AI Problems & Techniques Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of AI?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of Computer Science that emulates human intelligent behaviour.

AI systems are limited to solving problems that individuals can solve.

False

What are the three main categories of AI problems or tasks?

  • Simple, Medium, Complex
  • Easy, Hard, Impossible
  • Low, Medium, High
  • Mundane, Formal, Expert (correct)

    • Which of these is NOT a mundane task for AI?

    <p>Chess Playing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Physical Symbol System (PSS)?

    <p>A Physical Symbol System (PSS) is a system that consists of symbols or physical patterns that can form expressions or structures, along with processes that operate on these structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Knowledge is considered essential for intelligent action.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a challenging property of knowledge?

    <p>Always organized for efficient use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of an AI technique?

    <p>An AI technique aims to exploit knowledge by representing it in a way that captures generalizations, is interpretable, modifiable, and can be used in various situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an AI technique handle uncertainty?

    <p>It can be used even with possible uncertainty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Movetable in the Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 1?

    <p>The Movetable is a large array that stores the next best move for every possible board position in the Tic-Tac-Toe game. It is used to determine the optimal move based on the current board state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a Movetable in the Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 1?

    <p>It allows for quick and efficient decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 2 is as efficient as Solution 1 in terms of memory usage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 3 (AI Technique) and the previous solutions?

    <p>The Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 3 uses a MiniMax strategy, which involves evaluating all possible game outcomes and assigning values to each position based on the likelihood of winning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 3 (AI Technique)?

    <p>It works by enumerating all possible game states in advance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MiniMax algorithm is specifically designed for the Tic-Tac-Toe game.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Turing Test?

    <p>The Turing Test aims to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior that is indistinguishable from a human.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a computer passes the Turing Test, it means it has achieved true artificial intelligence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Turing Test, what is the role of the human questioner?

    <p>To interact with both respondents and assess their intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a magic square?

    <p>A magic square is a square grid where the numbers in each row, column, and diagonal add up to the same constant value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Magic Square representation of the Tic-Tac-Toe board simplifies the Posswin() function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a Magic Square representation for the Tic-Tac-Toe board?

    <p>The Magic Square representation allows for a more compact representation of the board state and makes it easier to identify winning combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Artificial Intelligence (AI) Problems & Techniques

    • AI is a field of computer science that mimics human intelligent behaviour.
    • It aims to create systems that perform tasks humans currently excel at.
    • Modern AI systems surpass human capabilities in certain areas.
    • AI addresses problems that are difficult or impossible for individual humans to solve.

    AI Problems Categorization

    • Mundane tasks: Involve tasks humans perform daily.
      • Perception: Includes vision and speech recognition.
      • Natural Language: Understanding, generating, and translating text.
      • Common sense reasoning: Solving everyday problems with logical deduction.
      • General problem solving: Tackling problems without specific pre-defined solutions.
      • Robot control: Controlling robots to perform complex tasks.
    • Formal tasks: Involve well-defined problems.
      • Games: Chess, backgammon, checkers, and Go.
      • Mathematics: Geometry, logic, and calculus.
    • Expert tasks: Involve expert knowledge.
      • Engineering: Design, fault analysis, and manufacturing planning.
      • Scientific analysis: Using data analysis for scientific discovery.
      • Medical diagnosis: Diagnosing illnesses based on medical data.
      • Financial analysis: Analyzing financial data for predictions.

    Physical Symbol System Hypothesis

    • A physical symbol system (PSS) contains symbols and rules to manipulate them.
    • Symbols can represent objects, concepts, or data.
    • Processes in a PSS change or create symbol structures.
    • A PSS can change symbol structures without external intervention to create the possibility for general intelligent action.

    Role of Knowledge

    • Crucial for intelligent action.
    • Knowledge has challenging properties:
      • Voluminous: Vast amount of data involved.
      • Hard to characterize accurately: Difficulty in defining and representing knowledge.
      • Constantly changing: Knowledge evolves over time, requiring updates.
      • Differs from data: Organized in ways that reflect how it is used.

    AI Techniques

    • AI techniques exploit knowledge by representing it in a useful way.
    • Generalization focuses on grouping similar situations.
    • Interpretability allows knowledge providers to quickly understand.
    • Modifiability lets the system adapt quickly to changes in knowledge.
    • Certainty allows flexibility in different situations.

    Tic-Tac-Toe Problem (Solutions 1 & 2)

    • Solution 1: Efficient but requires significant upfront work to define the optimal moves and stores them in a table, taking a lot of memory.
    • Solution 2: Easy to understand and implement however not very fast, taking time because it involves evaluating multiple conditions.

    Magic Square

    • Arrangement of numbers in a grid, where rows, columns, and diagonals sum up to the same value.
    • 3x3 magic square sums up to 15.
    • 5x5 magic square sums up to 65.

    Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 2 (Magic Square Approach)

    • Represents the board as a magic square, numbering cells to enable faster calculation of winning moves.
    • Efficient calculation of possible winning moves for both players.

    Tic-Tac-Toe Solution 3 (Minimax Strategy)

    • Uses a heuristic function to evaluate the potential of winning different moves.
    • Uses recursion to check and calculate possible moves.
    • This more general solution can be extended to more complex 2-player games
    • However, this is more computationally intensive than the others presented.

    2-Ply Search with MiniMax

    • A two-step decision-making model used in game-playing.
    • This example demonstrates how to evaluate and select the best moves in a game like tic-tac-toe.

    Criteria for Success of AI (Turing Test)

    • A test to determine whether a computer can exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.
    • It involves a human evaluator interacting with both a human and a computer and attempting to differentiate them.

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    Introduction to AI, AI Techniques PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of Artificial Intelligence, where computer science intersects with human-like behavior. This quiz delves into the categorization of AI problems and techniques used for perception, natural language processing, and more. Test your understanding of how AI systems perform tasks traditionally handled by humans.

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