Agriculture and Sustainable Development Goals

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Questions and Answers

What factors compel agricultural communities to move to new fields?

The diminishing productivity and fertility of previously cultivated land compel them to seek new fields.

How do irrigation and water sources contribute to the establishment of rice field systems?

Irrigation and water sources are essential for supporting the cultivation of rice, which thrives in wet conditions.

What happens to the fertility of the land after several harvests?

The fertility of the land decreases after several harvests, leading to reduced productivity.

What practice is associated with moving to new fields in shifting agriculture?

The practice of 'slashed and burned' agriculture is used to clear new fields for planting. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of artificial ecosystems relate to agricultural practices described?

Artificial ecosystems, like those created through slash-and-burn methods, aim to provide food in areas of shifting cultivation. Signup and view all the answers

How does the agricultural sector contribute to the achievement of SDGs?

The agricultural sector significantly contributes to achieving the SDGs by directly addressing poverty, hunger, health, education, gender inequality, and environmental sustainability. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main SDG targets related to agriculture?

'No Poverty' and 'Zero Hunger' are the two main SDG targets directly related to agriculture. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do food needs increase with population growth?

Food needs are directly proportional to population increase, meaning more people leads to higher demand for food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the projected Indonesian population for 2030 according to BPS estimates?

The projected Indonesian population for 2030 is 294,100,000. Signup and view all the answers

How are humans described in relation to their needs for survival?

Humans are described as organisms that need to move and grow, requiring energy from food, clothing, and shelter. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the agricultural sector play in combating environmental issues?

The agricultural sector plays a role in combating environmental issues by promoting sustainability in food production and addressing related health problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 17 SDGs and 169 targets in the context of agriculture?

The 17 SDGs and 169 targets are significant as they encompass various aspects of life that agriculture can help improve, particularly in eradicating poverty and hunger. Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the relationship between food needs and population important for agriculture?

Understanding this relationship is important as it helps predict food production requirements and ensure food security for growing populations. Signup and view all the answers

What agricultural innovation did the Green Revolution introduce to help improve crop yield?

The Green Revolution introduced High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of crops. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Panca Usaha Tani Project in Indonesia?

The primary goal was to implement the Green Revolution through agricultural extension. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Green Revolution affect smallholder farming in Indonesia?

It shifted smallholder farming towards business agriculture. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with sparking the Green Revolution?

Norman Borlaug is credited with initiating the Green Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What infrastructure developments were significant during the New Order Era for agriculture?

Massive investments were made in reservoirs, dams, and irrigation systems. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'agricultural involution' refer to in the context of the Green Revolution?

Agricultural involution refers to increased crop yield without a rise in work productivity. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Colonial Agrarian Law (1870) in the Dutch East Indies?

To regulate land rights and facilitate the exploitation of land for economic gain. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between erfpacht and eigendom rights in the context of Dutch colonial land laws.

Erfpacht rights allow individuals to cultivate state-owned abandoned land, while eigendom rights grant ownership and inheritance privileges. Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Five Year Development Plan (Repelita) during the New Order Era?

The focus was on achieving food self-sufficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Self-Serving Food Material Mass Demonstration (Denmas SSBM) intended to achieve?

It aimed to demonstrate the benefits of the Green Revolution principles to farmers. Signup and view all the answers

How did ethnic politics in the 1890s change the perception of Indonesia in colonial policy?

It shifted views from seeing Indonesia merely as a profitable area to recognizing it as a region in need of development. Signup and view all the answers

What were the three main focuses of ethnic politics introduced in the 1890s?

Irrigation, education, and migration. Signup and view all the answers

During the Old Order Era (1945–1967), what challenge did Indonesia face regarding food supply?

Indonesia experienced a food scarcity issue between 1950 and 1959. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event concerning agriculture took place on April 27, 1952, involving President Sukarno?

President Sukarno delivered a visionary speech that led to the establishment of an Agricultural Institute in Bogor. Signup and view all the answers

What did President Sukarno mean by referring to his speech as 'About Life or Death' in the context of Indonesian agriculture?

He emphasized the critical importance of agricultural development for the survival and prosperity of the nation. Signup and view all the answers

What was established in 1974 to enhance agricultural research in Indonesia?

The Agricultural Research and Development Agency was formed. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the forced cultivation system (Cultuurstelsel) exploit the resources of the Dutch East Indies?

It mandated the cultivation of cash crops for export, often at the expense of local food production. Signup and view all the answers

What significant agricultural advancement did Indonesia achieve by 1984?

Indonesia achieved self-sufficiency in rice production. Signup and view all the answers

Which decree in 1993 led to the establishment of agricultural technology institutes in Indonesia?

Presidential Decree No. 83/1993. Signup and view all the answers

How did agricultural policies change between 2000 and 2004 in Indonesia?

They shifted towards an agribusiness system approach. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the 1998 agricultural policy in Indonesia?

To restore agricultural growth. Signup and view all the answers

What did Presidential Instruction No. 9/2002 address in terms of food management?

It introduced a new concept of rice management. Signup and view all the answers

What law enacted in 2006 contributed to the revitalization of agriculture in Indonesia?

Law no. 16/2006 concerning Agricultural, Animal Husbandry and Forestry Extension Systems. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of agricultural revitalization efforts by 2008?

Indonesia achieved its second rice self-sufficiency. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Role of Agriculture in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Agriculture significantly contributes to achieving SDGs, enhancing human welfare and environmental health.
Directly linked to SDGs targets focusing on eradicating poverty ("No Poverty") and hunger ("Zero Hunger") by 2030.
The agricultural sector impacts 17 SDGs and 169 targets encompassing poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability.

Population Growth and Food Needs

Indonesian population in 2015: 238.5 million; 2020: 271.1 million (predicted growth to 294.1 million by 2030).
Food is a primary human need linked to population growth, requiring access to resources like water and irrigation for sustainable agriculture.

Agricultural Practices and Environmental Impact

Traditional shifting cultivation practices lead to forest clearing for agricultural land, resulting in diminished soil fertility over time.
Productivity decreases after several harvests, prompting communities to migrate and clear new fields.

Colonial Agricultural Policies

Colonial agrarian law established in 1870; Erfpacht rights allowed cultivation of abandoned state-owned lands.
Ethnic politics in the late 19th century shifted views towards developing Indonesian agriculture focused on irrigation, education, and migration, primarily benefiting Dutch interests.

Indonesian Agriculture Post-Independence (1945)

From 1950-1959, Indonesia faced food shortages; initiatives like the Agricultural Institute launched to advance agricultural practices.
Green Revolution initiated in 1963 led to national movements promoting modern agricultural methods, including the use of high-yield varieties (HYV) and improved practices.

Green Revolution Impact

The Green Revolution (1950-1980) transformed subsistence agriculture into business agriculture in Indonesia.
Spurred self-sufficiency in food production and developed superior agricultural systems, though productivity per unit of labor did not see corresponding growth.

Agricultural Development Phases

New Order Era (1967-1997): Massive investments in agricultural infrastructure; focus on food self-sufficiency with the establishment of cooperatives and research institutions.
Reform Era (1997-2014): Post-1998, policies shifted to an agribusiness approach; notable legislation and strategies to revitalize agriculture and achieve rice self-sufficiency by 2008.

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Description

This quiz explores the critical role agriculture plays in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and highlights its impact on poverty, hunger, and environmental sustainability. Learn about the relationship between population growth, food needs, and agricultural practices, as well as their implications for the future.