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Questions and Answers
What is the Basic empty weight of an aircraft?
What is the Basic empty weight of an aircraft?
- Weight of the aircraft before takeoff
- Weight of passengers, baggage, and cargo
- Weight of the standard airplane, optional equipment, unusable fuel (correct)
- Weight of usable fuel, flight crew, passengers, and baggage
How is the Maximum landing weight defined?
How is the Maximum landing weight defined?
- Maximum weight before takeoff
- Fuel available in flight
- Maximum weight before landing (correct)
- Maximum weight allowed for ground operation
What is the relationship between Arm and Moment in weight and balance computation?
What is the relationship between Arm and Moment in weight and balance computation?
- Moment is measured in pound-inch and is calculated by multiplying weight by arm length (correct)
- Moment indicates the usable fuel available for flight while Arm measures the weight of passengers
- Arm is expressed in pound-inch, and Moment is the distance from the fulcrum
- Arm is the measurement of the tendency of weight to cause rotation, while Moment is the distance from the reference datum
What does the term Usable fuel refer to in aviation?
What does the term Usable fuel refer to in aviation?
How is CG (Center of Gravity) determined for an object or a group of objects?
How is CG (Center of Gravity) determined for an object or a group of objects?
What is the weight of an aircraft before takeoff known as?
What is the weight of an aircraft before takeoff known as?
In weight and balance computation, which measurements are considered positive for the arm?
In weight and balance computation, which measurements are considered positive for the arm?
What is the formula for calculating moment in weight and balance computation?
What is the formula for calculating moment in weight and balance computation?
What does the term 'Usable fuel' refer to in aviation?
What does the term 'Usable fuel' refer to in aviation?
How is the Maximum takeoff weight defined for an aircraft?
How is the Maximum takeoff weight defined for an aircraft?
Why is it crucial for the Center of Gravity (CG) to be ahead of the Center of Lift in an aircraft?
Why is it crucial for the Center of Gravity (CG) to be ahead of the Center of Lift in an aircraft?
What are the consequences of an aircraft being too far forward (nose heavy) in terms of CG position?
What are the consequences of an aircraft being too far forward (nose heavy) in terms of CG position?
Why is it challenging to recover from a stall when an aircraft is too far aft (tail heavy) in terms of CG position?
Why is it challenging to recover from a stall when an aircraft is too far aft (tail heavy) in terms of CG position?
In weight and balance computation, what is the purpose of the Reference Datum in an aircraft?
In weight and balance computation, what is the purpose of the Reference Datum in an aircraft?
How does having an overweight aircraft impact its performance during takeoff and landing?
How does having an overweight aircraft impact its performance during takeoff and landing?
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Study Notes
Weight and Balance in Aircraft
- Weight is defined as the force from Earth's gravitational pull on the aircraft's total load, including the aircraft itself, crew, passengers, fuel, and baggage.
Importance of Weight
- Directly influences aircraft performance and operational safety, necessitating careful management.
Consequences of Overweight Aircraft
- Increases takeoff and landing roll distances.
- Requires higher takeoff speeds.
- Reduces angle and rate of climb.
- Decreases cruising speed and overall range.
- Elevates stalling speed, making the aircraft less stable.
Importance of Computing Balance
- Balance involves not only the total weight but also the distribution of that weight within the aircraft.
Center of Gravity (CG)
- CG is the imaginary point where an aircraft would balance if suspended.
- For stability, CG should be positioned ahead of the Center of Lift.
- A balanced CG location typically ranges from 31 to 37 inches from the designated reference datum.
Effects of CG Position on Handling
-
Forward CG (Nose Heavy):
- May result in lack of elevator authority, especially during landing flare.
- Increases drag and requires a higher angle of attack.
-
Aft CG (Tail Heavy):
- Leads to an unstable aircraft, increasing difficulty in recovering from a stall.
Key Terms
- Center of Gravity (CG): The focal point where an aircraft's weight is effectively concentrated.
- Reference Datum: An imaginary vertical plane that serves as the baseline for measuring all horizontal distances on the aircraft.
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