Questions and Answers
What would be the most noticeable difference if you could see all the air molecules in the air?
The air molecules would be crowded together.
What is the purpose of the stretched-out neck on the jar?
To trap air molecules inside the jar.
What is the purpose of the purple dashed line?
To identify an equivalent volume of air outside the jar.
What is happening in the purple dashed line?
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What is the relationship between collisions and air pressure?
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What is the measured air pressure in the atmosphere?
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What would be the pressure inside the jar if it was sealed?
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What can be compared using the purple dashed line and the jar?
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What percentage of air is oxygen?
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What happens to the pressure inside the jar when the floor is dropped and the volume increases?
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Why do people sometimes refer to the new pressure of 757 as negative pressure or a vacuum?
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What happens when the door of the jar is opened?
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What is the net result of molecules moving in and out of the jar when the door is opened?
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Why do the molecules in the jar not bump into each other as much when the volume increases?
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What happens to the air molecules that move into the jar?
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What is the result of the decrease in collisions between molecules when the volume increases?
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What is the primary reason for the decrease in pressure when the floor of the jar is dropped?
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What happens to the pressure inside the jar when the floor size is decreased?
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What is the main reason for the pressure increase inside the jar when the floor size is decreased?
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What happens to the air molecules when the jar is opened?
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Why do the air molecules move out of the jar when it is opened?
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What is the final pressure inside the jar after the molecules have moved out?
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Why does the pressure inside the jar decrease after molecules move out?
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What term is used to describe the pressure of 763 millimeters of mercury inside the jar?
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What happens to the air molecules when the floor size is increased?
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What is the reason for the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the jar?
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What is the condition for the pressure to be equalized between the inside and outside of the jar?
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What is the term used to describe the process of air moving into the lungs?
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What is the shape that the opening changes into to represent the human body?
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What happens to the volume of the lungs when air moves in?
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What is the term used to describe the process of air moving out of the lungs?
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What is represented by the cardiac notch?
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What happens to the pressure when the volume of the lungs changes?
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What is the process called when the volume of the lungs increases?
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What is the overall process that occurs with every breath?
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Study Notes
Air Molecules and Pressure
- If we could see air molecules, we would see them moving and colliding with each other, contributing to air pressure.
- Air pressure is measured at around 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) in the atmosphere.
Experiment with a Jar
- Imagine a jar with an opening, capturing a certain volume of air molecules.
- The jar has a similar pressure to the atmosphere (760 mmHg) due to the molecules colliding with each other.
- If we expand the jar's volume by dropping the floor, the molecules have more space to move, resulting in fewer collisions and lower pressure (757 mmHg).
Opening the Jar
- When we open the jar, molecules from the atmosphere can enter the jar, increasing the number of molecules inside.
- As more molecules enter, the pressure inside the jar increases due to more collisions.
- The pressure eventually returns to the atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) as the number of collisions equalizes.
Moving the Floor back
- If we move the floor back up, reducing the jar's volume, the pressure inside the jar increases due to more collisions (763 mmHg).
- When we open the jar, molecules move out, reducing the number of molecules inside and eventually returning the pressure to atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg).
Relative Pressure
- Sometimes, relative pressure is referred to as positive or negative pressure, comparing it to atmospheric pressure.
- In absolute terms, the pressure is referred to by its actual value (e.g., 757 mmHg or 763 mmHg).
Connection to Human Lungs
- The experiment with the jar can be compared to the human lungs, with the opening representing the mouth and nose.
- During inhalation, the lungs expand, reducing pressure, and air molecules enter.
- During exhalation, the lungs contract, increasing pressure, and air molecules move out.
- This process of inhalation and exhalation is essential for human respiration.
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Description
Explore the concept of air molecules and how they behave when confined in a jar. Learn about the properties of gases and their behavior in different situations.
