Questions and Answers
Who has the statutory authority to establish, operate, and maintain air navigation facilities and to prescribe standards for them?
The FAA
Who manages the satellites?
The Department of Defense
What is an NDB?
Non-directional beacon
How do aircraft locate the station?
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What is the frequency range of an NDB?
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What is it called when an NDB is used in conjunction with an IAP?
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Can voice transmissions be made via an NDB?
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When can voice transmissions not be made?
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What kind of errors occur with an NDB?
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How do we know if we get erroneous indications?
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What does VOR stand for?
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What frequency band does a VOR operate on?
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Can voice be done over a VOR?
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What is the VOR MON?
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What does the MON guarantee?
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What else is guaranteed with MON in regards to airports?
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What is a TACAN?
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What do we get with TACAN?
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What is a VORTAC?
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What is DME?
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What does DME give me?
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What is the operating frequency?
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What is the 123 rule for DME?
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Does standard service volume (SSV) guarantee signal strength and integrity?
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What if a naviad doesn't meet the service signal strength?
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What is an ILS?
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What is the purpose of an ILS?
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What are the basic components of an ILS?
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How do we divide the components of an ILS?
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What is guidance information?
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What is range information?
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What is visual information?
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What can be substituted for the OM?
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What is the localizer?
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What is the full scale deflection at runway threshold?
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What is the SSV?
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How high up is it usable?
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What is an LDA?
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Study Notes
FAA and Navigation Facilities
- The FAA has statutory authority to establish, operate, and maintain air navigation facilities while prescribing standards for them.
- The Department of Defense is responsible for managing satellites used in navigation.
Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)
- An NDB (Non-Directional Beacon) provides navigation signals for aircraft to home or track to the station.
- Frequency range for NDBs is from 190-535 kHz or 190-1750 kHz.
- When used with an Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP), an NDB is referred to as a compass locator.
- Voice transmissions can be made via an NDB unless marked 'W' for without voice.
- Errors such as nighttime, shoreline, and lightning can affect NDB operations.
- Monitoring frequency is essential to ensure correct indications from the NDB.
VHF Omni Directional Range (VOR)
- VOR stands for Very High Frequency Omni Directional Range.
- Operates within the frequency band of 108-117.95 MHz.
- Voice transmission is possible over VOR unless indicated by 'W'.
- The VOR Minimum Operational Network (MON) ensures VOR signal coverage at 5,000 feet AGL across the U.S.
- MON guarantees at least one airport with VOR every 100 nautical miles.
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)
- TACAN stands for Tactical Air Navigation system, providing DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) usage.
- A VORTAC combines civilian VOR with military TACAN functionalities, offering both azimuth and distance information.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
- DME measures slant range distance, estimated time of arrival (ETA), and ground speed.
- Operating frequency for DME is between 960-1215 MHz.
- The "123 rule" for DME allows for 100 aircraft identifications at a time, a 200NM line of sight limit, and a 30-second delay between identifications.
Standard Service Volume (SSV)
- SSV guarantees signal strength and integrity for navigation but does not account for terrain or obstructions.
- If a navigation aid does not meet the SSV requirements, this will be published in NOTAMs.
Instrument Landing System (ILS)
- ILS is designed for providing an exact approach path for aircraft alignment and descent during final approach to a runway.
- Basic components of an ILS include glideslope, localizer, and outer marker (sometimes inner marker).
- Components can be categorized into guidance information (localizer and glide slope), range information (marker beacon, DME), and visual information (runway lights).
- Alternatives for the outer marker include compass locators, PAR (Precision Approach Radar), ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar), DME, and VOR.
Localizer and Glideslope
- The localizer provides horizontal guidance down to the runway.
- Full scale deflection at the runway threshold occurs at 700 feet.
- Standard service volume for ILS ranges is 10 nautical miles out at 35 degrees and 18 nautical miles out at 10 degrees.
- ILS is usable at altitudes of 1,000 to 4,500 feet.
Localizer-type Directional Aid (LDA)
- LDA is similar to a localizer but not part of a complete ILS system and may be up to 30 degrees off centerline.
Glideslope Minimums
- There are no minimum descent height (DH) requirements for glideslopes leading to the runway threshold.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to air navigation with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential definitions and roles, including the FAA and navigation aids such as NDBs. Perfect for aviation students and enthusiasts alike!
