Agritech and Food Transportation Issues
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Questions and Answers

What primary challenge does the reliance on long-distance food transportation pose to both the consumer and the environment?

  • It reduces the need for eco-friendly fertilizers and decreases water consumption.
  • It negatively impacts food quality and contributes to environmental degradation. (correct)
  • It promotes faster delivery times and enhances the nutritional value of produce.
  • It leads to decreased production costs and increased pesticide usage.
  • Which of the following best defines the core concept of Agtech, as presented in the content?

  • A blend of agricultural practices with advanced technological innovations. (correct)
  • A system emphasizing seasonal rotation of crops based on weather patterns.
  • A method solely focused on reducing labor costs in farming.
  • A traditional farming method focused on natural resource utilization.
  • What is the crucial aspect of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) that leads to improved agricultural results?

  • A natural, uncontrolled environment that promotes genetic diversity.
  • The artificial manipulation of environmental conditions to optimize output. (correct)
  • The elimination of all external factors by means of natural methods.
  • Reduced reliance on vertical farming techniques to minimize costs.
  • How does vertical farming address the limitations of traditional agricultural practices?

    <p>It utilizes horizontal spaces more efficiently by stacking them and offers 24/7 growing capabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of Infarm's sustainable urban food production, especially regarding distribution?

    <p>It aims for shorter distribution times, which results in the delivery of fresh local produce. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what is the approximate ratio of raw ideas to successfully commercialized products?

    <p>1:3000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pharmaceutical industry, what is the estimated total cost to take a new medicine from discovery to market, according to the text?

    <p>$1 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of technological innovation, as presented in the content?

    <p>To create new knowledge in order to solve problems and achieve goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within the pharmaceutical new product development process described, how many tested drugs typically result in one successful commercial drug?

    <p>1 out of 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main technological advancement discussed concerning meat production?

    <p>The production of ‘clean’ meat using stem cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a critical factor for a firm’s new product development process?

    <p>Maximizing the likelihood of technical and commercial success (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what is one of the major environmental concerns associated with conventional meat production?

    <p>Significant greenhouse gas emissions, with cattle emissions exceeding those from global automobiles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT mentioned as a component of a firm's strategy to achieve successful innovation projects?

    <p>Aggressive marketing tactics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Klaus Schwab, as referenced in the text, describe the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Marked by the fusion of physical, digital, and biological worlds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT presented as a factor contributing to the rising demand for meat?

    <p>A global decrease in meat prices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Oxford University's study suggest about the production of meat from cells compared to traditional meat production regarding greenhouse gas emissions?

    <p>It would result in up to 96% lower greenhouse gas emissions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical timeframe for the discovery and preclinical phase of pharmaceutical development?

    <p>3-6 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what aspect of human existence is being challenged by the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Fundamental ideas about the nature of being human (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information, approximately how many gallons of water are required to produce one gallon of cow's milk?

    <p>900 gallons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What positive characteristic is consistently attributed to 'clean meat' regarding human health?

    <p>It is literally cleaner and free from common bacteria like e.coli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key benefit scientists hoped 'clean meat' would bring in terms of efficiency?

    <p>An increase to 7 times greater efficiency relative to traditional beef. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary motivation behind Uma Valeti's creation of Memphis Meats?

    <p>To address the inefficiency of traditional meat production and animal suffering. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor led to major agribusiness companies becoming involved with cultured meat production?

    <p>The successful launch of a cultured meatball by Memphis Meats, indicating market viability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Upside Foods partnering with Chef Dominique Crenn?

    <p>It shows the potential for lab-grown meat to be integrated into high-end dining. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Richard Branson’s expectation, what will be the predominant source of meat in about 30 years?

    <p>All meat will be from either cell-based or plant-based sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major challenge does the text highlight regarding consumer acceptance of cultured meat?

    <p>Some consumers may resist eating meat that did not come from a live animal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ‘AgTech’ encompass according to the information provided?

    <p>Technologies including smart farming, AI and other advanced data analysis tools. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the warning sign related to water utilization for food production by 2050?

    <p>The world will need at least 50% more water for food, increasing the strain on our self-sustainability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial investment amount from Tyson Foods into a venture capital fund focused on innovative food technology?

    <p>USD 150 million. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a key challenge presented by the 4th Industrial Revolution?

    <p>The need to reconsider various societal aspects such as education and social policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided content, what is a primary advantage of firms in pursuing innovation activities?

    <p>Access to greater resources and stronger incentives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between knowledge and creativity, based on the content?

    <p>A moderate degree of knowledge is beneficial for creativity, rather than too little or too much. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a myth about creativity?

    <p>Having a diverse group enhances creativity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is 'groupthink' in the context of creative groups?

    <p>The tendency for individual ideas to converge towards each other for social reasons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can managers best foster creativity within their teams, based on the information provided?

    <p>By setting defined performance goals but giving freedom how they are achieved, along with providing the right resources and rewards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait, according to the text, is a component of individual creativity?

    <p>The ability to look at problems in unconventional ways and convince others of the ideas' value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is least likely to be a part of the '4th Industrial Revolution' according to the content?

    <p>The widespread adoption of horse-drawn carriages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within creative groups, the presence of contradictory characteristics can lead to which outcome?

    <p>The generation of new ideas via the catalysis that occurs from opposing viewpoint clashes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a 'beginner's mind' considered beneficial within creative groups?

    <p>It offers an external viewpoint that may not be clouded by prior experience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one strategy to mitigate the risk of groupthink in organizational decision-making?

    <p>Appointing a designated individual to question prevailing assumptions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest regarding the relationship between individual/group creativity and organizational creativity?

    <p>Organizational creativity is a function of both individual/group creativity and organizational factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way might employees interact with an 'idea repository' within their organization?

    <p>Employees can access, submit, interact, and collaborate on ideas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the process of increasing personal creativity?

    <p>It can be developed through consistent practice and experimentation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the advice to 'immerse yourself in the problem or challenge' mean in the context of enhancing personal creativity?

    <p>To deeply engage with and experience the problem from different angles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the role of failure in fostering creativity?

    <p>Failure is an opportunity for learning and should be investigated for insights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is critical for individuals when seeking opportunities for projects?

    <p>Choosing projects that align with their deeply embedded life interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of asking 'Why? Why not?' as a habit in the process of innovation, as suggested in the text?

    <p>To question existing assumptions and explore new possibilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Innovation

    The creation of new knowledge to solve problems and achieve goals.

    Negative Externalities

    The negative consequences of technological advancement.

    Clean Meat

    A meat alternative produced from animal cells in a lab, eliminating the need for animal slaughter.

    Meat Crisis

    The rapid increase in meat demand due to growing populations and rising living standards.

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    Environmental Impact of Animal Production

    The significant environmental impact caused by large-scale animal agriculture.

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    Resource Inefficiency of Animal Production

    The inefficiency of animal agriculture in terms of resource consumption.

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    Environmental and Health Benefits of Clean Meat

    The potential benefits of clean meat for environmental sustainability and human health.

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    Going Commercial

    The transition of clean meat from research labs to commercial production.

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    Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA)

    A farming practice that uses technology to control the environment inside, creating optimal conditions for plant growth. This can include things like artificial lighting, temperature control, and precise irrigation.

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    Vertical Farming

    Growing plants vertically stacked, like in a building, making efficient use of limited space. This modern method allows year-round farming and faster deliveries.

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    INFARM

    A company focused on sustainable urban food production using Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and vertical farming techniques. This method allows for fresh and locally sourced food.

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    Agtech

    The combination of traditional agricultural practices with technology, resulting in innovative solutions for better crop yields, environmental impact, and food production.

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    Food Dependence on Unstable Imports

    A food system where a country heavily relies on imports, leading to unstable supply chains and potential food shortages.

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    Cultured Meat

    A method of meat production that involves growing animal cells in a lab, rather than raising and slaughtering animals.

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    Upside Foods' Cultivated Chicken

    The first commercial sale of lab-grown, or cultivated, chicken in the United States. This signifies a major milestone for the future of food production.

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    Consumer Acceptance of Cultured Meat

    The challenge of getting consumers to accept and purchase lab-grown meat, despite its potential environmental and ethical benefits.

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    Smart Farming

    An approach to food production that uses sensors, artificial intelligence, and robotics to optimize crop yields and resource use.

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    Water and Soil Strain for Food Production

    The growing demand for water and soil for food production that threatens long-term sustainability.

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    Global Food Demand vs. Resource Availability

    The challenges of a rapidly growing global population outpacing the availability of resources required for food production.

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    Sustainability and Ethics of Traditional Meat Production

    The rising concern over the sustainability and ethical aspects of conventional meat production.

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    Creativity

    The ability to generate new ideas.

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    Individual Creativity

    A function of one's intellectual abilities, knowledge, personality, motivation, and environment.

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    Intellectual Abilities for Creativity

    The ability to look at problems in unconventional ways and articulate those ideas effectively.

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    Knowledge for Creativity

    A moderate degree of knowledge in a field is ideal for creativity.

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    Personality and Motivation for Creativity

    Confidence, willingness to take risks, and intrinsic motivation are crucial for creativity.

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    Environment for Creativity

    An environment that provides support and rewards encourages creativity.

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    Smarter = More Creative?

    A myth about creativity that suggests that intelligence is the only factor.

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    Young = More Creative?

    A myth about creativity that suggests that youth is the only period for creativity.

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    Creativity is for Risk-takers?

    A myth about creativity that suggests that only flamboyant risk-takers can be creative.

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    Creativity is a Solitary Act?

    A myth about creativity that suggests that creative work happens in isolation.

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    New Product Development

    The process of transforming ideas into successful products. This includes all stages from initial concept to launching the product in the market.

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    Innovation Funnel

    Refers to a series of steps that a company takes to develop and introduce new products. It starts with generating many ideas and ends with a successful product launch.

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    Innovation Discovery

    The process of identifying and developing new ideas for products, services, or processes. It emphasizes creativity and discovering new solutions.

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    Innovation Productivity

    The ability of a company to generate a large number of new ideas, even though only a few will eventually become successful products.

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    Innovation Strategy

    A strategic plan that outlines how a company intends to create and use new products or processes to achieve its goals.

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    Innovation Implementation

    The process of implementing a company's innovation strategy. It involves setting up the right processes, resources, culture, and infrastructure.

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    Commercialization

    A set of actions taken to bring an innovation to market and make it commercially successful. It involves testing, refining, and scaling up the product.

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    Fourth Industrial Revolution

    A new wave of technological advancements that merges physical, digital, and biological worlds. It profoundly affects industries, economies, and societies.

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    Incubation period

    A period of time where people can explore different solutions and options before making a final decision. This allows for experimentation and helps to ensure the best choice is made.

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    Devil's advocate

    A person assigned to challenge all assumptions and perspectives related to available options. They help to prevent groupthink and ensure all angles are considered.

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    Tolerate Dissent

    The practice of allowing and encouraging different opinions, even those that challenge the majority view. It helps to prevent groupthink and fosters diverse perspectives.

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    Groupthink

    A situation where a group's thinking becomes overly homogenous, leading to a narrowing of perspectives and potentially bad decisions. Groupthink can often occur when dissent is suppressed.

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    Organizational Creativity

    A combination of individual creativity and the environment within an organization that encourages and supports creative ideas. Factors such as organizational structure, routines, incentives, and culture all play a part.

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    Idea Collection Systems

    Processes and systems implemented to gather and share ideas within an organization. They provide platforms for employees to submit, collaborate, and refine ideas, often via suggestion boxes or intranet-based platforms.

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    Training/Education programs

    Programs designed to enhance the creative skills and knowledge of employees within an organization. They can cover various topics, including problem-solving, innovation, and design thinking techniques.

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    Organizational Culture

    The environment within an organization that influences how people think and behave. This can include values, beliefs, norms, and reward systems. It significantly impacts an organization's ability to foster creativity.

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    Study Notes

    Lecture Note 1: Importance and Sources of Technological Innovation

    • Technological innovation is crucial in today's business and society.
    • Innovations are altering the business world and society.
    • The creativity and characteristics of innovators (inventors) are important.
    • The sources of innovation are significant factors to study.

    The Big Picture

    • Technological innovations continuously reshape industries, daily life, and society.

    A World of Innovations

    • Many technological innovations exist, including medical treatments, consumer products, and AI products. (Examples shown in image)

    Some of the Most Important Technological Innovations

    • A list of significant technological innovations with their respective years. (Table provided in image)

    Music Industry

    • What has happened to the music industry in the last 10 years?
    • When was the last CD bought?
    • How people consume music at present.

    Autonomous Driving Cars

    • Competition and collaboration among companies in the autonomous vehicle industry (List provided in image).
    • What will possibly happen in the future of this industry?

    Education Industry

    • MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), Open Culture, Open Yale Courses, Edx, and Coursera are examples of online educational platforms.
    • What is likely to happen in the future of the education industry?

    The Importance of Technological Innovation

    • Firms heavily rely on recently developed products for their sales and profits.
    • Intense competition and globalization of markets have increased the pressure on firms to continuously innovate to differentiate their products and services.
    • New products are important to protect market margins and efficient processes help lower costs.

    The Impact of Technological Innovations on Industries

    • Development cycles are becoming shorter, product introductions faster, and market segmentation greater.
    • Product life cycles are shorter, like 4-12 months in software, 12-24 months in hardware and consumer electronics, and 18-36 months in large home appliances.
    • Companies that fail to keep up with innovation quickly see their margins shrink as their products become obsolete.
    • Technological advancements have raised industry standards.
    • Industry examples of companies affected by this shift include Nokia, Blackberry and LG smart phones.

    Fortune 500 Rankings: 1990 vs. 2023

    • A list of top companies from 1990 and 2023. (Table provided in image).

    Electronic Industry

    • What has happened in the electronic industry over the last 20 years?

    What about Automobile Industry? Hyundai Motors

    • Mentioning the Hyundai Motor logo and a picture of a Hyundai car.

    The Impact of Technological Innovation on Society and Beyond

    • Innovation allows for the creation of new knowledge and solving problems, as well as pursuing goals.
    • Innovation leads to efficiency in food production, better medical treatments, better communication, and better mobility.
    • However, innovations can also pose negative externalities like pollution and resource depletion.

    "Clean Meat" Story

    • In 2017, high-profile investors such as Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, and Jack Ma announced that they were funding a startup called "Memphis Meats" (now Upside Foods).
    • The goal was to develop meat substitutes through stem cell technology.

    Why "Clean Meat"?

    • Rising demand for meat due to population growth and higher living standards creates a need for alternative solutions
    • The negative impact of animal agriculture on the environment, such as greenhouse gas emissions.

    Production Stages of Clean Meat

    • Steps in how clean meat is produced. (Diagram provided in image).

    Why "Clean Meat"?

    • Efficiency of animal production is low in terms of resource use
    • Producing a single chicken requires more than 1,000 gallons of water.
    • A single gallon of cow's milk requires 900 gallons of water.
    • The resources used to produce beef (23 calories worth of input) for one calorie of meat).

    Why "Clean Meat"?

    • A study by Oxford University indicated that meat grown from stem cells would result in up to 96% fewer greenhouse gas emissions, 45% less energy use, 99% less land use, and 96% less water consumption.
    • Experts agree on the considerable efficiency of cultivated meat
    • The cultivated meat will not contain antibiotics, steroids or bacteria like E. coli
    • Cultivated meat is also healthier for human health.

    Going Commercial

    • In 2015, Uma Valeti, a cardiologist, created a lab for cultured meat at the University of Minnesota.
    • The goal was to develop a healthier and more ethical source of meat.
    • Valeti's team developed methods for making meat that had the taste and texture of standard meat in 2015
    • In 2015, Valeti's team held a tasting event for cultivated meat.
    • Large food companies took notice, and by 2016 and 2017 significant investments in Memphis Meats were made.

    History Made

    • Upside Foods received approval to sell cultivated chicken in the US in June 2023
    • The product will launch at a San Francisco restaurant.

    The Future?

    • Consumer acceptance is the key challenge for cultivated meat
    • Some individuals like Sergey Brin, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, Jack Ma, and Richard Branson are confident that people will accept cultivated meat in the future.

    Agriculture Technology Innovations

    • AgTech includes smart farming and AI, big data, and robotics.

    Agtech: Why?

    • Demand for food is increasing, and the world will need more water for food production by 2050.
    • Current food production methods stress water and soil resources.
    • Unstable food imports impact on food supply, food quality, and the environment.
    • Sustainable and eco friendly food production is needed.

    Agtech: Definition

    • Agtech combines agriculture and technology to develop farming methods and improve agricultural practices.
    • Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) involves indoor controlled environments to optimize growth conditions.
    • Vertical farming involves stacking layers of crops to maximize efficiency.

    The Future of Sustainable Urban Food Production

    • Infarm is a company developing technology for indoor farming.

    Introduction

    • Infarm grows spices, vegetables, and fruits indoors using vertical farming systems, light sources, and thermostatic controls

    Overview

    • Vertical farming is a method for growing crops indoors in controlled environments.

    Company at a Glance

    • Infarm was founded in Berlin in 2013, focused on developing solutions with self-sufficiency needs, superior flavors, and pesticide-free produce, all focusing on creating sustainable agricultural systems.
    • Advantages over traditional farming include reduced transportation costs, reduced emissions, minimal water needs, and improved resilience to adverse weather.
    • Challenges include controlling temperature and humidity, proper ventilation, placement of HVAC equipment.

    Currently,

    • Infarm operates vertical farms across multiple countries, notably in collaboration with supermarkets in the US.

    Why Infarm?

    • Infarm's produce is fresh, pure (no pesticides), and lasts long.
    • Freshness and quality are guaranteed through fresh produce.

    Ynsect: Reinventing the Food Chain

    • Ynsect is a company focused on developing mealworm farming.
    • They are using mealworms for animal food and human food which is a new stable protein source for animals and humans.
    • They are producing a sustainable fertilizer solution for aquaculture.

    Permian Basin

    • The Permian Basin is an area known for significant natural gas and oil resources

    Fracking & Horizontal Drilling

    • Methods and steps in extracting natural gas from the Permian Basin. (Diagram provided in image)

    Technological Innovations of Drilling and Fracking

    • Dramatic advancements in gas and oil extraction techniques
    • The US shale oil and gas industry has grown significantly
    • The Permian Basin's output has approached the level of Iran, the third-largest member of OPEC
    • The U.S. has risen as a significant global energy producer
    • These advancements have significantly affected the global oil market, the US economy, political and diplomatic policies and the environment.

    The Strategic Management of Technological Innovation

    • Most new product ideas do not become commercial successes.
    • The path to successful products is long, costly, and challenging (3000 raw ideas for one product; one out of 5000 compounds becomes a medicine; development can take 15 years and cost USD 1 billion).
    • A well considered strategic approach is needed to commercialize the products.

    Innovation Funnel

    • The process from idea to product in pharmaceuticals. (Diagram provided in image)

    The Strategic Management of Technological Innovation

    • New product development procedures should maximize the possibility of both technical and commercial innovation success.
    • Deep insight into the principles behind innovation is needed to formulate strong innovation strategies.

    What's Next?

    • The next step in technological development will require further analysis.

    The 4th Industrial Revolution

    • The 4th industrial revolution leverages the fusion of physical, digital, and biological technology affecting all disciplines, industries, and economies

    The 4th Industrial Revolution

    • The integration of IoT, big data, AI, cloud computing, and 3D printing presents a range of challenges and opportunities which may impact social policies, population growth and may lead to job displacement.

    Generative AI

    • Generative AI is a new form of technological advancement
    • Neuralink is developing technology that allows connecting the human brain to machines (Brain-computer interface).

    Are We Ready?

    • This is a question that should be asked about the readiness of humanity for these new and transformative technologies.

    Innovation

    • The implementation of new ideas into devices or processes requires diverse sources like individuals, businesses, universities.
    • Firms are better suited to innovation due to their resources and incentives.
    • Innovative networks help leverage knowledge.

    Creativity

    • Individual creativity relies on intellectual abilities, knowledge, personality, and motivation within a suitable environment
    • Creativity is about generating new ideas and solving problems unconventionally
    • Innovation happens when ideas are articulated and accepted in a group

    Myths about Creativity

    • Creativity isn't just for the young or the exceptionally intelligent, but is an ability honed through experience and practice
    • Management can foster a supportive and innovative environment

    Creativity can Be Grown

    • Creativity can be a skill cultivated and enhanced.

    Creative Groups

    • Innovation is a product of creative teams combining the strengths of individual members

    Creative Groups

    • Creative teams face challenges to coordinate divergent and convergent thinking to ensure consistent and productive output.

    Diversity of Skills

    • Creative groups benefit from a variety of perspectives and skills.
    • Effective teams incorporate perspectives that are different from those of the team members themselves; they use a diverse range of specialized skills
    • Organizations should cultivate innovative environments, look for people who have different intellectual viewpoints.

    Divergent vs. Convergent Thinking in Group Thinking

    • Divergent thinking involves exploring various directions and perspectives to generate numerous ideas; divergent thinking must be balanced by a convergent approach to evaluate those ideas critically to determine their value

    Divergent vs. Convergent Thinking

    • Convergent thinking focuses on narrowing down ideas to the best solution by evaluating diverse perspectives and consolidating novel ideas from diverse sources.
    • Groupwork needs to consider the balance between generating new ideas and then evaluating those ideas critically so that the best ideas are identified and worked on.

    Tips for Improving Convergent Thinking

    • Work groups tend to quickly decide on solutions and don't welcome dissent
    • It helps to have a period where they can analyze options, with an advocate for criticism as well as support, promoting the development of appropriate solutions

    Organizational Creativity

    • Organizational creativity involves processes and factors in the organization, including systems for idea generation and communication.
    • Idea collection systems like suggestion boxes and intranets can facilitate teamwork
    • Employee interactions and collaboration are enhanced with these types of systems.

    Tips for Increasing Your Creativity

    • Strive for a balance between professional incentives and personal interests
    • Immersing oneself in problems that match one's interests deepens one's understanding of problems and fosters creative solutions
    • Creative ideas can come from the unexpected.

    Tips for Increasing Your Creativity

    • Experimentation and the willingness to experience failure help develop creativity
    • Creativity is fostered by practicing ideas, and seeing one small success builds confidence.
    • Be open to failures, as these experiences are opportunities for learning and growth
    • Embrace risks and challenges; they are part of the process of generating new ideas

    Tips for Increasing Your Creativity

    • Creativity is developed by exposure to new stimuli such as networking and cross-pollination from diverse groups and challenges
    • Diverse sources and interests enhance creativity

    The Inventor

    • Successful innovators like Dean Kamen, Thomas Edison, and James Dyson have expertise in particular fields but also understand related areas

    Innovation by Users

    • Innovations often start from individuals who create solutions for their personal needs

    Research & Development by Firms

    • Firms engage in research and development to generate innovative products and processes.

    Innovation by Firms' R & D Efforts

    • Firm's R&D spending correlates with sales growth, new products success, and profitability. Successful firms use several sources of information and ideas.

    Innovation in Collaborative Networks

    • Collaborative networks, often formed by firms, universities, and government organizations, often lead to significant innovations.
    • Networks leveraging resources and capabilities are influential drivers of innovation.

    Technology Clusters

    • Geographical proximity of groups fosters innovation through knowledge exchange
    • Clusters like Silicon Valley and others have seen strong innovation success because of their proximity

    Money: Venture Capital Investments

    • Venture capital funding plays a significant role in the development and success of new technologies.
    • Funding is concentrated in specific areas such as Silicon Valley.

    Top Talents

    • A ranking for specific top talents and organizations associated with technological breakthroughs.

    Technology Spillovers

    • Technology spillovers influence innovation positively.
    • Other entities benefit from the research efforts of one entity
    • The strength of intellectual property protection mechanisms
    • Knowledge transfer, and researcher mobility influences Technology spillover

    NY Became A Tech City

    • New York City is becoming an important center for technology.

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    Description

    This quiz explores critical challenges related to long-distance food transportation, sustainable practices in agriculture, and innovations in pharmaceutical development. It assesses understanding of Agtech, Controlled Environment Agriculture, and the specific advantages of urban food production strategies like vertical farming.

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