AI systems: Applications and Methods

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Questions and Answers

In the given tree, during the few first steps of searching, ([A], [B A], [D B A] ) can be a part of:

  • Depth-first search Closed structure.
  • a & c
  • a & b (correct)
  • Breadth-first search Closed structure.
  • Backtracking's State List.

In the given tree, the node M is visited only when using:

  • Depth-first search.
  • Standard Backtracking algorithm.
  • Breadth-first search. (correct)
  • All of the mentioned.
  • a & c.

In healthcare, an AI system that assists doctors in diagnosing medical conditions by reasoning through a patient's symptoms and medical history is an example of __________ while Chatbots used in customer service that engage in conversations and provide assistance to customers by mimicking human interactions represent the __________ AI approach.

  • Thinking Rationally / Acting Humanly (correct)
  • Acting Humanly / Thinking Rationally
  • Thinking Rationally / Thinking Humanly
  • Acting Rationally / Thinking Humanly
  • Acting Rationally / Acting Humanly

A self-driving car that learns to navigate by processing data from sensors and cameras is a practical application of __________, while __________ is crucial for analysing and interpreting customer feedback and reviews on social media to gain insights into product satisfaction and market trends.

<p>Machine Learning / Data Mining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with the collection and analysis of large amounts of customer data to personalize marketing strategies and improve customer experiences?

<p>Data Science (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a weather forecasting AI system aims to provide accurate daily temperature predictions, which part of PEAS defines this goal?

<p>Performance Measure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent type are the following: (i) A delivery service using AI that focuses on finding the most cost-effective route to make deliveries, while considering factors like fuel and time. (ii) An AI-driven project management tool that helps users complete tasks and meet deadlines, primarily centring on helping users achieve their project goals efficiently.

<p>Cost-based / Goal-based (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following AI concepts with their real-world applications:

<p>Intelligent Agent = An email spam filter that reacts to immediate patterns in incoming emails. Learning Agent = A self-driving car that considers long-term traffic conditions and route planning. Reflex Agent = A factory robot that operates based on predefined rules for specific tasks. Planning Agent = A virtual assistant that adapts its responses based on user interactions and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a medical diagnosis AI system, which metric should be minimized to ensure that serious illnesses are not missed and that patients receive timely treatment?

<p>False Negatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following machine learning techniques with their descriptions:

<p>Supervised Learning = A method where an AI system learns to predict outcomes based on labelled training data. Unsupervised Learning = Learning without the use of manual labels; the AI system finds patterns and relationships in data. Reinforcement Learning = A technique for making decisions by receiving rewards for actions in a sequence of steps. Ensemble Learning = Combining multiple models to improve overall predictive accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following machine learning tasks with their real-world applications:

<p>Classification = Sorting news articles into categories like sports, politics, and entertainment. Regression = Predicting the price of a house based on its features such as size, location, and number of bedrooms. Dimensionality Reduction = Reducing the complexity of customer data while preserving important customer segments for targeted marketing. Clustering = Grouping customer purchase histories to identify market segments for personalized product recommendations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Intelligent N-Queens Solver's environment is:

<p>Static (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying the Breadth First Search algorithm or the Depth First Search algorithm to this game tree, it is possible to explore a specific node more than once.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the h(N) for the given board is 4, the 4 represents the:

<p>Estimate of the cost from N to the Goal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the g(N) for the given board:

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Backtracking's State List

A structure used to store previous states in backtracking algorithms.

Depth-first search (DFS)

An algorithm that explores as far down a branch as possible before backtracking.

Breadth-first search (BFS)

An algorithm that explores all neighbors at the present depth before moving on.

AI in Healthcare

AI systems assisting physicians in diagnosis through patient data analysis.

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Chatbots

AI systems that simulate human conversation to assist users.

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Machine Learning

A subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data and improve over time.

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Data Mining

The process of discovering patterns and insights from large data sets.

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Performance Measure in PEAS

Criteria that evaluate the success of an AI agent's performance, such as accuracy.

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Cost-based Agent

An AI agent that seeks to minimize costs like time and resources in its decisions.

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Goal-based Agent

An AI agent focused on achieving specific goals or outcomes.

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True Positives

Instances where an AI correctly identifies a positive outcome.

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False Negatives

Instances where an AI fails to identify a positive outcome.

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Supervised Learning

A machine learning approach where models are trained on labeled data.

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Unsupervised Learning

A machine learning approach where models identify patterns in unlabeled data.

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Reinforcement Learning

An algorithmic approach where agents learn through feedback from their actions.

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Intelligent Agent

An entity that perceives its environment and takes actions to maximize its chances of success.

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N-Queens Problem

A problem of placing N queens on an N×N board without mutual attacks.

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Episodic Environment

An environment where each agent's experience is divided into distinct episodes.

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Game Tree Exploration

The process of traversing a tree representation of game states.

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Heuristic Function (h(N))

A function that estimates the cost from a node to the goal in search algorithms.

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Cost Function (g(N))

A function representing the cost to reach a node from the start.

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Classification

A machine learning task that predicts categories for given data.

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Regression

A machine learning task that predicts continuous numerical outcomes.

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Clustering

Grouping similar data points together without prior labels.

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Dimensionality Reduction

The process of reducing the number of features under consideration.

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Ensemble Learning

Combining multiple models to improve predictions and performance.

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Planning Agent

An AI that creates a sequence of actions to achieve goals.

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Study Notes

Q.1 Choose the Correct Answer

  • Question 1: Searching methods can use a structure called the "State List" during initial steps
  • Question 2: Node 'M' is visited only when a specific search algorithm (e.g., depth-first) is used.
  • Question 3: AI systems in healthcare reason through symptoms, while customer service chatbots mimic human interactions via an "acting humanly" approach.
  • Question 4: Self-driving cars utilize machine learning, while data mining is crucial for analyzing customer feedback and product satisfaction trends.
  • Question 5: Data mining and analysis are essential for strategies to personalize marketing and improve customer experience.
  • Question 6: Performance measure in a system is crucial for defining goals within a weather forecasting AI system.
  • Question 7: Goal-based AI systems focus on achieving a specific outcome, while cost-based systems prioritize efficiency.
  • Question 8: Matching based on application: Intelligent Agent, Learning agent, Reflex Agent, Planning Agent to example applications like email filters and factory robots.
  • Question 9: Minimizing false negatives is critical in ensuring timely treatment by AI systems in diagnosis by detecting all serious diseases
  • Question 10: Matching machine learning techniques to their descriptions: Supervised learning predicts outcomes using labelled data, unsupervised learning identifies patterns without labels. Reinforcement learning is based on reward systems, and ensemble learning improves accuracy by combining methods.
  • Question 11: Matching machine learning tasks with examples: classification for sorting news, regression for predicting outcomes, dimensionality reduction for complex data simplification, clustering for grouping similar data points
  • Question 12: The N-Queens problem involves placing queens on a chessboard without any attacking each other
  • Question 13: Applying Breadth-First or Depth-First search can repeat nodes in a specific scenario
  • Question 14: In a pathfinding scenario, the value 'h(N) = 4' refers to the estimated cost from a starting node to the goal.
  • Question 15: Determining the value of 'g(n)' for a board in a game.

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