AI Ethics and Responsibilities Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main responsibilities of AI actors regarding traceability?

  • Avoid systematic risk management approaches
  • Limit cooperation between AI stakeholders
  • Ensure complete secrecy of datasets and processes
  • Enable analysis of AI system outputs and responses (correct)

Which of the following is NOT identified as a risk related to AI systems?

  • Harmful bias
  • Human rights violations
  • Economic growth opportunities (correct)
  • Privacy concerns

What principle emphasizes the need for transparency and explainability in AI systems?

  • Accountability (correct)
  • Robustness and security
  • Data privacy
  • Safe and effective systems

What is the main mission of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)?

<p>Advise the U.S. government on science and technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles is included in the blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights?

<p>Algorithmic discrimination protections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the need for transparency in AI systems?

<p>Transparency and explainability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of ensuring accountability in AI systems?

<p>Implementing human oversight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of human agency in AI implementation?

<p>To address risks from misuse of AI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should AI actors provide to stakeholders interacting with AI systems?

<p>Plain and easy-to-understand information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles, how should AI systems be designed to ensure safety?

<p>To function properly under all circumstances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of implementing safeguards in AI systems?

<p>To ensure appropriate functionality and mitigate risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when addressing misinformation and disinformation related to AI?

<p>Ensuring freedom of expression while respecting rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for stakeholders to understand the output of an AI system?

<p>Plain information on decision-making factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of accountability in AI systems?

<p>To promote ethical and transparent system operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the ability to question AI system outputs?

<p>Contestability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does explainability in AI primarily promote?

<p>Transparency and trust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key consideration in ensuring fairness within AI systems?

<p>Preventing adverse impact on sensitive characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by robustness in AI systems?

<p>The capacity to perform reliably under various conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on minimizing potential harm caused by AI systems?

<p>Safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of transparency in AI systems?

<p>The availability of information regarding AI usage and functioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value is NOT included in the OECD AI Principles?

<p>Profit maximization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of trustworthy AI aligns closely with which other term?

<p>Responsible AI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the first OECD AI principle?

<p>Inclusive growth and well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does UNESCO play in international relations?

<p>Promotes world peace and security through cooperation in various fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a value promoted by UNESCO?

<p>Environmental destruction for economic growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the importance of not causing harm in actions taken?

<p>Proportionality and Do No Harm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the principle of awareness and literacy?

<p>Educating societies about technology and its implications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of multi-stakeholder adaptive governance?

<p>Inclusive collaboration involving various stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Asilomar AI Principles?

<p>To provide guidelines on the ethical use and development of AI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many total principles are outlined in the Asilomar AI Principles?

<p>23 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on the need for human oversight in AI management?

<p>Human oversight and determination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 2017 Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI?

<p>To discuss the ethical implications of AI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Asilomar Principles related to ethics and values?

<p>Economic empowerment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many categories are the Asilomar Principles divided into?

<p>Three (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'failure transparency' emphasize?

<p>Understanding the reasons behind system failures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for organizing the Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI?

<p>Future of Life Institute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the concerns related to the AI arms race as per the Asilomar Principles?

<p>The potential for a lack of accountability in military use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category includes principles related to long-term AI concerns?

<p>Longer-term issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the IEEE?

<p>It was formed in 1963 and is the largest technical organization for engineering. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of the European Commission within the EU?

<p>Proposing new legislation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of Trustworthy AI?

<p>Low-cost implementation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on the need for justice in AI outcomes?

<p>Non-discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What harm to individuals can arise from the use of AI in hiring practices?

<p>Bias against certain demographics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'disinformation'?

<p>Deliberately deceptive or misleading information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with AI technologies that operate without oversight?

<p>Lethal autonomous weapons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of AI, what does data governance primarily focus on?

<p>Overall management of data throughout its lifecycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of 'deepfakes' in society?

<p>Undermining trust in institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential economic harm caused by AI?

<p>Job displacement due to automation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles focuses on ensuring that AI systems align with legal standards?

<p>Legal and compliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of algorithm demonstrates a high false positive rate, particularly affecting marginalized communities?

<p>Predictive policing algorithms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What foundational control involves implementing policies to address risks associated with AI?

<p>Developing organization-specific principles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can AI contribute to societal harms related to misinformation?

<p>Creating echo chambers of ideologically similar content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of AI management requires cross-functional teams throughout the AI lifecycle?

<p>Equitable design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Explainability (XAI)

The ability to describe how an AI system makes decisions or reaches its outputs. It makes the system more transparent and helps build trust.

Accountability

The obligation and responsibility of those who create and regulate AI systems to ensure they operate ethically, fairly, transparently, and in compliance with regulations.

Reliability

Ensuring that an AI system behaves predictably, consistently, and accurately, especially when dealing with new or unseen data.

Contestability

The ability to question and challenge the output and actions of an AI system. It promotes transparency and accountability.

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Safety

Developing AI systems that minimize potential harm to individuals, groups, society, or the environment.

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Robustness

Making sure an AI system continues to work accurately and effectively in various situations, including new environments, unfamiliar data, and even potential attacks.

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Transparency

The extent to which information about the AI system is accessible, including its intended use, functioning, and decision-making processes.

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Fairness

The appropriate standards applied to ensure fair and consistent treatment of individuals and groups by an AI system.

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Trustworthy AI

AI systems developed according to ethical principles, ensuring they are used responsibly and for good.

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OECD AI Principles

A set of guiding principles for developing and using AI in a responsible way, focusing on promoting inclusive growth, protecting human rights, and ensuring AI systems are trustworthy.

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What is the WH OSTP?

The US government agency responsible for advising the President on science and technology policy.

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Safe and Effective Systems

Designing and implementing AI systems in a way that minimizes risks and ensures their safe and effective operation.

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Algorithmic Discrimination Protections

Protecting against algorithmic bias and ensuring fair treatment of individuals.

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Data Privacy

Protecting individuals' data privacy and ensuring responsible data collection and use.

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Notice and Explanation

Providing clear explanations of AI systems' decisions and operations to users.

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AI and Human Rights

AI systems should be designed and used with consideration for basic human rights, such as non-discrimination, equality, freedom, dignity, autonomy, privacy, data protection, diversity, fairness, social justice, and internationally recognized labor rights.

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Transparency and Explainability in AI

AI systems are expected to be transparent, making their functioning and decision-making understandable to the public. This involves disclosing information about their capabilities and limitations, data sources, and the logic behind their outputs.

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Robustness, Security and Safety of AI Systems

This principle emphasizes the need for AI systems to be reliable and secure. This involves protecting them from vulnerabilities, ensuring they function predictably even under challenging conditions, and providing mechanisms for overriding or fixing malfunctioning systems.

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Accountability in AI

AI actors, such as developers, companies, and users of AI systems, have a responsibility to ensure AI systems operate ethically and adhere to the guiding principles. Accountability involves being able to explain and justify the choices made regarding the design, development, and application of AI.

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Avoiding Misuse and Unintended Consequences of AI

AI systems should operate within the bounds of intended use and not be misused for harmful purposes. It also involves mitigating risks arising from unintended consequences.

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Human Agency and Oversight

AI actors should implement mechanisms to ensure human oversight and intervention in AI systems. This includes having the ability to modify or stop AI systems when necessary and providing ways for humans to understand and control their interactions with AI.

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Addressing Misinformation and Disinformation

AI systems should be designed to avoid amplifying misinformation or disinformation. This requires addressing the potential for AI to spread false or misleading information while upholding freedom of expression.

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AI and Social Justice

This principle recognizes the need to consider potential impacts of AI on social systems, including fairness, equality, and the potential for biases. It emphasizes addressing any unintended consequences on society's fabric due to the implementation of AI systems.

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What is UNESCO?

UNESCO stands for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

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What does UNESCO do?

UNESCO aims to foster international collaboration in education, arts, sciences, and culture to achieve world peace.

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What are the core values of UNESCO?

UNESCO's values are based on promoting human rights, ensuring diversity and inclusiveness, and preserving the environment.

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What are some key principles of UNESCO?

UNESCO operates on principles like proportionality, safety, fairness, sustainability, and privacy, ensuring responsible actions.

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What are the Asilomar AI Principles?

The Asilomar AI Principles are a set of guidelines for developing and using artificial intelligence ethically.

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How are the Asilomar AI Principles organized?

The Asilomar AI Principles are organized into three categories: safety and security, fairness and transparency, and responsibility and governance.

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What is the purpose of the Asilomar AI Principles?

The Asilomar AI Principles are meant to be a guide for AI developers and stakeholders to ensure the technology is used responsibly for societal benefit.

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What role does human oversight play in the Asilomar AI Principles?

The Asilomar AI Principles emphasize the importance of human oversight and control, ensuring that AI technology remains accountable and aligned with human values.

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Asilomar AI Conference

A conference held in 2017 at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in Pacific Grove, California, focused on developing ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence (AI).

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Asilomar AI Principles

A set of 23 principles developed at the Asilomar AI Conference, aiming to guide the responsible development and use of AI.

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IEEE

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the world's largest technical professional organization for the advancement of technology.

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IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics and Autonomous and Intelligent Systems

A global initiative launched by the IEEE to promote ethical considerations in the development and use of autonomous and intelligent systems.

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Objective of IEEE Global Initiative

The overarching aim of the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics and Autonomous and Intelligent Systems is to ensure that autonomous and intelligent systems are developed and used ethically.

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Ethically Aligned Design

A design philosophy that prioritizes ethical considerations throughout the development and deployment of AI systems.

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Categories of Asilomar AI Principles

The Asilomar AI Principles are categorized into three main areas: Research, Ethics and Values, and Longer-term Issues.

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Shared Benefit and Prosperity in Asilomar AI Principles

The Asilomar AI Principles emphasize that AI systems should be designed to benefit all of humanity and avoid creating harm or exacerbating existing societal inequalities.

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European Commission

The EU's political executive body responsible for proposing legislation. It consists of 27 commissioners headed by a president.

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Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI

A framework for developing and implementing AI systems in a responsible manner. It emphasizes human oversight, fairness, transparency, and accountability.

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Key Principles for Ethical AI

A collection of ethical principles that serve as a foundation for creating a culture of ethical AI within an organization.

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Foundational Controls for Ethical AI

Practical steps an organization undertakes to ensure ethical AI practices. These include developing specific principles, establishing oversight bodies, and implementing policies to mitigate risks.

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Roles and Responsibilities in a Culture of Ethical AI

Specific roles and responsibilities within an organization focused on different aspects of ethical AI, including legal compliance, equitable design, privacy, and cybersecurity.

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Legal and Compliance in Ethical AI

The process of reviewing AI systems for potential legal issues and ensuring compliance with relevant laws and regulations.

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Equitable Design in AI

Incorporating fairness and inclusivity in the design and development of AI systems, ensuring equal treatment for all individuals and groups.

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Privacy and Cybersecurity in Ethical AI

Protecting sensitive information used in developing and training AI systems, ensuring data privacy regulations are followed and users have control over their data.

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Data Governance in Ethical AI

Managing data availability, usability, and integrity throughout its lifecycle within an organization. This includes ensuring data quality and integrity.

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Harms of AI

Potential negative impacts of AI on individuals, groups, and society, including civil rights violations, economic disadvantage, privacy breaches, and exacerbating social inequalities.

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Those at Risk from AI

Individuals, groups, organizations, and ecosystems that may be at risk of being harmed by AI.

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Harm to Individuals from AI

Potential harms to individuals from AI, including violations of civil rights, economic opportunities, and safety.

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Harm to Groups from AI

Potential harms to groups from AI, including discrimination, unfair treatment, and exacerbation of existing social inequalities.

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Harms to Society from AI

Potential harms to society from AI, including erosion of democratic processes, loss of trust in institutions, misinformation, and safety risks.

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Harms to Companies and Institutions from AI

Potential harms to companies and institutions from AI, including reputational damage, financial losses, legal issues, and acceleration risks.

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Harms to Ecosystems from AI

Potential negative impacts of AI on ecosystems, including natural resource depletion and environmental degradation.

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Study Notes

Fair Information Practices (FIPs)

  • Guidelines for managing data with privacy, security, and fairness.
  • Aims to handle data using ethical principles.

Lecture Topics

  • Disambiguation: Clarifying different terms related to FIPs (Fair Information Practices).
  • What are the FIPs? Defining FIPs, including OECD Guidelines (1980) and global interpretations.
  • History of the FIPs: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) Report (1973), and its five principles.
  • Common Principles: Key concepts like access/individual participation, purpose specification, data minimization, data quality, safeguards/security, notice/openness, accountability, and use limitation.

Mnemonic Device

  • A memory aid using a series of words to help recall FIPs-related topics.

Access/Individual Participation

  • Data subjects have the right to access (and amend) their personally identifiable information (PII).
  • Data should be collected directly from the data subject, not from secondary or third parties.

Purpose Specification

  • The purpose for collecting data should be explicitly defined (e.g., why is the data being gathered?).

Data Minimization

  • Collect only the necessary data.
  • Retain data only for the duration required.

Data Quality/Relevance

  • Data should be accurate, complete, and up-to-date.
  • Data collected should be relevant to the specified purpose.

Safeguards/Security

  • Implement measures (administrative, technical, physical) to protect data security.

Notice/Openness

  • Provide advance notice regarding data collection practices.
  • Policies and procedures should be transparent.

Accountability

  • Organizations are held responsible for their policies and procedures.

Use Limitation

  • Collected data should only be used for the intended purposes.
  • No secondary use of data for different aims.

OECD AI Principles

  • Created to direct AI development in a trustworthy manner.
  • Principles cover inclusive growth, human rights, transparency, robustness, safety and security, and accountability.

AI Principle #1

  • Stresses the importance of inclusive growth, sustainable development, and well-being.
  • Underscores the need for trustworthy AI to contribute positively to people and the planet.

AI Principle #2

  • Emphasizes respecting human rights, democratic values, fairness, and privacy.
  • States that AI actors should adhere to the rule of law, human rights, democracy, and human-centered values throughout the AI system lifecycle.
  • Mechanisms for addressing risks related to inappropriate use, misuse, or unintended consequences should be implemented.

AI Principle #3

  • Focuses on the importance of transparency and explainability in AI systems.
  • Emphasizes that AI actors should foster a general understanding of how Al systems work and provide information related to interactions, sources of data, and decision-making processes.

AI Principle #4

  • Highlights the need for robustness, security, and safety in AI systems.
  • Maintains that appropriate mechanisms should be developed and implemented to protect from misuse and unintended consequences.
  • Provides a framework for bolstering data integrity while respecting freedom of expression.

AI Principle #5

  • Addresses accountability in the entire Al lifecycle, covering traceability of processes and decisions made during Al system development.
  • Emphasizes comprehensive risk assessments.
  • Sets out a systematic risk management and ethical conduct framework for AI actors.

Asilomar AI Principles

  • Principles covering research, ethics and values, and longer-term issues, with a focus on safety, responsibility, human values, personal privacy, etc.

IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics and Autonomous and Intelligent Systems (A/IS)

  • Aims to articulate high-level ethical considerations relating to autonomous and intelligent systems.
  • Objectives to prioritize benefits to humanity and the natural environment and to mitigate risks and negative impacts.
  • General principles cover human rights, well-being, accountability, transparency, and awareness of potential misuse.

CNIL AI Action Plan

  • Policy put together by the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) highlighting four key objectives: understanding AI's impact on people, respecting personal data, supporting innovation, and ensuring auditing and controls.

Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Al by the European Commission High-Level Expert Group on Al

  • Guidelines set out 7 requirements for trustworhty Al, including human oversight, technical robustness, privacy, diversity, fairness, societal well-being, and accountability.

Harms to Individuals

  • General harms like civil rights violations or economic inequality.
  • Specific harms in employment, housing, education, and credit systems.
  • Privacy harms like data aggregation, inference from data, misuse of data.
  • Economic harms like job displacement or biased opportunities.

Harms to Society

  • Harm to the democratic process and trust in institutions due to technological biases.
  • Impacts relating to access to public services(education, healthcare) and employment.
  • Negative consequences from misinformation and disinformation spread via AI.
  • Harms (e.g., profiling) related to tracking and predicting behavior.

Harms to Groups and Ecosystems

  • Impacts affecting civil rights, racial and socioeconomic divides, and discrimination of specific groups.
  • Environmental effects such as natural resource depletion and the negative environmental impacts of AI technology.
  • The importance of considering how AI technologies can be leveraged to enhance efforts promoting sustainability, well-being and positive development for individuals, groups and ecosystems.

Types of Bias

  • Algorithmic: Systematic and repeatable errors leading to unfair outcomes.

  • Computational: Systematic errors or deviations from a true value of prediction.

  • Cognitive: Distorted thinking and inaccurate judgments.

  • Societal: Systemic prejudice, favoritism, or discrimination.

  • Implicit: Unconscious bias toward a social group.

  • Sampling: When a data sample doesn't reflect the diversity of a population.

  • Temporal: When a model's performance isn't consistent across different time periods.

  • Overfitting: When a model is excessively tailored to training data, which reduces its generalization ability.

  • Underfitting: When a model is under-prepared to handle training data, which results in mediocre performance.

  • Edge cases/outliers: Data fall outside the boundaries of the training data and can cause issues.

  • Noise: Data that negatively impacts ML models by confounding outcomes.

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