Podcast
Questions and Answers
What has been the trend in the causes of airplane accidents over time?
What has been the trend in the causes of airplane accidents over time?
- The majority of accidents today are attributed to human error rather than machine failure. (correct)
- Accidents have always been primarily due to human error.
- The percentage of accidents due to machine failure has increased significantly.
- Human error caused more accidents in the early years than it does today.
What percentage of maintenance failures is estimated to involve human factors according to the FAA?
What percentage of maintenance failures is estimated to involve human factors according to the FAA?
- 80% (correct)
- 70%
- 50%
- 30%
In a study of major accidents, what was the percentage of accidents attributed to maintenance and inspection factors?
In a study of major accidents, what was the percentage of accidents attributed to maintenance and inspection factors?
- 10%
- 12% (correct)
- 15%
- 5%
Which statement best describes the current primary cause of airplane accidents?
Which statement best describes the current primary cause of airplane accidents?
What was the historical distribution of causes of airplane accidents concerning human error and machine failures?
What was the historical distribution of causes of airplane accidents concerning human error and machine failures?
What is the typical audible frequency range for a young person?
What is the typical audible frequency range for a young person?
Which sound frequency is noted to have the greatest sensitivity for the ear?
Which sound frequency is noted to have the greatest sensitivity for the ear?
What is a major consequence of workplace noise on communication?
What is a major consequence of workplace noise on communication?
What type of noise is considered more disruptive overall?
What type of noise is considered more disruptive overall?
How is sound intensity commonly measured?
How is sound intensity commonly measured?
Which of the following is NOT an effect of noise in the workplace?
Which of the following is NOT an effect of noise in the workplace?
What primarily measures the volume of sound?
What primarily measures the volume of sound?
What is a potential long-term effect of excessive noise exposure?
What is a potential long-term effect of excessive noise exposure?
What does Murphy-proofing involve in the context of connectors?
What does Murphy-proofing involve in the context of connectors?
How can complacency in aircraft maintenance be addressed effectively?
How can complacency in aircraft maintenance be addressed effectively?
According to past human factors research, how are maintenance-related errors characterized?
According to past human factors research, how are maintenance-related errors characterized?
What underlying issue can lead to accidents in organizations with a long history of safety?
What underlying issue can lead to accidents in organizations with a long history of safety?
What should be the focus to proactively improve safety conditions in maintenance environments?
What should be the focus to proactively improve safety conditions in maintenance environments?
What impact does organizational pressure have on maintenance work?
What impact does organizational pressure have on maintenance work?
Why is it misleading to believe accidents happen only to irresponsible individuals?
Why is it misleading to believe accidents happen only to irresponsible individuals?
What can be the consequence of a long absence of workplace incidents?
What can be the consequence of a long absence of workplace incidents?
What does the error chain represent in the context of incidents and accidents?
What does the error chain represent in the context of incidents and accidents?
How can an organization break the error chain and prevent incidents?
How can an organization break the error chain and prevent incidents?
In the 'Swiss Cheese' Model, what does the cheese represent?
In the 'Swiss Cheese' Model, what does the cheese represent?
What happens when the holes in the layers of defence align in the 'Swiss Cheese' Model?
What happens when the holes in the layers of defence align in the 'Swiss Cheese' Model?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to breaking the error chain?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to breaking the error chain?
What role do deficiencies represented by holes in the Swiss cheese layers play in accident causation?
What role do deficiencies represented by holes in the Swiss cheese layers play in accident causation?
Which of the following statements about the error chain is true?
Which of the following statements about the error chain is true?
In the context of incident causation, why are barriers important?
In the context of incident causation, why are barriers important?
What is the primary aim of studying human factors in aircraft maintenance?
What is the primary aim of studying human factors in aircraft maintenance?
How does human factors training for maintenance personnel differ from Crew Resource Management training?
How does human factors training for maintenance personnel differ from Crew Resource Management training?
Which of the following best describes the term 'human factors'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'human factors'?
What was a significant realization regarding human error beyond flight crew and cabin crew?
What was a significant realization regarding human error beyond flight crew and cabin crew?
What type of resource management training was originally designed for pilots in the 1970s?
What type of resource management training was originally designed for pilots in the 1970s?
Why is it important to adapt human factors training for different aviation roles?
Why is it important to adapt human factors training for different aviation roles?
In studying human factors, which interaction is crucial for understanding maintenance incidents?
In studying human factors, which interaction is crucial for understanding maintenance incidents?
Which approach is most effective in minimizing human error in aircraft maintenance?
Which approach is most effective in minimizing human error in aircraft maintenance?
What is a significant limitation of human reliability in the context of maintenance?
What is a significant limitation of human reliability in the context of maintenance?
Which measure is primarily aimed at capturing human errors before they lead to harm?
Which measure is primarily aimed at capturing human errors before they lead to harm?
What is the primary purpose of Murphy-proofing in aircraft design?
What is the primary purpose of Murphy-proofing in aircraft design?
In the study of human factors, what is considered the ideal goal?
In the study of human factors, what is considered the ideal goal?
Which element of the SHELL Model focuses specifically on the physical and psychological strengths and limitations of the individuals?
Which element of the SHELL Model focuses specifically on the physical and psychological strengths and limitations of the individuals?
Which misinterpretation can occur due to poorly designed software in the SHELL Model?
Which misinterpretation can occur due to poorly designed software in the SHELL Model?
What does the 'E' in the SHELL Model represent?
What does the 'E' in the SHELL Model represent?
Which component of the SHELL Model is affected by the physical structure of aircraft and design issues?
Which component of the SHELL Model is affected by the physical structure of aircraft and design issues?
How does the SHELL Model suggest that errors occur between its components?
How does the SHELL Model suggest that errors occur between its components?
Which factor can contribute to discomfort in the workplace, according to the SHELL Model?
Which factor can contribute to discomfort in the workplace, according to the SHELL Model?
What is one way Liveware can negatively impact aircraft maintenance effectiveness?
What is one way Liveware can negatively impact aircraft maintenance effectiveness?
Which element of the SHELL Model primarily includes maintenance procedures and manuals?
Which element of the SHELL Model primarily includes maintenance procedures and manuals?
What does complacency in aircraft maintenance often lead workers to believe?
What does complacency in aircraft maintenance often lead workers to believe?
How can making human factors issues relevant impact safety practices in organizations?
How can making human factors issues relevant impact safety practices in organizations?
What is a common misconception reflected by workers in organizations with a long safety history?
What is a common misconception reflected by workers in organizations with a long safety history?
What is one consequence of the belief that an accident will never happen to a company?
What is one consequence of the belief that an accident will never happen to a company?
What can people often overlook as a result of complacency regarding safety in the workplace?
What can people often overlook as a result of complacency regarding safety in the workplace?
What is a recommended practice to minimize errors during complex maintenance tasks?
What is a recommended practice to minimize errors during complex maintenance tasks?
Which factor has been shown to influence the likelihood of maintenance-related errors?
Which factor has been shown to influence the likelihood of maintenance-related errors?
Which principle is highlighted about human errors in the context of maintenance?
Which principle is highlighted about human errors in the context of maintenance?
Why is it important to avoid interrupting workers during complex tasks?
Why is it important to avoid interrupting workers during complex tasks?
What is a notable context in which human limitations in maintenance are evident?
What is a notable context in which human limitations in maintenance are evident?
What physiological limitation can affect human performance in aircraft maintenance?
What physiological limitation can affect human performance in aircraft maintenance?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting human performance according to the provided content?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting human performance according to the provided content?
How can human performance degradation be described in relation to maintenance work?
How can human performance degradation be described in relation to maintenance work?
Which of the following describes a consequence of human performance limitations in aircraft maintenance?
Which of the following describes a consequence of human performance limitations in aircraft maintenance?
What is an essential reason for understanding human factors in the maintenance engineering system?
What is an essential reason for understanding human factors in the maintenance engineering system?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the visual acuity of the eye?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the visual acuity of the eye?
What is visual acuity primarily concerned with?
What is visual acuity primarily concerned with?
Which environmental factor can greatly limit visual clarity?
Which environmental factor can greatly limit visual clarity?
Which of the following is NOT a nature of the object that can affect visual acuity?
Which of the following is NOT a nature of the object that can affect visual acuity?
What is one of the physical factors that can limit visual acuity?
What is one of the physical factors that can limit visual acuity?
What optical condition is characterized by a blurred vision for close objects due to a shorter than normal eyeball?
What optical condition is characterized by a blurred vision for close objects due to a shorter than normal eyeball?
Which type of lens is used to correct short sightedness by bending light outwards?
Which type of lens is used to correct short sightedness by bending light outwards?
What is presbyopia primarily associated with?
What is presbyopia primarily associated with?
What visual imperfection is characterized by clouding of the lens and can lead to blurred vision?
What visual imperfection is characterized by clouding of the lens and can lead to blurred vision?
What visual deficiency occurs at the point where the optic nerve enters the retina?
What visual deficiency occurs at the point where the optic nerve enters the retina?
How does looking slightly to the side of an object improve vision at night?
How does looking slightly to the side of an object improve vision at night?
What is a common visual problem associated with ageing?
What is a common visual problem associated with ageing?
What is parallax error primarily caused by?
What is parallax error primarily caused by?
Why is good color vision particularly important for aircraft maintenance engineers?
Why is good color vision particularly important for aircraft maintenance engineers?
What can poor central vision at night lead to for those with previously good daytime vision?
What can poor central vision at night lead to for those with previously good daytime vision?
What type of lighting is essential for conducting aircraft inspection tasks?
What type of lighting is essential for conducting aircraft inspection tasks?
Which drug-related issue can significantly impair vision?
Which drug-related issue can significantly impair vision?
What visual issue is often exacerbated when an object is viewed from an angle?
What visual issue is often exacerbated when an object is viewed from an angle?
What can happen if an individual does not regularly assess their vision for maintenance tasks?
What can happen if an individual does not regularly assess their vision for maintenance tasks?
Which of the following best describes the impact of vibrations on visibility?
Which of the following best describes the impact of vibrations on visibility?
How does glare affect vision, especially in older individuals?
How does glare affect vision, especially in older individuals?
What is a recommended method to improve focus in low light conditions?
What is a recommended method to improve focus in low light conditions?
What is the maximum recommended wear time for contact lenses under normal circumstances?
What is the maximum recommended wear time for contact lenses under normal circumstances?
Why might airborne particles impact vision for individuals wearing spectacles?
Why might airborne particles impact vision for individuals wearing spectacles?
How does the size of an object influence visual perception?
How does the size of an object influence visual perception?
What condition is particularly problematic for vision when moving from bright to dim environments?
What condition is particularly problematic for vision when moving from bright to dim environments?
What visual phenomenon can occur when an object does not stand out well against its background?
What visual phenomenon can occur when an object does not stand out well against its background?
What is a significant effect of excessively dry or dusty environments on contact lens wear?
What is a significant effect of excessively dry or dusty environments on contact lens wear?
What is typically the greatest sensitivity frequency range of the human ear?
What is typically the greatest sensitivity frequency range of the human ear?
How can loud sound exposure affect the hair-like cells in the inner ear?
How can loud sound exposure affect the hair-like cells in the inner ear?
What is one of the primary factors that influences the degree of hearing impairment due to noise exposure?
What is one of the primary factors that influences the degree of hearing impairment due to noise exposure?
What type of hearing loss can result from exposure to loud sounds in a short duration?
What type of hearing loss can result from exposure to loud sounds in a short duration?
Which statement about noise in the workplace is true?
Which statement about noise in the workplace is true?
What can be a long-term effect of sustained exposure to high noise levels?
What can be a long-term effect of sustained exposure to high noise levels?
How is the intensity of sound measured?
How is the intensity of sound measured?
Which of the following effects can noise have in a workplace setting?
Which of the following effects can noise have in a workplace setting?
What is presbycusis?
What is presbycusis?
Which noise level requires the use of hearing protection according to workplace safety norms?
Which noise level requires the use of hearing protection according to workplace safety norms?
What is a common misconception about the ears and noise?
What is a common misconception about the ears and noise?
What is the maximum noise reduction achievable with earmuffs?
What is the maximum noise reduction achievable with earmuffs?
What is the recommended practice when employees are exposed to high noise levels?
What is the recommended practice when employees are exposed to high noise levels?
What does regular exposure to high noise levels potentially cause?
What does regular exposure to high noise levels potentially cause?
How can noise levels in the workplace be effectively managed?
How can noise levels in the workplace be effectively managed?
Why might ear protection devices interfere with communication?
Why might ear protection devices interfere with communication?
How long is visual information stored in iconic memory?
How long is visual information stored in iconic memory?
Which memory is used to store sounds for a longer duration compared to iconic memory?
Which memory is used to store sounds for a longer duration compared to iconic memory?
What is the purpose of sensory memory in processing information?
What is the purpose of sensory memory in processing information?
What enables us to remember a sentence rather than just a series of disconnected words?
What enables us to remember a sentence rather than just a series of disconnected words?
How does sensory memory primarily benefit our perception of visual and auditory information?
How does sensory memory primarily benefit our perception of visual and auditory information?
What term describes the ability to focus on one source while still being aware of other inputs?
What term describes the ability to focus on one source while still being aware of other inputs?
What effect describes the phenomenon of being able to hear one's name mentioned in a conversation across the room?
What effect describes the phenomenon of being able to hear one's name mentioned in a conversation across the room?
Which type of attention refers to multitasking where one task typically suffers due to the demands of another?
Which type of attention refers to multitasking where one task typically suffers due to the demands of another?
What is the primary factor that can both enhance and impair attention?
What is the primary factor that can both enhance and impair attention?
What term refers to the ability to maintain attention over prolonged periods on a single task?
What term refers to the ability to maintain attention over prolonged periods on a single task?
Which form of attention is primarily about avoiding distractions when focusing on one specific source?
Which form of attention is primarily about avoiding distractions when focusing on one specific source?
What is a key downside of selective attention when multiple inputs are present?
What is a key downside of selective attention when multiple inputs are present?
Which aspect is NOT typically associated with selective attention?
Which aspect is NOT typically associated with selective attention?
What is the main purpose of perception in the context of sensory data?
What is the main purpose of perception in the context of sensory data?
Which of the following best describes situational awareness?
Which of the following best describes situational awareness?
What factors are essential for effective decision-making?
What factors are essential for effective decision-making?
How can incorrect decision-making sometimes be beneficial?
How can incorrect decision-making sometimes be beneficial?
Why is it dangerous to rely solely on existing knowledge and prior experience in decision-making?
Why is it dangerous to rely solely on existing knowledge and prior experience in decision-making?
In decision-making, what role do written procedures and manuals play?
In decision-making, what role do written procedures and manuals play?
What happens during the perceptual process when viewing an object?
What happens during the perceptual process when viewing an object?
How does situational awareness contribute to safe driving?
How does situational awareness contribute to safe driving?
What aspect of decision-making is closely aligned with problem-solving?
What aspect of decision-making is closely aligned with problem-solving?
What best describes the feedback received after an action is taken in decision-making?
What best describes the feedback received after an action is taken in decision-making?
What are the three main processes that memory depends on?
What are the three main processes that memory depends on?
What is the typical duration of short-term memory when storing new information?
What is the typical duration of short-term memory when storing new information?
How many items of information can short-term memory hold at once, based on Miller's law?
How many items of information can short-term memory hold at once, based on Miller's law?
Which form of memory has an unlimited capacity for storage?
Which form of memory has an unlimited capacity for storage?
What is the duration of ultra-short-term memory?
What is the duration of ultra-short-term memory?
Which of the following statements is true regarding short-term memory?
Which of the following statements is true regarding short-term memory?
Which type of memory is primarily engaged when recalling personal experiences?
Which type of memory is primarily engaged when recalling personal experiences?
What technique can extend the duration of information retention in short-term memory?
What technique can extend the duration of information retention in short-term memory?
What can influence a maintenance worker's judgment during aircraft inspections?
What can influence a maintenance worker's judgment during aircraft inspections?
What is a likely consequence of consistently not finding issues during inspections?
What is a likely consequence of consistently not finding issues during inspections?
Why is relying on memory not advisable in aircraft maintenance?
Why is relying on memory not advisable in aircraft maintenance?
Which of the following statements about human memory is true?
Which of the following statements about human memory is true?
What phenomenon demonstrates how expectations can affect perception?
What phenomenon demonstrates how expectations can affect perception?
What is a suggested strategy to combat complacency among maintenance workers?
What is a suggested strategy to combat complacency among maintenance workers?
How can human limitations in memory manifest during maintenance activities?
How can human limitations in memory manifest during maintenance activities?
What is one way to ensure critical information is retained and accessible in aircraft maintenance?
What is one way to ensure critical information is retained and accessible in aircraft maintenance?
What common error might occur when maintenance workers scan documents quickly?
What common error might occur when maintenance workers scan documents quickly?
What can lead to a failure in retaining necessary information during maintenance tasks?
What can lead to a failure in retaining necessary information during maintenance tasks?
What is the main characteristic of semantic memory?
What is the main characteristic of semantic memory?
How does episodic memory differ from semantic memory?
How does episodic memory differ from semantic memory?
What is a motor program in the context of skills acquisition?
What is a motor program in the context of skills acquisition?
What is an essential aspect of situational awareness in aircraft maintenance?
What is an essential aspect of situational awareness in aircraft maintenance?
Which factor contributes most to effective situational awareness?
Which factor contributes most to effective situational awareness?
What can lead to incorrect conclusions in information processing?
What can lead to incorrect conclusions in information processing?
In which scenario is situational awareness particularly critical?
In which scenario is situational awareness particularly critical?
What is one major limitation of human information processing?
What is one major limitation of human information processing?
How can feedback improve situational awareness?
How can feedback improve situational awareness?
What is typically a focus when training maintenance personnel in human factors?
What is typically a focus when training maintenance personnel in human factors?
Why can proficiency in a skill create issues with situational awareness?
Why can proficiency in a skill create issues with situational awareness?
What does good situational awareness in aircraft maintenance ensure?
What does good situational awareness in aircraft maintenance ensure?
What can enhance an aircraft maintenance engineer's decision-making process?
What can enhance an aircraft maintenance engineer's decision-making process?
What issue can arise from deficiencies in attention and perception?
What issue can arise from deficiencies in attention and perception?
What is a key advantage of individual responsibility in aircraft maintenance?
What is a key advantage of individual responsibility in aircraft maintenance?
What is a primary disadvantage of emphasizing individual responsibility in aircraft maintenance?
What is a primary disadvantage of emphasizing individual responsibility in aircraft maintenance?
Who must be nominated in a Part 145 maintenance organization to ensure accountability?
Who must be nominated in a Part 145 maintenance organization to ensure accountability?
How is responsibility typically viewed in the aircraft maintenance environment?
How is responsibility typically viewed in the aircraft maintenance environment?
Which statement best describes the role of the Accountable Manager in aircraft maintenance?
Which statement best describes the role of the Accountable Manager in aircraft maintenance?
What is essential for ensuring the success of an aircraft maintenance team?
What is essential for ensuring the success of an aircraft maintenance team?
In the context of aircraft maintenance, what does the term 'responsible' imply?
In the context of aircraft maintenance, what does the term 'responsible' imply?
What could be a consequence of a strong focus on individual responsibility in the maintenance field?
What could be a consequence of a strong focus on individual responsibility in the maintenance field?
What is a potential disadvantage of group responsibility in a team environment?
What is a potential disadvantage of group responsibility in a team environment?
What must organizations approved under EASA Part 145 and CASR Part 145 ensure regarding their staff?
What must organizations approved under EASA Part 145 and CASR Part 145 ensure regarding their staff?
How does group polarisation affect team decision-making?
How does group polarisation affect team decision-making?
What role do maintenance records and work sheets play in the maintenance process?
What role do maintenance records and work sheets play in the maintenance process?
What is a recognized phenomenon related to social loafing in team work?
What is a recognized phenomenon related to social loafing in team work?
What responsibility does a certifying Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) have?
What responsibility does a certifying Aircraft Maintenance Engineer (AME) have?
What is intergroup conflict in a team setting?
What is intergroup conflict in a team setting?
What is the main implication of the statement that individuals can feel less responsible in group situations?
What is the main implication of the statement that individuals can feel less responsible in group situations?
What type of motivation focuses on individuals doing tasks because they want to?
What type of motivation focuses on individuals doing tasks because they want to?
Which of the following statements about external motivation is true?
Which of the following statements about external motivation is true?
What is a potential consequence of punishing individuals who are intrinsically motivated?
What is a potential consequence of punishing individuals who are intrinsically motivated?
What is generally considered more effective for employee motivation?
What is generally considered more effective for employee motivation?
Which of the following best describes internal motivation?
Which of the following best describes internal motivation?
What is the primary factor that Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs emphasizes regarding the satisfaction of needs?
What is the primary factor that Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs emphasizes regarding the satisfaction of needs?
Which aspect of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is associated with intrinsic motivation?
Which aspect of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is associated with intrinsic motivation?
How might tiredness influence the behavior of shift workers according to Maslow's theory?
How might tiredness influence the behavior of shift workers according to Maslow's theory?
What role does financial motivation play in the context of basic needs for aircraft maintenance workers?
What role does financial motivation play in the context of basic needs for aircraft maintenance workers?
Which statement reflects the relationship between lower-level and higher-level needs in Maslow’s framework?
Which statement reflects the relationship between lower-level and higher-level needs in Maslow’s framework?
Which characteristic is primarily associated with a motivated person?
Which characteristic is primarily associated with a motivated person?
What behavior would likely be exhibited by a de-motivated person?
What behavior would likely be exhibited by a de-motivated person?
Which of the following traits is NOT indicative of a motivated person?
Which of the following traits is NOT indicative of a motivated person?
What might a motivated person be willing to do that a de-motivated person typically would not?
What might a motivated person be willing to do that a de-motivated person typically would not?
Which statement best contrasts the characteristics of motivated and de-motivated individuals?
Which statement best contrasts the characteristics of motivated and de-motivated individuals?
What is the legal responsibility of aircraft maintenance workers regarding their fitness for work?
What is the legal responsibility of aircraft maintenance workers regarding their fitness for work?
Under CASR Part-66.150, under what condition does a licensed AME commit an offence?
Under CASR Part-66.150, under what condition does a licensed AME commit an offence?
What factors can degrade day-to-day fitness and health?
What factors can degrade day-to-day fitness and health?
What must certifying staff do under EASA Part 66 if they suspect their condition renders them unfit?
What must certifying staff do under EASA Part 66 if they suspect their condition renders them unfit?
What type of conditions can affect day-to-day fitness?
What type of conditions can affect day-to-day fitness?
What is the recommended minimum duration of exercise for maintaining fitness?
What is the recommended minimum duration of exercise for maintaining fitness?
Which of the following is a component of a well-balanced diet that contributes to fitness?
Which of the following is a component of a well-balanced diet that contributes to fitness?
What is the maximum alcohol intake recommended per week for men?
What is the maximum alcohol intake recommended per week for men?
Which of the following is advised to avoid for maintaining health?
Which of the following is advised to avoid for maintaining health?
How can day-to-day health and fitness be negatively influenced?
How can day-to-day health and fitness be negatively influenced?
What is the primary characteristic of REM sleep?
What is the primary characteristic of REM sleep?
During which sleep stage is it most difficult to awaken an individual?
During which sleep stage is it most difficult to awaken an individual?
Which statement about Stage 1 sleep is true?
Which statement about Stage 1 sleep is true?
What physiological changes occur as a person progresses from Stage 1 to Stage 4 sleep?
What physiological changes occur as a person progresses from Stage 1 to Stage 4 sleep?
What is a common feature of Stage 3 sleep?
What is a common feature of Stage 3 sleep?
What is the approximate length of the cycle for circadian rhythms in humans?
What is the approximate length of the cycle for circadian rhythms in humans?
Which environmental factor significantly influences circadian rhythms?
Which environmental factor significantly influences circadian rhythms?
What term is used to describe the disruption of the body's internal clock due to time zone change?
What term is used to describe the disruption of the body's internal clock due to time zone change?
At what time is the human body temperature typically at its lowest, making it hardest to stay awake?
At what time is the human body temperature typically at its lowest, making it hardest to stay awake?
Which physiological process remains unchanged even if normal sleep-wake patterns are disrupted?
Which physiological process remains unchanged even if normal sleep-wake patterns are disrupted?
What is the primary focus of the DAMP program mandated by CASA under CASR Part 99?
What is the primary focus of the DAMP program mandated by CASA under CASR Part 99?
Which of the following is NOT a required component of the DAMP program as stipulated by CASR Part 99?
Which of the following is NOT a required component of the DAMP program as stipulated by CASR Part 99?
What responsibility do organizations have under the CASR Part 99 regulations?
What responsibility do organizations have under the CASR Part 99 regulations?
In addition to the drug and alcohol response program, which other program is essential according to CASR Part 99?
In addition to the drug and alcohol response program, which other program is essential according to CASR Part 99?
What is the purpose of the drug and alcohol testing program within the DAMP program?
What is the purpose of the drug and alcohol testing program within the DAMP program?
What does EASA Part-145 AMC 145.25(c) require regarding the working environment for maintenance personnel?
What does EASA Part-145 AMC 145.25(c) require regarding the working environment for maintenance personnel?
Which condition does EASA Part-145 state could lead to the suspension of maintenance tasks?
Which condition does EASA Part-145 state could lead to the suspension of maintenance tasks?
What is the main focus outlined in EASA Part-145 regarding the working environment?
What is the main focus outlined in EASA Part-145 regarding the working environment?
According to EASA Part-145, which environmental factor is NOT mentioned as potentially impacting maintenance tasks?
According to EASA Part-145, which environmental factor is NOT mentioned as potentially impacting maintenance tasks?
What action should be taken when the environmental conditions deteriorate significantly during maintenance?
What action should be taken when the environmental conditions deteriorate significantly during maintenance?
What frequency range is most problematic for vibration that affects the human body?
What frequency range is most problematic for vibration that affects the human body?
Which tool type is likely to produce vibrations associated with Vibratory-induced White Finger (VWF) Syndrome?
Which tool type is likely to produce vibrations associated with Vibratory-induced White Finger (VWF) Syndrome?
What is one health impact of continuous vibration exposure for aircraft maintenance workers?
What is one health impact of continuous vibration exposure for aircraft maintenance workers?
What purpose do kidney belts serve for maintenance staff working near low-frequency vibration sources?
What purpose do kidney belts serve for maintenance staff working near low-frequency vibration sources?
What is a common symptom associated with frequent use of tools that generate vibration within the troublesome frequency range?
What is a common symptom associated with frequent use of tools that generate vibration within the troublesome frequency range?
Which of the following is a requirement for the working environment according to EASA regulations?
Which of the following is a requirement for the working environment according to EASA regulations?
What temperature-related condition must be maintained in maintenance facilities according to CASA standards?
What temperature-related condition must be maintained in maintenance facilities according to CASA standards?
Which of the following facility requirements is NOT specified by CASA Part 145 Manual of Standards?
Which of the following facility requirements is NOT specified by CASA Part 145 Manual of Standards?
What environmental factor can negatively affect maintenance work according to the guidelines?
What environmental factor can negatively affect maintenance work according to the guidelines?
What is a primary goal of maintaining appropriate facility conditions in aircraft maintenance?
What is a primary goal of maintaining appropriate facility conditions in aircraft maintenance?
Which of the following topics is crucial to cover during a managers’/supervisors’ handover meeting?
Which of the following topics is crucial to cover during a managers’/supervisors’ handover meeting?
What is an essential consideration concerning personnel status during the handover meeting?
What is an essential consideration concerning personnel status during the handover meeting?
Which issue should be highlighted when discussing operational problems in the handover meeting?
Which issue should be highlighted when discussing operational problems in the handover meeting?
What critical factor regarding aircraft should be discussed at the meeting?
What critical factor regarding aircraft should be discussed at the meeting?
Which type of data should be included during the handover for effective task completion?
Which type of data should be included during the handover for effective task completion?
What typically causes slips in task execution?
What typically causes slips in task execution?
Which type of error is primarily associated with memory lapses?
Which type of error is primarily associated with memory lapses?
What accurately represents a mistake in the context of errors?
What accurately represents a mistake in the context of errors?
What distinguishes violations from other types of errors?
What distinguishes violations from other types of errors?
Which of the following is essential for preventing slips from occurring?
Which of the following is essential for preventing slips from occurring?
At which stage do slips primarily occur?
At which stage do slips primarily occur?
What is the main factor that leads to lapses in tasks?
What is the main factor that leads to lapses in tasks?
Which scenario exemplifies a violation?
Which scenario exemplifies a violation?
Which type of behavior relies on established routines or motor programs learned through practice?
Which type of behavior relies on established routines or motor programs learned through practice?
What type of behaviours require a maintenance worker to evaluate information and formulate a plan without an established procedure?
What type of behaviours require a maintenance worker to evaluate information and formulate a plan without an established procedure?
Which example best illustrates rule-based behaviour in aircraft maintenance?
Which example best illustrates rule-based behaviour in aircraft maintenance?
In which scenario is knowledge-based behaviour most likely to be used?
In which scenario is knowledge-based behaviour most likely to be used?
Which of the following accurately defines skill-based behaviour?
Which of the following accurately defines skill-based behaviour?
What distinguishes a violation from an error in aviation maintenance?
What distinguishes a violation from an error in aviation maintenance?
Which type of violation is characterized by pressure or workload affecting decision-making?
Which type of violation is characterized by pressure or workload affecting decision-making?
What factor increases the likelihood of violations occurring in aviation maintenance?
What factor increases the likelihood of violations occurring in aviation maintenance?
How do individuals typically assess the decision to violate safety protocols?
How do individuals typically assess the decision to violate safety protocols?
Which of the following best describes exceptional violations?
Which of the following best describes exceptional violations?
What is a likely outcome of the traditional method of investigating errors by focusing on the employee?
What is a likely outcome of the traditional method of investigating errors by focusing on the employee?
Which principle is NOT part of the MEDA philosophy in error investigation?
Which principle is NOT part of the MEDA philosophy in error investigation?
How does the 'blame and train' cycle affect future error prevention?
How does the 'blame and train' cycle affect future error prevention?
What is a major drawback of retraining employees after an error occurs?
What is a major drawback of retraining employees after an error occurs?
What is the significance of understanding that no error exists in isolation?
What is the significance of understanding that no error exists in isolation?
What is a key characteristic of a just culture in an organization?
What is a key characteristic of a just culture in an organization?
In a just culture, what happens when an employee makes an honest mistake?
In a just culture, what happens when an employee makes an honest mistake?
How does an organization differentiate between honest mistakes and violations?
How does an organization differentiate between honest mistakes and violations?
What is the responsibility of employees when they act outside their employer's expectations?
What is the responsibility of employees when they act outside their employer's expectations?
What does a no-blame culture imply within the context of a just culture?
What does a no-blame culture imply within the context of a just culture?
Flashcards
Human Error in Accidents
Human Error in Accidents
A significant portion (approximately 80%) of airplane accidents are attributed to human error by pilots, air traffic controllers, and mechanics.
Maintenance Failures and Accidents
Maintenance Failures and Accidents
Approximately 80% of maintenance failures are linked to human factors, potentially leading to accidents.
Historical Accident Data (1959-1983)
Historical Accident Data (1959-1983)
Studies of major worldwide accidents between 1959 and 1983 indicated that maintenance and inspection issues accounted for approximately 12% of the accidents analyzed.
Early Flight Accidents
Early Flight Accidents
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Human Factors in Maintenance
Human Factors in Maintenance
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Incorrect Bolt Selection
Incorrect Bolt Selection
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Human Factors Error
Human Factors Error
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Perceptual Errors
Perceptual Errors
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Uncommanded Roll
Uncommanded Roll
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Maintenance Procedure Error
Maintenance Procedure Error
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Incomplete Procedure
Incomplete Procedure
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Poor Lighting
Poor Lighting
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Shift Handover
Shift Handover
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Common Aircraft Maintenance Errors
Common Aircraft Maintenance Errors
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Human Performance Deficiencies
Human Performance Deficiencies
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Preventable Accidents
Preventable Accidents
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Importance of Procedure Adherence
Importance of Procedure Adherence
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Clear Documentation is Important
Clear Documentation is Important
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Potential Hazards in Maintenance
Potential Hazards in Maintenance
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Consequences of Distractions
Consequences of Distractions
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Improving Standards Post-Incident
Improving Standards Post-Incident
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Murphy-proofing
Murphy-proofing
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Constructive Worrying
Constructive Worrying
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Complacency in Maintenance
Complacency in Maintenance
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Human Error Patterns
Human Error Patterns
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Design & Organizational Pressure
Design & Organizational Pressure
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Experienced Personnel & Accidents
Experienced Personnel & Accidents
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Proactive Improvement
Proactive Improvement
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Maintenance Environment Impact
Maintenance Environment Impact
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Error Chain
Error Chain
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Breaking the Error Chain
Breaking the Error Chain
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Swiss Cheese Model
Swiss Cheese Model
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Barriers of Defence
Barriers of Defence
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Holes in Swiss Cheese
Holes in Swiss Cheese
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Align the Holes
Align the Holes
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Incident vs. Accident
Incident vs. Accident
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Preventing Accidents
Preventing Accidents
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What is the effect of noise on hearing?
What is the effect of noise on hearing?
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What are the types of noise effects?
What are the types of noise effects?
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Noise levels
Noise levels
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Frequency range of human hearing
Frequency range of human hearing
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What is the relationship between noise and performance?
What is the relationship between noise and performance?
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Hearing Sensitivity
Hearing Sensitivity
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Ambient Lighting
Ambient Lighting
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Task Lighting
Task Lighting
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What is human factors in aircraft maintenance?
What is human factors in aircraft maintenance?
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Why study human factors?
Why study human factors?
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CRM training
CRM training
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Human factors in maintenance vs. CRM
Human factors in maintenance vs. CRM
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What are some factors affecting maintenance performance?
What are some factors affecting maintenance performance?
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Why are procedures important in maintenance?
Why are procedures important in maintenance?
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How can we prevent accidents?
How can we prevent accidents?
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What does 'Murphy-proofing' mean?
What does 'Murphy-proofing' mean?
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Human Reliability
Human Reliability
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Procedures in Maintenance
Procedures in Maintenance
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Impact of Environment on Performance
Impact of Environment on Performance
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SHELL Model
SHELL Model
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Liveware
Liveware
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Interface in SHELL Model
Interface in SHELL Model
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Software (SHELL)
Software (SHELL)
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Hardware (SHELL)
Hardware (SHELL)
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Environment (SHELL)
Environment (SHELL)
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Murphy's Law
Murphy's Law
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Complacency
Complacency
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Human Factors
Human Factors
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Making Human Factors Relevant
Making Human Factors Relevant
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Recurrent Error Patterns
Recurrent Error Patterns
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Human Limitations
Human Limitations
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Nighttime Inspections
Nighttime Inspections
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Best People, Worst Mistakes
Best People, Worst Mistakes
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Business Risk Process
Business Risk Process
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Why is AME important in the aircraft maintenance system?
Why is AME important in the aircraft maintenance system?
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What are some limitations that AME's face?
What are some limitations that AME's face?
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Human factors are crucial for aircraft safety.
Human factors are crucial for aircraft safety.
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How can we improve AME performance?
How can we improve AME performance?
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What is the impact of social and emotional factors on AME's?
What is the impact of social and emotional factors on AME's?
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Visual Acuity
Visual Acuity
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Factors Affecting Visual Acuity
Factors Affecting Visual Acuity
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Physical Factors Affecting Sight
Physical Factors Affecting Sight
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Environmental Factors Affecting Sight
Environmental Factors Affecting Sight
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Nature of the Object Affecting Sight
Nature of the Object Affecting Sight
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Long sightedness
Long sightedness
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Short sightedness
Short sightedness
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Presbyopia
Presbyopia
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Cataracts
Cataracts
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Astigmatism
Astigmatism
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Why is ambient light important in aircraft maintenance?
Why is ambient light important in aircraft maintenance?
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Movement and Vibration
Movement and Vibration
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Color Vision Deficiency
Color Vision Deficiency
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Color Vision Changes with Age
Color Vision Changes with Age
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Central Vision at Night
Central Vision at Night
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Night Myopia
Night Myopia
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Parallax Error
Parallax Error
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Substances Affecting Eyesight
Substances Affecting Eyesight
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Vision for Aircraft Maintenance
Vision for Aircraft Maintenance
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Importance of Adequate Lighting
Importance of Adequate Lighting
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Recognizing Vision Impairment
Recognizing Vision Impairment
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Audible Frequency Range
Audible Frequency Range
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Sound Intensity
Sound Intensity
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Noise Effects
Noise Effects
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Hearing Loss
Hearing Loss
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Tinnitus
Tinnitus
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Cochlea Damage
Cochlea Damage
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Presbycusis
Presbycusis
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Noise Reduction with Hearing Protection
Noise Reduction with Hearing Protection
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Hearing Protection Use
Hearing Protection Use
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Hearing Damage Myth
Hearing Damage Myth
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Environmental Impact on Sight
Environmental Impact on Sight
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Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory
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Iconic Memory
Iconic Memory
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Echoic Memory
Echoic Memory
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Why Sensory Memory Matters
Why Sensory Memory Matters
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Sensory Memory Limitations
Sensory Memory Limitations
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Selective Attention
Selective Attention
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Divided Attention
Divided Attention
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Focused Attention
Focused Attention
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Sustained Attention
Sustained Attention
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What factors influence attention?
What factors influence attention?
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Perception
Perception
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What is a distraction?
What is a distraction?
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How does arousal affect attention?
How does arousal affect attention?
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Situational Awareness
Situational Awareness
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Decision-Making
Decision-Making
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Human Factors in Decision-Making
Human Factors in Decision-Making
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Productive Failure
Productive Failure
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Expectation Bias
Expectation Bias
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Perceptual Deception
Perceptual Deception
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Memory Limitations
Memory Limitations
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Short-Term Memory Interference
Short-Term Memory Interference
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Relying on Memory in Maintenance
Relying on Memory in Maintenance
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Context in Perception
Context in Perception
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Visual Illusions
Visual Illusions
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Importance of Approved Data
Importance of Approved Data
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Combatting Complacency
Combatting Complacency
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Memory Processes
Memory Processes
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Ultra-Short-Term Memory
Ultra-Short-Term Memory
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Short-Term Memory
Short-Term Memory
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Long-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
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What is Long-Term Memory used for?
What is Long-Term Memory used for?
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What is the capacity of Long-Term Memory?
What is the capacity of Long-Term Memory?
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What are the main types of Memory?
What are the main types of Memory?
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What are Sensory Stores?
What are Sensory Stores?
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Semantic Memory
Semantic Memory
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Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory
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Motor Programs
Motor Programs
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What are the components of situational awareness?
What are the components of situational awareness?
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What is a mental model?
What is a mental model?
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What is the role of feedback in situational awareness?
What is the role of feedback in situational awareness?
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Human Information Processing Limits
Human Information Processing Limits
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Attention and Perception Deficiencies
Attention and Perception Deficiencies
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What are examples of human information processing limits?
What are examples of human information processing limits?
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What is the impact of noise on performance?
What is the impact of noise on performance?
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What is the relationship between noise and communication?
What is the relationship between noise and communication?
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What is the impact of light on visual acuity?
What is the impact of light on visual acuity?
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Accountable Manager
Accountable Manager
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Responsible Manager
Responsible Manager
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Individual Responsibility
Individual Responsibility
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Team Responsibility
Team Responsibility
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AME (Aircraft Maintenance Engineer)
AME (Aircraft Maintenance Engineer)
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Group Responsibility
Group Responsibility
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Diffusion of Responsibility
Diffusion of Responsibility
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Intergroup Conflict
Intergroup Conflict
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Group Polarization
Group Polarization
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Social Loafing
Social Loafing
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What factors impact maintenance performance?
What factors impact maintenance performance?
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What are some benefits of clear procedures?
What are some benefits of clear procedures?
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Internal Motivation
Internal Motivation
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External Motivation
External Motivation
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Counterproductive Motivation
Counterproductive Motivation
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Which Motivation is More Effective?
Which Motivation is More Effective?
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Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Intrinsic vs. External Motivation
Intrinsic vs. External Motivation
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Lower-level Needs
Lower-level Needs
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Higher-level Needs
Higher-level Needs
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Impact of Fatigue
Impact of Fatigue
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Motivated Person
Motivated Person
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De-motivated Person
De-motivated Person
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What are the characteristics of a motivated person?
What are the characteristics of a motivated person?
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Why is it important to understand the characteristics of a de-motivated person?
Why is it important to understand the characteristics of a de-motivated person?
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How can we encourage motivation in the workplace?
How can we encourage motivation in the workplace?
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Fit for Work
Fit for Work
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AME Offence
AME Offence
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Self-Assessment
Self-Assessment
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Supervisor's Role
Supervisor's Role
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EASA Part 66
EASA Part 66
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Balanced Diet for AMEs
Balanced Diet for AMEs
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Exercise for AMEs
Exercise for AMEs
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AME Sleep
AME Sleep
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Smoking Effects on AMEs
Smoking Effects on AMEs
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Alcohol Impact on AMEs
Alcohol Impact on AMEs
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Sleep Stages
Sleep Stages
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Why We Sleep
Why We Sleep
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Sleep Deprivation
Sleep Deprivation
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Brain Activity During Sleep
Brain Activity During Sleep
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Circadian Rhythms
Circadian Rhythms
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What influences circadian rhythms?
What influences circadian rhythms?
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What is 'jet lag' scientifically?
What is 'jet lag' scientifically?
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How reliable is body temperature rhythm?
How reliable is body temperature rhythm?
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What's the link between body temperature and alertness?
What's the link between body temperature and alertness?
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CASR Part 99
CASR Part 99
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DAMP Program
DAMP Program
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Drug and Alcohol Education Program
Drug and Alcohol Education Program
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Drug and Alcohol Testing Program
Drug and Alcohol Testing Program
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Drug and Alcohol Response Program
Drug and Alcohol Response Program
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EASA Part-145 AMC 145.25(c)
EASA Part-145 AMC 145.25(c)
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EASA Part-145 AMC 145.25(c) requirement for line maintenance
EASA Part-145 AMC 145.25(c) requirement for line maintenance
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What happens when the work environment is unsuitable for maintenance?
What happens when the work environment is unsuitable for maintenance?
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Environmental factors affecting maintenance
Environmental factors affecting maintenance
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Why is a distraction-free environment important for maintenance?
Why is a distraction-free environment important for maintenance?
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Vibration in Aircraft Maintenance
Vibration in Aircraft Maintenance
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Vibration Frequency Range
Vibration Frequency Range
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Vibratory White Finger (VWF) Syndrome
Vibratory White Finger (VWF) Syndrome
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Kidney Belts for Engine Running
Kidney Belts for Engine Running
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Importance of Vision in Aircraft Maintenance
Importance of Vision in Aircraft Maintenance
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Work Environment Impact
Work Environment Impact
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Facility Requirements
Facility Requirements
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Contamination Prevention
Contamination Prevention
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Temperature Control
Temperature Control
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Noise Reduction
Noise Reduction
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What is the purpose of a handover meeting?
What is the purpose of a handover meeting?
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What are some key topics discussed in handover meetings?
What are some key topics discussed in handover meetings?
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Why is it important to discuss aircraft status in a handover meeting?
Why is it important to discuss aircraft status in a handover meeting?
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Why are personnel issues discussed in handover meetings?
Why are personnel issues discussed in handover meetings?
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What types of data are shared in handover meetings?
What types of data are shared in handover meetings?
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Slips
Slips
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Lapses
Lapses
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Mistakes
Mistakes
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Misperceptions
Misperceptions
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Violations
Violations
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What's the difference between a slip and a mistake?
What's the difference between a slip and a mistake?
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Why are procedural violations a potential hazard?
Why are procedural violations a potential hazard?
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How can we prevent misperceptions in maintenance?
How can we prevent misperceptions in maintenance?
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Skill-based behavior
Skill-based behavior
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Rule-based behavior
Rule-based behavior
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Knowledge-based behavior
Knowledge-based behavior
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What are the 3 types of behaviors in AME?
What are the 3 types of behaviors in AME?
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Why is understanding AME behaviors important for safety?
Why is understanding AME behaviors important for safety?
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Violation in Maintenance
Violation in Maintenance
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Types of Violations
Types of Violations
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Risks vs. Benefits
Risks vs. Benefits
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Time Pressure and Violations
Time Pressure and Violations
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Safety Undermining
Safety Undermining
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MEDA Philosophy
MEDA Philosophy
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Positive Employee Intent
Positive Employee Intent
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Manageability of Errors
Manageability of Errors
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'Blame and Train' Cycle
'Blame and Train' Cycle
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Multiple Contributing Factors
Multiple Contributing Factors
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Just Culture
Just Culture
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Liability for Honest Mistakes
Liability for Honest Mistakes
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Liability for Violations
Liability for Violations
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Just Culture vs. No-Blame Culture
Just Culture vs. No-Blame Culture
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Study Notes
Module 09: Human Factors
- This module covers human factors in the context of aircraft maintenance, including basic knowledge levels (1, 2, and 3) for Category B1 and B2 licences.
- Level 1 knowledge involves familiarity with basic subject elements and simple descriptions.
- Level 2 knowledge involves general understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of a subject and its application.
- Level 3 knowledge involves a detailed understanding of the subject and its logical interrelationships with other subjects, advanced descriptions and the application of knowledge using manufacturer's instructions and measurements.
- Human error and incidents are responsible for 80% of accidents, 20% are machine related failures.
- Human factors consider the interaction amongst maintenance personnel, equipment, procedures, rules, and environmental conditions in the workplace.
- The SHELL Model is a framework to clarify the interactions in a complex environment
- The SHELL elements are: Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware, and Liveware (which is at the centre of the model)
- The 'Swiss Cheese' Model is another framework that demonstrates how layered defences between hazards and accidents can be breached to cause accidents.
- Murphy's Law states: If something can go wrong, it will.
- The 'Murphy-proofing' is a strategy to avoid problems in situations that are likely to occur in a certain way.
- 'Constructive worrying' is used in the workplace to mitigate complacency; keeping a mindset that bad things can go wrong and preventing them.
- Human errors in aircraft maintenance are not random. Patterns are apparent in errors.
- Strategies for managing errors include looking at management, the workplace, the task, the team, and the individual.
- Vision and hearing are crucial to workplace performance, and suitable equipment should be used.
- Factors that affect clarity of vision include age, environmental factors, and the physical attributes of the object viewed.
- Airborne particles like dust can affect vision or reduce clarity.
- Ingestion of foreign substances such as alcohol, drugs and medications can adversely affect eyesight.
- Hearing can also be affected by noise levels and prolonged exposure.
- Information processing and attention/perception are important for efficient work.
- The human information processing model shows the process from the senses receiving info to the output of decisions/actions.
- Memory is also an important aspect of the job as there are limitations to short term and long term memory.
- Mistakes, slips, lapses and violations are all part of human error; intentional and non-intentional errors.
- The "just culture" considers the context of human error, and that mistakes don't always reflect a bad person, but rather unsafe conditions.
- The importance of reporting errors, incidents, and near misses to improve safety.
- Procedures and documentation are vital to ensure appropriate safety steps are followed to avoid errors.
- Equipment, work areas, tasks, and safety attire are important aspects of workplace safety.
- Managing risks and problems through various safety management practices including risk assessment.
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