Air Transport Safety Standards Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What should be the primary focus of conversations during a critical phase of flight?

  • Safe operation of the aircraft (correct)
  • Casual conversations to boost morale
  • Planning future routes
  • Discussions about personal matters

    • Which of the following describes the minimum requirements for a landing zone?

  • Illuminated and with ground obstacles present
  • Secured and free of debris (correct)
  • At least 50 yards wide and free of overhead obstructions
  • Level but with surrounding high structures

    • What is a significant safety measure regarding laser strikes against aircraft?

  • Laser strikes are not a concern for pilots
  • Penalties for laser strikes are non-existent
  • Only specific types of lasers are reported
  • High powered lasers can incapacitate pilots (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a requirement for surface vehicle communications equipment?

    <p>Direct communication with all patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the driver of an ambulance to fulfill their role effectively?

    <p>Certification as an EMT and 2 years of driving experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum flight time requirement for a pilot to serve as Pilot in Command (PIC)?

    <p>2000 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many flight-ready pilots are required for one aircraft operating 24/7?

    <p>4 pilots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of flight hours a pilot can operate in one day?

    <p>8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulation outlines that a pilot may not move the aircraft unless each person has secured their safety belt?

    <p>14 CFR 91.107</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required force needed to restrain a child weighing 25 lbs at a speed of 35 mph?

    <p>875 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the dispatch information contain regarding the flight request?

    <p>No information about the incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition are ambulance personnel allowed to not be seat belted when the ambulance is in motion?

    <p>If there is an emergent patient condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a child's safety restraint system to be suitable?

    <p>Child's weight and height in specified range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a 'local flying area' for flight operations?

    <p>Geographically or manmade features defined by the certificate holder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PAVE checklist stand for?

    <p>Pilot, Aircraft, Environment, External pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a chief cause of accidents in missions?

    <p>Pushing weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowed time on the ground without communication for a surface transport?

    <p>45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of FOD in the context of airport operations?

    <p>Foreign Object Debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the VFR weather minimums for daytime visibility?

    <p>1 mile visibility, 500 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of accidental contact with IIMC, what is a frequent cause of subsequent accidents?

    <p>Inability to regain control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective Crew Resource Management emphasize?

    <p>Team member awareness of operational safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for initiating appropriate search and rescue efforts?

    <p>Regular maintenance checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quote emphasizes better judgment over superior skill in aviation?

    <p>Orville Wright: 'What is needed is better judgement rather than better skill.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should rotor position checks be conducted?

    <p>Every 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CAMTS

    • Accrediting body for flight and ground transport programs.
    • Performs audits and site surveys.
    • Standards include:
      • 4 flight-ready pilots for 1 aircraft operating 24/7.
      • Pilots must have 2000 flight hours, 1000 as PIC, 100 at night.

    FAR Part 135: “Air Taxi”

    • Applies to all flights conducted for compensation.
    • PIC is ultimate authority.
    • Maximum 14-hour day for pilots.
    • Max 8 hours flight time in one day.
    • 8 hours “bottle to throttle”.
    • Passengers must be provided safety briefing.

    Local Area vs. Cross Country

    • “Local flying area” must be well defined.
    • Cross country flights are those outside of the local area.

    Child Restraint Systems

    • (Pt weight in pounds) x speed = force needed to restrain.
    • National Association of State EMS Officials has an approved list of available restraint devices.
    • Ensure that child’s weight and height are both in the specified range for the device.

    Surface Transport Safety Belts

    • Ambulance personnel must be seat belted when the ambulance is in motion.
    • Side facing bench seats are not recommended.

    Dispatching Flight Requests

    • The dispatch information should contain NO information about the type of incident, patient, or acuity.

    Mission Safety Decisions

    • “Three to go, one to say no”.
    • Pushing weather is one of the chief causes of accidents.
    • "Put your manager hat on".

    Risk Assessment Tools

    • PAVE Checklist:
      • Pilot
      • Aircraft
      • enVironment
      • External pressures

    Flight Following & Operational Control

    • Satellite tracking systems strongly recommended
    • Rotor: 15-minute position checks.
    • Surface: Time must not exceed 45 minutes while on ground without communication.

    Post-Accident Incident Plan (PAIP)

    • Transport-tracking protocol requires PAIP.

    Walk Arounds

    • “FOD”: Foreign Object Debris

    VFR and IFR

    • VFR: maintain aircraft control by visual cues.
    • 14 CFR 91.155: VFR weather minimums
      • Day: 1 mile visibility, 500 feet.
      • Night: 3 miles visibility, 500 feet.

    Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IIMC)

    • Pilot unprepared by the loss of visual reference.

    Ground Transport Risk Management

    • Ground transport can be just as risky as flight.

    Crew Resource Management

    • “A team member’s awareness of how their action or inaction affects the safe operation of the flight.”
    • “A superior pilot uses his or her superior judgement to avoid situations requiring his or her superior skill.”
    • "SEE IT.SAY IT.FIX IT.”

    CRM Tenants

    • Leveling of hierarchies when safety concerns arise.
    • Agreement on near-term objectives.
    • Consideration of all available options.
    • Workload management/delegation.
    • Monitor and evaluate results.

    Critical Phases of Flight

    • Takeoff and landing.
    • Refueling.
    • Taxi.
    • Traveling through busy/controlled airspace.

    FAR 121.542/135.100 – Sterile Cockpit

    • No crew member may engage in any activity during a critical phase of flight that could interfere with proper conduct of flight duties.

    Laser Strikes

    • 2021: 9,723 laser strikes.
    • High powered lasers can incapacitate pilots.
    • Penalties of up to $11,000 per violation.

    LANDING ZONE: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

    • Secured, illuminated.
    • Free of overhead and ground obstructions.
    • Free of debris.
    • As level as possible.

    HELICOPTER APPROACH AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

    • Never approach from the rear.
    • Do not travel uphill from aircraft.

    Categories of In-Flight Emergencies

    • Land immediately.
    • Land as soon as possible.
    • Land as soon as practicable.

    Emergency Shut Down Procedures

    • Order of shut down in the event of an emergency:
      • Throttle.
      • Fuel.
      • Battery.
      • Brake (Rotor).

    Night Vision Goggles

    • Enhance operational safety and situation awareness.
    • Increase ability to see obstructions.

    CAMTS: Survival Standards

    • The transport vehicle must be equipped with survival gear.
    • Survival gear must have expiration dates.

    Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT):

    • 406 MHz.
    • 121.5 MHz.

    RADIO SYSTEMS

    • Ultra-High Frequency: Lower range but penetrate barriers well.
    • Very High Frequency: Longer range.
    • Trunked systems (700, 800 mHz).

    SURFACE OPERATIONS

    Ambulance Standards

    • Must meet KKK 1822 standards or state licensure requirements.
    • Adequate interior lighting.
    • Capability of shielding cab from light.
    • Climate between 68º and 78º.
    • Fuel capacity no less than 175 miles.
    • Ground clearance of at least 6” from ground.
    • Able to perform at temps from –30ºF to 122ºF.

    Lights and Sirens

    • Must be equipped with a siren.
    • Must have at least one light capable of displaying a red light.

    Road Hazards/Mechanical Failure

    • Must be minimally equipped with:
      • Flashlight.
      • Road marking device.
      • Tools.
      • Leather gloves.
      • Reflective vests.
      • Equipment with dealing with snow.

    Communications Equipment

    • Radio frequencies must adhere to state EMS radio communication plans.
    • Must have a PA-system with output of 45 watts.
    • There must be means of communication other than a cell phone.

    CAMTS Radio Standards

    • Radio transmissions must be able to transmit to/from:
      • Medical direction.
      • Communication center.
      • Air traffic control and other aircraft.

    Inclement Weather Policy

    • There must be a written policy.

    No More “Ambulance Drivers”

    • The driver must be at a minimum certified as an EMT.
    • The driver must have 2 years of experience.
    • The driver must have completed defensive driving.
    • There must be a “co-pilot”.

    Maintenance Standards

    • Preventative maintenance program required.
    • There must be no evidence of damage penetrating the body.
    • The interior must be kept clean.

    Questions

    • You have sustained a hard landing and the pilot is unconscious. What is the best course of action to take?

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the accreditation and safety regulations related to flight and ground transport programs. This quiz covers key aspects of CAMTS standards, FAR Part 135 regulations, and child restraint systems in transport. Perfect for those in the EMS or aviation field.

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