brought under Mughal control, and briefly describe the strategic or economic importance of each.
Explain how Akbar's policy towards the Rajputs differed from previous rulers, and why this was significant for the expansion and stability of the Mughal Empire.
Explain how Akbar's policy towards the Rajputs differed from previous rulers, and why this was significant for the expansion and stability of the Mughal Empire.
Describe the main features of the dahsala system introduced by Raja Todar Mal, and how it aimed to improve the land revenue collection process.
Describe the main features of the dahsala system introduced by Raja Todar Mal, and how it aimed to improve the land revenue collection process.
Explain the structure and purpose of the mansabdari system, and how it contributed to the Mughal empire's administrative and military efficiency?
Explain the structure and purpose of the mansabdari system, and how it contributed to the Mughal empire's administrative and military efficiency?
Detail the factors that motivated Akbar to introduce his policy of religious tolerance, and give examples of how this policy was implemented in practice?
Detail the factors that motivated Akbar to introduce his policy of religious tolerance, and give examples of how this policy was implemented in practice?
Describe the key principles of Din-i-Ilahi, and discuss the extent to which it was successfully adopted by the Mughal population.
Describe the key principles of Din-i-Ilahi, and discuss the extent to which it was successfully adopted by the Mughal population.
Explain how Akbar's patronage of art, architecture, and music contributed to the cultural richness of the Mughal Empire?
Explain how Akbar's patronage of art, architecture, and music contributed to the cultural richness of the Mughal Empire?
Describe the significance of the Battle of Haldighati, including the key figures involved and its long-term impact on Mewar's relationship with the Mughal Empire.
Describe the significance of the Battle of Haldighati, including the key figures involved and its long-term impact on Mewar's relationship with the Mughal Empire.
Beyond land revenue, in what other ways did Akbar reform the economic structures of his empire?
Beyond land revenue, in what other ways did Akbar reform the economic structures of his empire?
How did Akbar ensure that his administration had a secular character?
How did Akbar ensure that his administration had a secular character?
Who were the Navaratnas, and how did they contribute to Akbar's court and administration?
Who were the Navaratnas, and how did they contribute to Akbar's court and administration?
Flashcards
Who was Akbar?
Who was Akbar?
Humayun's son who ascended the throne at age 13.
Second Battle of Panipat
Second Battle of Panipat
A battle in 1556 CE where Bairam Khan led Mughal forces to defeat Hemu after an arrow struck Hemu's eye.
Who was Bairam Khan?
Who was Bairam Khan?
Served as regent for Akbar, but was later dismissed.
Akbar's Empire Expansion
Akbar's Empire Expansion
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Key regions added to Akbar's empire
Key regions added to Akbar's empire
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What was Gondwana?
What was Gondwana?
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Who was Chand Bibi?
Who was Chand Bibi?
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Akbar's Navratnas
Akbar's Navratnas
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Who was Abul Fazl?
Who was Abul Fazl?
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Who was Birbal?
Who was Birbal?
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Akbar and Sufism
Akbar and Sufism
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Fatehpur Sikri
Fatehpur Sikri
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Who were the Rajputs?
Who were the Rajputs?
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What was Akbar's Rajput policy?
What was Akbar's Rajput policy?
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What is the Dahsala System?
What is the Dahsala System?
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What is the Mansabdari System?
What is the Mansabdari System?
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What is the Jizyah?
What is the Jizyah?
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What was the Ibadat Khana?
What was the Ibadat Khana?
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What is Din-i-Ilahi?
What is Din-i-Ilahi?
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What is 'Sulh-e-kul'?
What is 'Sulh-e-kul'?
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How did Akbar unify India?
How did Akbar unify India?
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Who were the Navaratnas?
Who were the Navaratnas?
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Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana
Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana
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Faizi
Faizi
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Raja Man Singh
Raja Man Singh
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Raja Todar Mal
Raja Todar Mal
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Fatehpur Sikri Architecture
Fatehpur Sikri Architecture
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Rajput Resistance
Rajput Resistance
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Akbar's Rajput Integration
Akbar's Rajput Integration
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Akbar's Marriage Alliances
Akbar's Marriage Alliances
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Rana Udai Singh's Resistance
Rana Udai Singh's Resistance
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Battle of Chittor (1567 CE)
Battle of Chittor (1567 CE)
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Battle of Haldighati
Battle of Haldighati
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Land Quality Classification
Land Quality Classification
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Mansab Significance
Mansab Significance
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Revenue Relief
Revenue Relief
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Who was Salim Chishti?
Who was Salim Chishti?
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Who was Mulla Do-Piyaza?
Who was Mulla Do-Piyaza?
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Who was Tansen?
Who was Tansen?
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Who was Fakir Aziao-Din?
Who was Fakir Aziao-Din?
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Fatehpur Sikri's Design
Fatehpur Sikri's Design
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Who was Adil Shah?
Who was Adil Shah?
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What is a regent?
What is a regent?
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Initial Conquests
Initial Conquests
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Who was Baz Bahadur?
Who was Baz Bahadur?
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Akbar's Empire Expansion Methods
Akbar's Empire Expansion Methods
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Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda
Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda
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What was the Battle of Chittor?
What was the Battle of Chittor?
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What was the Battle of Haldighati?
What was the Battle of Haldighati?
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What was Akbar's secular policy?
What was Akbar's secular policy?
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Who was Rao Jaimal?
Who was Rao Jaimal?
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Benefits of Mansabdari system
Benefits of Mansabdari system
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What was the Jizyah tax?
What was the Jizyah tax?
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Who was Udai Singh?
Who was Udai Singh?
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Tolerance in Akbar's Policy
Tolerance in Akbar's Policy
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Impact of Akbar's rule
Impact of Akbar's rule
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What portion was the state's share?
What portion was the state's share?
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Who was Raja Todar Mal?
Who was Raja Todar Mal?
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What did the Mansabdari system specify?
What did the Mansabdari system specify?
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Which cities?
Which cities?
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What is Kabul?
What is Kabul?
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Fakir Aziao-Din
Fakir Aziao-Din
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Akbar's Marriage Diplomacy
Akbar's Marriage Diplomacy
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Who was Rana Pratap Singh?
Who was Rana Pratap Singh?
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What is the 'dahsala'?
What is the 'dahsala'?
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What is fallow land?
What is fallow land?
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What is banjar land?
What is banjar land?
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What are mansabs?
What are mansabs?
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Who is a mansabdar?
Who is a mansabdar?
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What was Ibadat Khana?
What was Ibadat Khana?
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Akbar's Secular Administration
Akbar's Secular Administration
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What were Akbar's initial conquests?
What were Akbar's initial conquests?
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What were Akbar's expansion methods?
What were Akbar's expansion methods?
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What remained of the Bahmani Kingdom?
What remained of the Bahmani Kingdom?
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What cities did Mughals gain control of?
What cities did Mughals gain control of?
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Mulla Do-Piyaza
Mulla Do-Piyaza
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Akbar's Sufi Connection
Akbar's Sufi Connection
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Red Sandstone
Red Sandstone
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Water Shortage in Fatehpur Sikri
Water Shortage in Fatehpur Sikri
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Akbar's Policy Towards Rajputs
Akbar's Policy Towards Rajputs
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Udaipur's Significance
Udaipur's Significance
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Who was Todar Mal?
Who was Todar Mal?
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Dahsala System Calculation
Dahsala System Calculation
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Land classification
Land classification
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Land Revenue Payments
Land Revenue Payments
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Mansab Rank Range
Mansab Rank Range
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Mansabdar's Responsibilities
Mansabdar's Responsibilities
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Jizyah Significance
Jizyah Significance
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Akbar's Impact
Akbar's Impact
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What were the Initial Conquests?
What were the Initial Conquests?
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Udaipur's Founding
Udaipur's Founding
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Todar Mal's role
Todar Mal's role
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Dahsala Calculation
Dahsala Calculation
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State's land revenue share
State's land revenue share
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Mansab meaning
Mansab meaning
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Jagirs
Jagirs
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Jizyah abolition
Jizyah abolition
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Din-i-Ilahi purpose
Din-i-Ilahi purpose
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Sulh-e-kul meaning
Sulh-e-kul meaning
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Navaratnas meaning
Navaratnas meaning
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What were initial conquests?
What were initial conquests?
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Which cities did Mughals gain control of?
Which cities did Mughals gain control of?
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Navratnas of Akbar
Navratnas of Akbar
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Akbar & Sufi Saints
Akbar & Sufi Saints
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Haldighati Battle (1576 CE)
Haldighati Battle (1576 CE)
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What is Dahsala system?
What is Dahsala system?
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What is Mansabdari System?
What is Mansabdari System?
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What does 'mansab' mean?
What does 'mansab' mean?
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Akbar's Religious Policy
Akbar's Religious Policy
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What were Jaunpur and Gwalior?
What were Jaunpur and Gwalior?
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What were Akbar's Empire Expansion Methods?
What were Akbar's Empire Expansion Methods?
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What were Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda?
What were Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda?
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What happened at the Battle of Chittor?
What happened at the Battle of Chittor?
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Mughal Empire Extent (16th C)
Mughal Empire Extent (16th C)
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How 'Dahsala' worked
How 'Dahsala' worked
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Mansabdari System's scope
Mansabdari System's scope
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Ibadat Khana Purpose
Ibadat Khana Purpose
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What was the goal of Din-i-Ilahi?
What was the goal of Din-i-Ilahi?
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Navaratnas were
Navaratnas were
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Significance of Akbar’s religious tolerance
Significance of Akbar’s religious tolerance
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Who implemented 'dahsala'?
Who implemented 'dahsala'?
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Study Notes
- Akbar ascended to the throne in 1556 CE at the age of 13, following Humayun's death
- Since Akbar was so young, Bairam Khan served as Akbar's tutor and guided him during his early reign
Second Battle of Panipat
- Akbar faced Afghan emperor Adil Shah and his general Hemu upon ascending the throne
- Hemu had previously captured Delhi from the Mughals
- The Mughal forces, led by Bairam Khan, clashed with Hemu's army in 1556 CE at Panipat
- Initially in the Second Battle of Panipat, the Mughals seemed on course to be crushed
- During the battle, an arrow struck Hemu's eye, causing confusion among his troops
- Akbar seized the opportunity to defeat Hemu and his forces
- Thereafter, the Afghans practically disappeared from the Indian political scene
- Agra, Delhi, Ajmer, and Gwalior came under Mughal control
- For four years after the Second Battle of Panipat, Akbar engaged in sports like polo and hunting while Bairam Khan acted as regent (one who rules during the absence of the country’s ruler or when the ruler is too young)
- Akbar later felt the need to take greater control over the administration of his empire
- Akbar dismissed Bairam Khan to assume all authority himself
- Bairam Khan was murdered during a pilgrimage to Mecca
- Akbar showed kindness to Bairam Khan’s son, Rahim, who became a renowned Hindi poet in Akbar's court.
Expansion of the Empire
- Akbar expanded his empire through various methods, proving to be both a great conqueror and an excellent administrator
- After consolidating his rule over Delhi and Agra, Akbar occupied Jaunpur and Gwalior
- Akbar defeated Baz Bahadur and occupied Malwa, with Baz Bahadur later becoming an official in Akbar's court
- Gondwana, a central Indian state, was captured despite resistance from Rajput queen Rani Durgavati
- Over a period of 15 years (1576-1591 CE), Akbar extended his hold over northern India
- Kabul, Kashmir, and Sind submitted to Akbar's authority, followed by Baluchistan and Kandahar
- Gujarat, Bengal, and Orissa (Odisha) were added to the Mughal Empire
- Akbar then expanded south of the Vindhyas, capturing Khandesh and Ahmadnagar
- the Bahmani Kingdom consisted of the three states of Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda
- Chand Bibi surrendered Ahmadnagar to Akbar in 1597 CE after a brave defense
- By the end of the 16th century CE, the Mughal Empire encompassed northern and central India, along with parts of the Deccan
Rajput Policy
- Akbar realized the Rajputs' significance to his rule, as they were the greatest obstacle to extending Mughal power
- Akbar took several steps towards maintaining good relations with them
- Rajputs held important positions in the empire, governing provinces such as Agra, Ajmer, and Gujarat
- Akbar married the daughter of Raja Bhara Mal of Amber, strengthening relations with other Rajput kingdoms
- Rana Udai Singh of Mewar (Udaipur) resisted Akbar's rule
- Akbar fought hard against the Rajput king and defeated Udai Singh at Chittor in 1567 CE, where a stray shot killed the commander of Mewar’s army Rao Jaimal, throwing forces into disarray; thousands of soldiers died in the chaos that followed
- Udai Singh fled from Chittor to the Girwa valley and founded Udaipur
- Udai Singh refused to accept the overlordship of the Mughals
- Akbar defeated Rana Pratap Singh (Udai Singh's son) at the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 CE
- Rana Pratap refused to surrender and retreated into the mountain fortresses
- Rana Pratap later regained lost territories, excluding Chittor
- Akbar never fully conquered Mewar but decisively subdued Rajput power, who were never able to regain all of their lost territories
Land Revenue System
- Akbar adopted Sher Shah's system of land revenue but introduced changes
- Raja Todar Mal, who served under Sher Shah, was appointed as the chief revenue officer
- Todar Mal introduced the dahsala system
- The dahsala system calculated the average yield and prices of crops over the past 10 years; 'das' means ten in many Indian languages
- The state's share was one-third of the average yield
- Land quality was assessed to determine land revenue, with land divided into four groups based on cultivation frequency
- Land cultivated continuously that yielded revenue every year
- Land sometimes left uncultivated to regain its productivity
- Land left fallow for 3-4 years
- Banjar land not cultivated for five years or more
- Cultivators received land revenue reductions during droughts or floods, payable in cash or kind
- Akbar's land revenue system remained in use until the end of the 17th century CE
The Mansabdari System
- Akbar introduced the mansabdari system to reorganize the empire's civil and military structure
- Mansab literally meant rank or position, with mansabdars holding these ranks
- All officers in Akbar's administration held a rank that determined their powers, responsibilities, and salaries
- Salaries were paid through jagirs or land grants
- The lowest rank was 10, while the highest reached 20,000
- Rank also determined the number of horses and soldiers maintained by each officer for imperial service
- The system reduced corruption and ensured military security
Akbar's Policy on Religion
- Akbar implemented a policy of religious tolerance throughout his reign
- Akbar removed the jizyah, a tax imposed on non-Muslims
- He also removed the pilgrim tax for Hindu groups
- Tolerance towards non-Muslims was reflected in Akbar's administrative policies
The Ibadat Khana
- In 1575 CE, Akbar opened the Ibadat Khana (house of worship) at Fatehpur Sikri
Din-i-llahi
- Around 1582 CE, Akbar founded Din-i-Ilahi (divine faith), drawing from major religions
- It was inspired by the Sufi concept of Sulh-e-kul (peace to all)
- It emphasized faith in one god and recognizing the emperor as his representative
- Akbar did not force conversions to the new faith
- Akbar continued to practice Din-i-Ilahi throughout his life, despite unpopularity among orthodox Muslims
- Din-i-Ilahi remained unpopular beyond court circles
- Even though Akbar himself was unschooled, he greatly valued the importance of education
- Akbar gathered scholars, artists, and administrators
Akbar's Place in History
- Akbar unified India through a single administrative system
- His religious tolerance policy helped build a strong and stable empire
- He gave his administration a secular character by employing people of all castes and religions
- Akbar supported art and architecture, as seen in illustrated books and buildings at Fatehpur Sikri
- Akbar patronized the musician Tansen
- Akbar's reign marked a turning point for the Mughal Empire
- He is recognized as one of India's greatest kings
The Navaratnas
-
The Navaratnas were nine exceptional talents in Akbar's court
- Abul Fazl was a court poet/historian
- Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana (Bairam Khan's son) was a poet and astrologer
- Birbal was a minister
- Mulla Do-Piyaza was a minister; some say he was an imaginary character created by Birbal
- Faizi (Abul Fazl's brother) was a court poet
- Raja Man Singh was a high-ranking officer (mansabdar)
- Raja Todar Mal was the Finance Minister
- Fakir Aziao-Din was a Sufi saint
- Tansen was a singer/musician
-
Akbar respected Salim Chishti and moved his capital to Fatehpur Sikri because the Sufi saint lived there
-
The architecture at Fatehpur Sikri reflects Persian, Central Asian, and Indian styles
-
Akbar built palaces and pavilions using red sandstone
-
The city of Fatehpur Sikri faced water shortage issues and was not inhabited for long
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Description
Akbar ascended the throne in 1556 CE at the age of 13. He faced Afghan emperor Adil Shah and his general Hemu. The Mughal forces defeated Hemu at Panipat, removing Afghans from the Indian political landscape.
