Chapter 5 SVN3M1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component that makes up soil?

  • Organic material
  • Water
  • Air
  • Weathered rock (correct)

    • Which soil type is considered ideal for agriculture and why?

  • Clay, because it retains water well
  • Loam, for its balance of nutrients and water retention (correct)
  • Silt, for its fine texture and easy planting
  • Sandy, due to its good drainage properties

    • What is one way living organisms in the soil contribute to its health?

  • They ensure plants do not absorb water
  • They decrease the amount of organic matter
  • They increase nutrient availability (correct)
  • They reduce soil drainage

    • What is a disadvantage of monoculture?

    <p>Depletion of soil nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual pH range in which most plants thrive?

    <p>6-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of soil porosity?

    <p>The size and number of spaces among soil particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do bacteria and fungi play in the soil ecosystem?

    <p>They help in the decay and recycling of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mechanized agriculture?

    <p>Raising plants and livestock using machines and fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using drip irrigation?

    <p>It delivers water directly to the plant roots with high efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an organic product?

    <p>A product free from artificial growth hormones and GMOs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of rangelands?

    <p>They primarily consist of ecosystems dominated by grasses and shrubs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of CAFOs (Confined Animal Feeding Operations)?

    <p>They require large amounts of fossil fuels for production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of confined animal feeding operations?

    <p>To house animals in small spaces for rapid growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do enclosed pastures provide compared to rangelands?

    <p>They help maintain controlled biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common consequence of overgrazing in rangelands?

    <p>Damage to the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using renewable energy sources?

    <p>They lead to better environmental outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between agriculture and aquaculture?

    <p>Agriculture includes crop and livestock production, whereas aquaculture is specifically for fish and seafood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the Green Revolution primarily occur?

    <p>1950s-1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of the Green Revolution?

    <p>It increased fertilizer and pesticide use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plant breeding primarily concerned with?

    <p>Changing the traits of plants to produce desired characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between primary and secondary succession?

    <p>Secondary succession involves recolonization after disturbances where soil remains intact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are basic requirements for plant growth?

    <p>Soil, sunlight, nutrients, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main macronutrients that plants need?

    <p>Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants need space to grow?

    <p>To ensure roots, stems, and branches have room to develop and access light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main macro nutrients involved in crop growth?

    <p>Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during eutrophication as a result of fertilizer runoff?

    <p>An explosion of algae that blocks sunlight and affects aquatic life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes bioaccumulation?

    <p>The gradual increase of pesticides within the same species across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant negative effect of using pesticides?

    <p>It can kill non-target species, harming the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of synthetic fertilizers?

    <p>To provide a fast boost of nutrients directly to plant roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is responsible for regulating pesticides in Canada?

    <p>Pest Management Regulatory Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes natural pesticides from synthetic pesticides?

    <p>Natural pesticides are produced by plants to defend against pests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which irrigation method involves delivering water directly to the base of each plant?

    <p>Drip irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is irrigation primarily used for in agriculture?

    <p>To allow crops to grow in areas lacking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which irrigation method is considered the most inefficient due to high evaporation rates?

    <p>Spray Irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of GMOs in agriculture?

    <p>To alter genetic makeup for desired traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is NOT commonly modified in crops through genetic engineering?

    <p>Frost resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of sustainable agriculture?

    <p>To produce food for current needs without jeopardizing future needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of polyculture in agriculture?

    <p>Increased biodiversity and conservation of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does corn play in the Three Sisters planting method?

    <p>It provides structure for beans to climb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is leaving stalks, stems, and leaves on the land after harvesting beneficial?

    <p>It helps retain moisture and reduce erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of strip cropping?

    <p>Reduces soil erosion and maintains soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does crop rotation help preserve soil nutrients?

    <p>By planting crops that restore nitrogen to the soil after nutrient-depleting crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using mulch in soil management?

    <p>To reduce soil erosion and maintain temperature and moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

    <p>Introduction of natural predators to control pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is green manure?

    <p>Vegetation grown and ploughed into the topsoil to enhance soil nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of Integrated Pest Management?

    <p>To reduce pest populations to economically acceptable levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of irrigation is considered best for soil health?

    <p>Drip irrigation, as it provides water directly to the plant roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key step in the IPM process?

    <p>Identifying pests present in the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Agriculture vs Aquaculture

    • Agriculture: crop and livestock production
    • Aquaculture: fish and seafood production

    The Green Revolution

    • Occurred in the 1950s-1970s
    • Introduced new plant varieties and farming methods
    • Pros: increased food production, more efficient methods
    • Cons: increased fertilizer and pesticide use, higher water needs, more benefit to large companies than small farms

    Plant Breeding

    • The art and science of changing plant traits
    • Traits breeders incorporate: increased quality/yield, pest/disease resistance, tolerance to environmental pressures

    Primary vs Secondary Succession

    • Primary succession: colonization of an area with no soil
    • Secondary succession: recolonization of an area after a disturbance where soil remains

    Plant Requirements

    • Sunlight: Photosynthesis (CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2), Cellular respiration (C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP)
    • Gases: needed for photosynthesis and respiration
    • Soil: supports and anchors the plant
    • Water: used for photosynthesis, dissolving nutrients
    • Nutrients and minerals: needed for growth
    • Space: needed for roots, stems and branches to grow

    Soil Components

    • Mineral grains, air, water, and organic matter (humus)
    • Weathered rock, decaying organic matter, bedrock
    • Humus: organic material, increases water-holding ability and acidity, improves soil structure, makes nutrients easier to absorb

    Soil Properties

    • Porosity: the space among soil particles
    • pH: the acidity or basicity of soil; most plants thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil (6-7)

    Mechanized Agriculture

    • "Mechanized agriculture": uses machines and fossil fuels for plant and livestock production
    • Monoculture: growing a single crop on a large scale
    • Advantages: easier and less expensive to plant and grow, increased crop yields
    • Disadvantages: same crops year-after-year removes soil nutrients, lack of biodiversity, more vulnerable to pests and diseases

    Nutrients

    • Macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)
    • Micro-Nutrients: Boron, Manganese, Zinc, Calcium

    Soil Organisms

    • Worms: mix organic and inorganic matter, increase nutrient availability, soil drainage
    • Bacteria and Fungi: decay and recycling of materials

    GMOs

    • Genetically Modified Organisms
    • Examples of modified traits: insect resistance, herbicide resistance, virus resistance, insect and herb resistance

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    SVN3M1 Chapter 5 Test Review PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the differences between agriculture and aquaculture, including the impacts of the Green Revolution and the science of plant breeding. Explore concepts of ecological succession and the essential requirements for plant growth. This quiz combines agricultural practices with essential biological principles.

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