10 Questions
What is the stress defined as pull and is the stress of stretching an object?
Shear stress
In an aircraft structure, which stress is exerted when two pieces of fastened material tend to separate?
Shear stress
Which component generates the lifting force needed for flight in an aircraft?
Wing
What is the tail end of an aircraft that helps with stability using assistance from the rudder and elevator called?
Empennage
Which flight control component controls movement about the longitudinal axis of an aircraft?
Primary ailerons
What is the purpose of SPOILERS on an aircraft?
Reduce drag by controlling lift
Which material is predominantly used in the body of the Boeing 787?
Carbon laminate composite
What percentage of composites are used in the Airbus A350 wings?
53%
Which aircraft uses alloys like Al/Al-Li and steel in its construction?
Airbus A350
What are SLATS on an aircraft primarily used for?
Increasing lift at low speeds
Study Notes
Aircraft Components
- Wings consist of flaps, slats, and spoilers, which are high-lift devices used to increase lift during takeoff and landing
- Flaps are hinged panels on the trailing edge of the wing, while slats are extendable high-lift devices on the leading edge
- Spoilers intentionally reduce lift to control airflow
Materials Used in Aviation
- Materials used in the 787 body:
- Carbon sandwich composite
- Fiberglass
- Aluminum
- Carbon laminate composite
- Composition of 787 body:
- 50% composites
- 20% aluminum
- 10% steel
- 5% titanium
- 15% miscellaneous
- Airbus A350 composition:
- 19% Al/Al-Li
- 6% steel
- 53% CFRP (composites)
- 22% others
Aircraft Stresses
- Torsion: twisting force, e.g., engine crankshaft while running
- Shear: pulling apart, e.g., two fastened materials tend to separate
- Bending: combination of tension and compression
- Compression: forces acting towards each other, squeezing material
Aircraft Components and Functions
- Engine: includes engine and propeller, necessary for aircraft function
- Fuselage: main structure, providing space for personnel, cargo, controls, and accessories
- Wing: generates lifting force, also known as foils
- Empennage: tail end, helps with stability, assisted by rudder and elevator
- Landing Gear: includes wheels and shock absorbers
Flight Controls
- Primary Controls:
- Ailerons: control movement about the longitudinal axis
- Rudder: controls rotation about the vertical axis
- Elevator: controls movement about the lateral axis
Test your knowledge on the structural components and major stresses in aircraft. Learn about torsion, tension, shear, bending, and compression in aircraft structures.
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