Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the gas that makes up about four-fifths of the air?
What is the name of the gas that makes up about four-fifths of the air?
Nitrogen
What gas do we need to live?
What gas do we need to live?
Oxygen
What gas do we breathe out?
What gas do we breathe out?
Carbon dioxide
What is the layer of air that surrounds the Earth called?
What is the layer of air that surrounds the Earth called?
What is air pollution?
What is air pollution?
Air pollution only occurs outdoors.
Air pollution only occurs outdoors.
Which of these can cause air pollution?
Which of these can cause air pollution?
What are the three states of matter?
What are the three states of matter?
What is the solid state of water called?
What is the solid state of water called?
What is the gas state of water called?
What is the gas state of water called?
What happens to ice when it is heated?
What happens to ice when it is heated?
What happens to water when it is heated enough?
What happens to water when it is heated enough?
What is the gas that is produced when water boils?
What is the gas that is produced when water boils?
What property of a substance describes the temperature at which it melts?
What property of a substance describes the temperature at which it melts?
What property of a substance describes the temperature at which it boils?
What property of a substance describes the temperature at which it boils?
The melting point and boiling point of a substance can change unless the substance itself changes.
The melting point and boiling point of a substance can change unless the substance itself changes.
What is the boiling point of pure water?
What is the boiling point of pure water?
Water always boils at 100°C.
Water always boils at 100°C.
Water expands when it is cooled.
Water expands when it is cooled.
What happens to the particles in a substance when it is heated?
What happens to the particles in a substance when it is heated?
What happens to the particles in a substance when it is cooled?
What happens to the particles in a substance when it is cooled?
What is the process called when a liquid changes into a gas?
What is the process called when a liquid changes into a gas?
What is the gas that water changes into when it evaporates?
What is the gas that water changes into when it evaporates?
Evaporation only happens when we heat water.
Evaporation only happens when we heat water.
What happens to the particles in a liquid when they are heated?
What happens to the particles in a liquid when they are heated?
What happens to the particles in a liquid during evaporation?
What happens to the particles in a liquid during evaporation?
What is the process called when a gas changes into a liquid?
What is the process called when a gas changes into a liquid?
Condensation is the reverse of evaporation.
Condensation is the reverse of evaporation.
What happens to the particles in a gas when they are cooled?
What happens to the particles in a gas when they are cooled?
What is the cycle called that describes the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere?
What is the cycle called that describes the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere?
The water cycle is driven by evaporation and condensation.
The water cycle is driven by evaporation and condensation.
What are rain, snow, and hail collectively called?
What are rain, snow, and hail collectively called?
What happens to sugar when it is added to tea?
What happens to sugar when it is added to tea?
What are solids that can dissolve in a liquid called?
What are solids that can dissolve in a liquid called?
What are solids that cannot dissolve in a liquid called?
What are solids that cannot dissolve in a liquid called?
What is a mixture called when a solid is dissolved in a liquid?
What is a mixture called when a solid is dissolved in a liquid?
What is the solid that is dissolved in a solution called?
What is the solid that is dissolved in a solution called?
What is the liquid that dissolves the solid in a solution called?
What is the liquid that dissolves the solid in a solution called?
A solution is a mixture of a solute and a solvent.
A solution is a mixture of a solute and a solvent.
Water is a good solvent.
Water is a good solvent.
What is water pollution?
What is water pollution?
Polluted water cannot harm plants, animals, or people.
Polluted water cannot harm plants, animals, or people.
Fertilizers can pollute rivers.
Fertilizers can pollute rivers.
Pesticides are used to kill pests such as insects.
Pesticides are used to kill pests such as insects.
Pesticides can only pollute water sources when they are dissolved in rainwater.
Pesticides can only pollute water sources when they are dissolved in rainwater.
What are substances that do not dissolve in water called?
What are substances that do not dissolve in water called?
A solution is a mixture where the solute and solvent particles are chemically joined together.
A solution is a mixture where the solute and solvent particles are chemically joined together.
What process can be used to separate a dissolved solute from a solution?
What process can be used to separate a dissolved solute from a solution?
Flashcards
Air Composition
Air Composition
Air is a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Oxygen's Importance
Oxygen's Importance
Oxygen is a gas that humans need to live and breathe.
Air Pollution
Air Pollution
Air pollution happens when harmful substances, like smoke and gases from factories and vehicles, contaminate the air.
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
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States of Matter
States of Matter
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Melting
Melting
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Boiling
Boiling
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Melting Point
Melting Point
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Boiling Point
Boiling Point
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Evaporation
Evaporation
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Condensation
Condensation
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Study Notes
Air
- Air is a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen (about 4/5ths)
- Also contains oxygen (essential for life), carbon dioxide, and water vapor
- The atmosphere surrounds the Earth
- Includes other gases like hydrogen and helium
Air Pollution
- Unclean air is a problem globally
- Pollution sources include factories, power plants, vehicles, and aircraft
- Air pollution is harmful to living things
- Sources such as smoke (cigarettes, cooking), spray cans, and paints contribute indoor and outdoor air pollution
- Air pollution can cause health problems (coughing, dizziness, headaches, breathing problems)
- Cigarette smoke can cause severe lung diseases
Water States
- Matter exists in three states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor)
- Water changes state when heated or cooled
- Melting occurs when a solid becomes a liquid (solid + heat → liquid)
- Boiling occurs when a liquid becomes a gas (liquid + heat → gas)
Melting Point and Boiling Point
- All substances have specific melting and boiling points
- Melting point (solid to liquid) and boiling point (liquid to gas) are substance properties
- Temperature measures the heat in a substance
- Water's melting point is 0°C and boiling point is 100°C (for pure water at standard pressure)
Water Expansion
- Substances expand when heated; particles move faster and spread out.
- Substances contract when cooled; particles move slower and closer together.
Evaporation
- Liquids change to gases when heated, called evaporation
- Particles on the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to transition into a gas state (liquid + heat → gas) This occurs throughout the liquid, not just on its surface
- Evaporation happens constantly around us
Condensation
- Gas particles lose energy when they cool, causing them to come closer together and become a liquid (gas + cool → liquid)
- The reverse process of evaporation
Dissolving and Solutions
- Solids that dissolve in liquids are called soluble.
- Liquids in which solids dissolve are called solvents
- Solutions are mixtures of a solute and a solvent
- Water acts as a universal solvent
Water Pollution
- Pollutants can be dissolved in water; causing harm to plants, animals, and people
- Pollution from factories and farms (fertilizers) are examples
- Water can be polluted from other sources such as waste, oil and plastic
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