Agriculture Chapters 1 & 2 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the year of the first edition of the science textbook?

  • 2017
  • 2010
  • 2008 (correct)
  • 2012

    • Which of the following statements is false regarding the textbook's reproduction policy?

  • It cannot be transmitted without prior permission from the publisher.
  • It cannot be stored in a retrieval system without permission.
  • It can be reproduced without permission for educational purposes. (correct)
  • It must not be lent or re-sold without the publisher's consent.

    • In which year was the textbook reprinted?

  • 2011
  • 2014 (correct)
  • 2010
  • 2018

    • What is the ISBN number of the science textbook for Class VIII?

    <p>978-81-7450-812-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a condition of sale for the textbook?

    <p>It may be reproduced for non-commercial use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Preamble of the Constitution of India aim to secure for its citizens?

    <p>Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Constitution of India adopted?

    <p>26th November 1949</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change was made by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976?

    <p>It added the term 'socialist' to describe India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is NOT explicitly mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution of India?

    <p>Federalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intent of the activities and projects mentioned?

    <p>To enhance children's interaction with various individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'fraternity' in the Preamble promote?

    <p>Unity and integrity of the nation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach to learning does the text encourage for children?

    <p>Performing activities and learning by doing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should teachers and parents do if they encounter a question they cannot answer?

    <p>Promise to find the answer and address it later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested regarding the use of alternative activities?

    <p>They can be used to supplement or replace the given activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main recommendations for interacting with children during learning?

    <p>Encourage them to ask questions freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resource is suggested if answers cannot be found locally?

    <p>NCERT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Editing Team mentioned in the content?

    <p>Help in bringing the book to its present form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of local/regional alternatives in the activities?

    <p>They are encouraged to cater to the local context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What topic is covered in Chapter 3 of the textbook?

    <p>Coal and Petroleum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter would you find information about the conservation of plant and animal species?

    <p>Conservation of Plants and Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Chapter 10 in the textbook?

    <p>Sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter discusses the effects of electric current?

    <p>Chemical Effects of Electric Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme of Chapter 7?

    <p>Reaching the Age of Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Chief Advisor mentioned in the acknowledgments?

    <p>Narlikar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is affiliated with Delhi University?

    <p>Gagandeep Bajaj</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which member is a Reader in Chemistry at IGNOU?

    <p>Lalita S.Kumar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What title does R.S.Sindhu hold in the acknowledgment section?

    <p>Member-Coordinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a member of the NCERT acknowledgment?

    <p>K.C.Sharma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is a Professor (Retd.) and part of the advisory board?

    <p>V.B.Bhatia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the member associated with the Department of Education in Science and Mathematics at NCERT.

    <p>J.S.Gill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is a Lecturer at the Central Institute of Educational Technology?

    <p>Shashi Prabha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management

    • Crop production relies on various factors: climate, soil, water, and nutrients.
    • Farming practices are essential for successful crop production:
      • Tilling: preparing the soil for sowing seeds.
      • Sowing: placing seeds in the ground.
      • Irrigation: supplying water to crops.
      • Adding manure and fertilizers: providing nutrients to the soil.
      • Harvesting: collecting the matured crops.
    • Crop rotation improves soil fertility by alternating different crops.
    • Different crop varieties are bred to improve yield and disease resistance.

    Chapter 2: Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

    • Microorganisms are microscopic living organisms found everywhere: air, water, soil, and even inside other living things.
    • Microorganisms can be both beneficial and harmful:
      • Beneficial uses:
        • Food production: Bacteria in curd, yeast in bread, and fungi in mushrooms.
        • Waste decomposition: Breaking down organic waste materials.
        • Biogas production: Microorganisms break down organic matter to produce biogas.
        • Medicine: Production of antibiotics and vaccines.
      • Harmful effects:
        • Diseases: Cause illness in humans, animals, and plants.
        • Food spoilage: Degrading food quality and making it inedible.
      • Food preservation methods help prevent spoilage by microorganisms:
        • Heating: Pasteurization and sterilization.
        • Cooling: Refrigeration and freezing.
        • Drying: Dehydration.
        • Pickling: Using salt, sugar, or vinegar to create a hostile environment.

    Chapter 3: Coal and Petroleum

    • Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms:
      • Coal is a fossil fuel formed from compressed plant remains in swampy areas.
      • Petroleum (crude oil) is a fossil fuel formed from compressed remains of marine organisms.
    • Coal and Petroleum are:
      • Non-renewable resources because they cannot be replenished at the rate at which they are used.
      • Used as fuels to generate power (electricity) in thermal power plants.
    • Petroleum is also used as:
      • A raw material for the production of various petrochemicals: plastics, synthetic fibers, and other chemicals.

    Chapter 4: Combustion and Flame

    • Combustion is a chemical process that involves the rapid reaction between a substance with oxygen, producing heat and light.
    • Conditions required for combustion:
      • Fuel: A substance that can burn.
      • Oxygen: A supporter of combustion.
      • Heat: To start the combustion.
    • Types of combustion:
      • Rapid combustion: A quick and intense burning.
      • Spontaneous combustion: Occurs when a material ignites on its own, without an external heat source.
      • Explosion: A rapid combustion that produces a large amount of energy in a short period.
    • Flame: The visible hot, glowing gas produced during combustion.
    • Different parts of a flame:
      • Innermost zone: Coolest part of the flame.
      • Middle zone: Somewhat hot and luminous.
      • Outermost zone: Hottest zone, with the highest temperature and complete combustion.

    Chapter 5: Conservation of Plants and Animals

    • Biodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal life in a particular region.
    • Conservation is essential to maintain biodiversity and the natural balance of ecosystems:
      • Importance of biodiversity:
        • Provides food, medicines, raw materials.
        • Regulates climate and air quality.
        • Supports a variety of ecological services.
    • Threats to biodiversity:
      • Habitat loss: Due to deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture.
      • Pollution: Air, water, soil, and noise pollution.
      • Overexploitation: Excessive harvesting and unsustainable use of resources.
      • Poaching and illegal trade: Hunting and trafficking of endangered species.
    • Conservation methods:
      • Protected areas: National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves.
      • Reforestation and afforestation: Planting trees.
      • Sustainable use of resources: Conserving water, reducing waste, and promoting eco-friendly practices.
      • Red data book: Lists endangered species.

    Chapter 6: Reproduction in Animals

    • Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new individuals of their own kind.
    • Modes of reproduction in animals:
      • Sexual reproduction: Involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg).
      • Asexual reproduction: Does not involve the fusion of gametes, and a single parent can produce offspring.
    • Types of fertilization:
      • Internal fertilization: Fusion of gametes occurs inside the body of the female.
      • External fertilization: Fusion of gametes occurs outside the body of the female, usually in water.
    • Development of young ones:
      • Viviparous animals: Give birth to live young ones.
      • Oviparous animals: Lay eggs.

    Chapter 7: Reaching the Age of Adolescence

    • Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood, marked by physical, emotional, and social changes.
    • Physical changes during adolescence:
      • Increased growth rate: Puberty begins, and rapid growth occurs.
      • Sexual maturation: Development of secondary sexual characteristics (breasts in girls, facial hair in boys).
      • Hormonal changes: Production of sex hormones (estrogens in girls and testosterone in boys).
    • Emotional changes:
      • Increased sensitivity and mood swings.
      • Developing a sense of identity and independence.
    • Social changes:
      • Peer group influence increases significantly.
      • Developing relationships with opposite gender.
    • Puberty: The period when reproductive organs mature.
    • Menstruation in girls: Regular bleeding from the uterus, accompanied by hormonal changes.
    • Sperm production in boys: Production of sperm by the testes, starting at puberty.
    • Importance of hygiene and sanitation:
      • Maintaining good hygiene is crucial during adolescence.

    Chapter 8: Force and Pressure

    • Force: A push or pull that can change the motion of an object or deform it.
    • Types of forces:
      • Contact forces: Act when objects are in contact, such as frictional force or muscular force.
      • Non-contact forces: Act without direct contact, such as gravitational force or magnetic force.
    • Effects of force:
      • Can change the speed of an object.
      • Can change the direction of an object's motion.
      • Can change the shape of an object.
    • Pressure: Force acting on a unit area.
    • Pressure = Force/Area
    • Factors affecting pressure:
      • Force: Increase in force increases pressure.
      • Area: Decrease in area increases pressure.

    Chapter 9: Friction

    • Friction: A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
    • Causes of friction: Roughness of surfaces.
    • Types of friction:
      • Static friction: Between stationary objects.
      • Sliding friction: Between surfaces in relative motion.
      • Rolling friction: Between a rolling object and a surface.
    • Factors affecting friction:
      • Nature of surfaces: Rougher surfaces have higher friction.
      • Area of contact: Larger area generally means higher friction.
      • Normal force: Higher normal force (force pushing surfaces together) increases friction.
    • Uses and disadvantages of friction:
      • Uses: Walking, writing, braking.
      • Disadvantages: Wasting energy, wear and tear.

    Chapter 10: Sound

    • Sound: A form of energy that travels as waves and produces a sensation of hearing.
    • Sound production: Vibrating objects produce sound.
    • Sound propagation:
      • Sound travels through various media: solids, liquids, and gases.
      • Speed of sound: Faster in solids than in liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases.
    • Sound characteristics:
      • Loudness: Determined by the amplitude of sound waves; measured in decibels (dB).
      • Pitch: Determined by the frequency of sound waves; higher frequency corresponds to higher pitch.
      • Timbre: The quality of sound that distinguishes different sounds with the same pitch and loudness.

    Chapter 11: Chemical Effects of Electric Current

    • Electric current can produce chemical effects when passed through a solution containing ions.
    • Electrolysis: The process of breaking down a compound into its simpler components using electric current.
    • Electroplating: The process of coating a metal surface with a thin layer of another metal using electrolysis.
    • Applications of electrolysis:
      • Extraction of metals from ores.
      • Purification of metals.
      • Electroplating: To enhance appearance, prevent corrosion, and improve conductivity.

    Chapter 12: Some Natural Phenomena

    • Thunderstorms: Storms involving lightning and thunder.
    • Lightning: A giant spark of electricity that occurs between clouds or between a cloud and the ground.
    • Thunder: Loud sound produced by the rapid heating of air caused by lightning.
    • Precautions during thunderstorms:
      • Seek shelter in a building or a car.
      • Avoid open fields, water bodies, and tall trees.
    • Earthquakes: Sudden movements or vibrations of the Earth's crust.
    • Causes of earthquakes:
      • The movement of tectonic plates.
      • Volcanic eruptions.
    • Effects of earthquakes: Damage to buildings, landslides, tsunamis.
    • Seismic waves: Waves generated by earthquakes, which travel through the Earth's interior.
    • Richter Scale: A logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
    • Tsunamis: Giant waves caused by earthquakes or underwater volcanic eruptions.

    Chapter 13: Light

    • Light: A form of energy that travels in straight lines called rays.
    • Reflection of light: Bouncing back of light when it strikes a surface.
      • Laws of reflection:
        • Angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
        • Incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal (perpendicular to the surface) lie in the same plane.
    • Types of reflection:
      • Regular reflection: Occurs from smooth surfaces, producing a clear image.
      • Diffuse reflection: Occurs from rough surfaces, producing a scattered reflection.
    • Refraction of light: Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
      • Laws of refraction:
        • Bent ray, incident ray, and the normal lie in the same plane.
        • Snell's Law: The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant for a given pair of media.
    • Applications of reflection and refraction:
      • Mirrors: Using reflection.
      • Lenses: Using refraction.
      • Optic fiber communication: Using total internal reflection.

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