Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What should be the primary focus of conversations during a critical phase of flight?
Which of the following describes the minimum requirements for a landing zone?
What is a significant safety measure regarding laser strikes against aircraft?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for surface vehicle communications equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required for the driver of an ambulance to fulfill their role effectively?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum flight time requirement for a pilot to serve as Pilot in Command (PIC)?
Signup and view all the answers
How many flight-ready pilots are required for one aircraft operating 24/7?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum number of flight hours a pilot can operate in one day?
Signup and view all the answers
Which regulation outlines that a pilot may not move the aircraft unless each person has secured their safety belt?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the required force needed to restrain a child weighing 25 lbs at a speed of 35 mph?
Signup and view all the answers
What should the dispatch information contain regarding the flight request?
Signup and view all the answers
Under what condition are ambulance personnel allowed to not be seat belted when the ambulance is in motion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required for a child's safety restraint system to be suitable?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a 'local flying area' for flight operations?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the PAVE checklist stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered a chief cause of accidents in missions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum allowed time on the ground without communication for a surface transport?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of FOD in the context of airport operations?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the VFR weather minimums for daytime visibility?
Signup and view all the answers
In the event of accidental contact with IIMC, what is a frequent cause of subsequent accidents?
Signup and view all the answers
What does effective Crew Resource Management emphasize?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for initiating appropriate search and rescue efforts?
Signup and view all the answers
Which quote emphasizes better judgment over superior skill in aviation?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should rotor position checks be conducted?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
CAMTS
- Accrediting body for flight and ground transport programs.
- Performs audits and site surveys.
- Standards include:
- 4 flight-ready pilots for 1 aircraft operating 24/7.
- Pilots must have 2000 flight hours, 1000 as PIC, 100 at night.
FAR Part 135: “Air Taxi”
- Applies to all flights conducted for compensation.
- PIC is ultimate authority.
- Maximum 14-hour day for pilots.
- Max 8 hours flight time in one day.
- 8 hours “bottle to throttle”.
- Passengers must be provided safety briefing.
Local Area vs. Cross Country
- “Local flying area” must be well defined.
- Cross country flights are those outside of the local area.
Child Restraint Systems
- (Pt weight in pounds) x speed = force needed to restrain.
- National Association of State EMS Officials has an approved list of available restraint devices.
- Ensure that child’s weight and height are both in the specified range for the device.
Surface Transport Safety Belts
- Ambulance personnel must be seat belted when the ambulance is in motion.
- Side facing bench seats are not recommended.
Dispatching Flight Requests
- The dispatch information should contain NO information about the type of incident, patient, or acuity.
Mission Safety Decisions
- “Three to go, one to say no”.
- Pushing weather is one of the chief causes of accidents.
- "Put your manager hat on".
Risk Assessment Tools
- PAVE Checklist:
- Pilot
- Aircraft
- enVironment
- External pressures
Flight Following & Operational Control
- Satellite tracking systems strongly recommended
- Rotor: 15-minute position checks.
- Surface: Time must not exceed 45 minutes while on ground without communication.
Post-Accident Incident Plan (PAIP)
- Transport-tracking protocol requires PAIP.
Walk Arounds
- “FOD”: Foreign Object Debris
VFR and IFR
- VFR: maintain aircraft control by visual cues.
- 14 CFR 91.155: VFR weather minimums
- Day: 1 mile visibility, 500 feet.
- Night: 3 miles visibility, 500 feet.
Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IIMC)
- Pilot unprepared by the loss of visual reference.
Ground Transport Risk Management
- Ground transport can be just as risky as flight.
Crew Resource Management
- “A team member’s awareness of how their action or inaction affects the safe operation of the flight.”
- “A superior pilot uses his or her superior judgement to avoid situations requiring his or her superior skill.”
- "SEE IT.SAY IT.FIX IT.”
CRM Tenants
- Leveling of hierarchies when safety concerns arise.
- Agreement on near-term objectives.
- Consideration of all available options.
- Workload management/delegation.
- Monitor and evaluate results.
Critical Phases of Flight
- Takeoff and landing.
- Refueling.
- Taxi.
- Traveling through busy/controlled airspace.
FAR 121.542/135.100 – Sterile Cockpit
- No crew member may engage in any activity during a critical phase of flight that could interfere with proper conduct of flight duties.
Laser Strikes
- 2021: 9,723 laser strikes.
- High powered lasers can incapacitate pilots.
- Penalties of up to $11,000 per violation.
LANDING ZONE: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
- Secured, illuminated.
- Free of overhead and ground obstructions.
- Free of debris.
- As level as possible.
HELICOPTER APPROACH AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
- Never approach from the rear.
- Do not travel uphill from aircraft.
Categories of In-Flight Emergencies
- Land immediately.
- Land as soon as possible.
- Land as soon as practicable.
Emergency Shut Down Procedures
- Order of shut down in the event of an emergency:
- Throttle.
- Fuel.
- Battery.
- Brake (Rotor).
Night Vision Goggles
- Enhance operational safety and situation awareness.
- Increase ability to see obstructions.
CAMTS: Survival Standards
- The transport vehicle must be equipped with survival gear.
- Survival gear must have expiration dates.
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT):
- 406 MHz.
- 121.5 MHz.
RADIO SYSTEMS
- Ultra-High Frequency: Lower range but penetrate barriers well.
- Very High Frequency: Longer range.
- Trunked systems (700, 800 mHz).
SURFACE OPERATIONS
Ambulance Standards
- Must meet KKK 1822 standards or state licensure requirements.
- Adequate interior lighting.
- Capability of shielding cab from light.
- Climate between 68º and 78º.
- Fuel capacity no less than 175 miles.
- Ground clearance of at least 6” from ground.
- Able to perform at temps from –30ºF to 122ºF.
Lights and Sirens
- Must be equipped with a siren.
- Must have at least one light capable of displaying a red light.
Road Hazards/Mechanical Failure
- Must be minimally equipped with:
- Flashlight.
- Road marking device.
- Tools.
- Leather gloves.
- Reflective vests.
- Equipment with dealing with snow.
Communications Equipment
- Radio frequencies must adhere to state EMS radio communication plans.
- Must have a PA-system with output of 45 watts.
- There must be means of communication other than a cell phone.
CAMTS Radio Standards
- Radio transmissions must be able to transmit to/from:
- Medical direction.
- Communication center.
- Air traffic control and other aircraft.
Inclement Weather Policy
- There must be a written policy.
No More “Ambulance Drivers”
- The driver must be at a minimum certified as an EMT.
- The driver must have 2 years of experience.
- The driver must have completed defensive driving.
- There must be a “co-pilot”.
Maintenance Standards
- Preventative maintenance program required.
- There must be no evidence of damage penetrating the body.
- The interior must be kept clean.
Questions
- You have sustained a hard landing and the pilot is unconscious. What is the best course of action to take?
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the accreditation and safety regulations related to flight and ground transport programs. This quiz covers key aspects of CAMTS standards, FAR Part 135 regulations, and child restraint systems in transport. Perfect for those in the EMS or aviation field.
