Podcast
Questions and Answers
What makes the painting of Saint Luke painting the Virgin Mary and child a significant example of Medieval European art?
What makes the painting of Saint Luke painting the Virgin Mary and child a significant example of Medieval European art?
- Its detailed depiction of Roman architecture.
- Its attempt to perfectly capture nature.
- Its symbolic nature and lack of realism. (correct)
- Its use of linear perspective to create depth.
What was the primary function of icons in Byzantine or Eastern churches during the Medieval period?
What was the primary function of icons in Byzantine or Eastern churches during the Medieval period?
- To provide examples of artistic skill and innovation.
- To function as devotional objects that were prayed to as if they were the figures they represented. (correct)
- To serve as historical records of biblical events.
- To decorate the interiors of churches and cathedrals.
Which of the following developments contributed to shaping new ways of life and culture during the 1300-1400s?
Which of the following developments contributed to shaping new ways of life and culture during the 1300-1400s?
- Urban development and the rise of trade. (correct)
- A decline in social mobility.
- The decreased influence of new figures in power.
- The reduced proliferation of literacy.
How did the perception of artists change during the Renaissance, as reflected in the shift from the Medieval to Renaissance periods?
How did the perception of artists change during the Renaissance, as reflected in the shift from the Medieval to Renaissance periods?
Why was the inclusion of the artist's signature in contracts and artworks during the Renaissance a significant development?
Why was the inclusion of the artist's signature in contracts and artworks during the Renaissance a significant development?
How did the status and recognition of artists evolve during the 14th and 15th centuries in Italy?
How did the status and recognition of artists evolve during the 14th and 15th centuries in Italy?
What social role did women artists like Sofonisba Anguissola and Artemisia Gentileschi typically occupy during the Renaissance?
What social role did women artists like Sofonisba Anguissola and Artemisia Gentileschi typically occupy during the Renaissance?
How did self-portraits of artists like Raffaello serve to elevate their status in the 16th century?
How did self-portraits of artists like Raffaello serve to elevate their status in the 16th century?
Based on the material, how did the self-perception and social positioning of artists change from the Medieval period to the Renaissance?
Based on the material, how did the self-perception and social positioning of artists change from the Medieval period to the Renaissance?
What does the term 'EIKENAI' mean in the context of religious icons?
What does the term 'EIKENAI' mean in the context of religious icons?
What is the commonality that connects Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raffaello in the context of art history?
What is the commonality that connects Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raffaello in the context of art history?
What does the establishment of 'art history' as a formal discipline during the Renaissance indicate about changing perceptions of art and artists?
What does the establishment of 'art history' as a formal discipline during the Renaissance indicate about changing perceptions of art and artists?
Against whom did Filippo Brunelleschi have a dispute?
Against whom did Filippo Brunelleschi have a dispute?
In what way did the Renaissance change the approach to art, as depicted through the evolution of Artist?
In what way did the Renaissance change the approach to art, as depicted through the evolution of Artist?
What does the first recorded incident of an artist asking to be paid his proper worth suggest about the changing role of the artist in society during the Renaissance?
What does the first recorded incident of an artist asking to be paid his proper worth suggest about the changing role of the artist in society during the Renaissance?
Flashcards
What is an Icon?
What is an Icon?
A devotional painting on wood, often found in Byzantine or Eastern churches. It's derived from the Greek word 'EIKENAI', meaning 'to seem or to be like'.
What is Urban Development?
What is Urban Development?
Development and growth of cities during the 1300-1400's
What is meant by the Rise of Trade?
What is meant by the Rise of Trade?
Increased trade activities and networks during the 1300-1400's
What is the Printing Press?
What is the Printing Press?
The invention and spread of printing technology during the 1300-1400's
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What is meant by Proliferation of Literacy?
What is meant by Proliferation of Literacy?
The increase in the ability to read and write among the population during the 1300-1400's
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What is Social Mobility?
What is Social Mobility?
The ability to move up or down the social ladder, new possibilies for power.
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New figures in power
New figures in power
Individuals gaining influence and authority.
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What is the 'New Conception of Art'?
What is the 'New Conception of Art'?
A shift in understanding the role, purpose, and status of art and artists.
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What is an 'Artist's Signature'?
What is an 'Artist's Signature'?
Artists started discreetly adding their signature to artwork.
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Who was Giorgio Vasari?
Who was Giorgio Vasari?
A painter and architect of the Renaissance, known for writing 'Lives of the Artists'.
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- AH340 Cracking The Code is a course about the image of the artist
Medieval Europe: Icons
- Icons are religious artworks created in Medieval Europe
- Icons have the Greek etymological origin ΕΙΚΕΝΑΙ, meaning 'to seem or to be like'
- Icons are devotional paintings on wood
- Icons were common in Byzantine and other Eastern churches
- They were prayed to "as if" they were the thing they represented
- The author and date for Medieval European icons are commonly unknown
- They are highly symbolic and lack realism
1300-1400s: Shaping New Ways
- The 1300-1400s brought about urban development, a rise in trade, the printing press, proliferation of literacy, social mobility, and new figures in power
New Conception of Art
- Art became allied to and sponsored by new power
- Artists emerge as self makers, touched by something greater, or by God's will, leading to the concept of the artist as a genius
- In 1320, Dante Alighieri wrote Divine Comedy, including the lines: "O empty glorying in human power! In painting it was Cimabue's belief. He held the field; now Giotto's got the cry. And Cimabue's fame is dim"
- Giovanni Boccaccio wrote DECAMERON 1348-53
- Giotto brought back to light an art which had been buried for centuries
- People mistake Giotto's pictures for the real thing because depicted has the appearance of the thing itself and not just a reproduction
Artist's Signature
- Artists include themselves as witnesses to the patron's celebration
- Andrea Mantegna includes himself in Presentation to the Temple (1455ca)
- Andrea Mantegna includes his signature in Camera degli Sposi (Bridal room) in Mantova, San Giorgio Castle from 1465-1474
Artist's Status
- Sandro Botticelli was protected by the Medici family
- Filippo Brunelleschi had conflict with the Woolworkers' Guild
- Artists had their names in contracts and lawsuits, and were protected by patrons
- Artists were proud of themselves and their work
Fair Compensation
- In 1470 Ferrara, Francesco del Cossa wrote to Duke Borso d'Este
- Asking to be paid his proper worth
- He made three fields towards the Cantechamber entirely by myself
- He requested more than 10 bolognini pennies per square foot
- Losing 40 or 50 ducats as he has a name to uphold these days
- Payment leaves on a par with the saddest apprentice in Ferrara
- Studied and studied all the time, used gold and good colors at my own expense
- Did the whole thing in fresco which is really hard work
Women Artists
- Women Artists belonged to high society
- Did not work for money
- Usually were portrait painters
- Marcia is depicted painting a self-portrait, from De Mulieribus claris, by Giovanni Boccaccio, 1402ca
- Artemisia Gentileschi, Self-Portrait as Allegory of Painting 1638-39
- Sofonisba Anguissola, Self portrait at easel, 1556
Elevated Status
- In 1500 artists require no supporting details
- Similar to aristocrats and stemmed from a higher lineage
- Raffaello, Self-Portrait 1504-1506
- Raffaello, Self-portrait with a friend 1518-1520
New Social Class
- Artists form a new aristocracy of genius that are
- Mysterious
- Not easily slotted into the existing social system
- Leonardo da Vinci, self-portrait 1515ca
Art History Begins
- Florence 1500 marks the beginning of formal art history
- Giorgio Vasari wrote The Lives of the Artists in first edition 1550
- Giorgio Vasari, Self-Portrait 1571-74
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