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Questions and Answers
Bio-diesel fuel is associated with the demand of what industry?
Agriculture
What percent of the total food production in the United States is organic food?
2%
In what three areas is organic food found?
Core, semi-periphery, and periphery regions
Demand for organic foods is greatest in the semi-periphery regions.
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According to the US Census of Agriculture (2007), there are no acres certified for organic agricultural production in which states?
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What is a primary economic activity? Provide specific examples.
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Guatemala's agricultural sector produces 13% of the country's GDP and employs what percent of the labor force?
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The agricultural sector of Canada is which of these: labor intensive, animal intensive, or machine intensive?
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Hunter-gatherers living in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean specialized in what kind of food activity?
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According to Carl Sauer, what was probably the earliest kind of plant domestication?
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During the First Agricultural Revolution, where do most scholars believe that seed cultivation occurred?
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List the plants associated with Meso-American, Southeast Asian, Southwest Asian, and Ethiopian agricultural hearths.
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In which region did the American Corn Belt originate?
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Goats were domesticated 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountain region which was a part of what hearth?
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Cattle were domesticated in which region and became an important cultural feature?
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Of the 148 species of large herbivores (over 100 lbs), how many have been domesticated over 4,500 years ago?
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Where is the service region for the domestication of hemp, eggplants, and mangoes located?
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List examples of hunting and gathering groups that still existed in the early 2000s.
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Do hunters and gatherers construct and live in permanent settlements?
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What is shifting cultivation?
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What is Milpa agriculture?
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About how many people practice shifting cultivation in the world today?
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Describe the population in areas of shifting cultivation.
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Colonial powers would make subsistence farmers grow what kind of crops?
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Before the intervention of Europeans, why were societies practicing subsistence farming equal?
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Why does the destruction of subsistence farming communities sometimes lead to the decline in culture of the people?
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The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?
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Order the commodities from closest to farthest away from town in von Thunen's model:
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Why did von Thunen's model have a concentric circle of forest around the city?
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Describe the difference found in soils between intensively used fields near villages and those further away.
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By 1992, the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called what?
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In the 1940s, American philanthropists funded research on what crop?
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What is the average size of a family farm in China?
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The IR8 rice was an early result of what Agricultural Revolution?
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Because of the Green Revolution, most famines today are a result of what?
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What is the correct name of the rectangular land division scheme in the United States adopted after the American Revolution?
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How large is a section in the township-and-range system?
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Where is the township and range system prevalent in the United States?
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Where is the lay-lot survey system prevalent?
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What kind of land system was used in French-America (New Orleans)?
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What is the most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas?
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What form of villages are reminders of a turbulent past?
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How did the Spanish invaders of Middle America lay out villages and towns?
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According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, the UK has what kind of climate?
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Do New York and Lima have the same or different climates according to Köppen-Geiger classification?
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Do Paris and Moscow have the same or different climates according to Köppen-Geiger classification?
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Do Cairo and Riyadh have the same or different climates according to Köppen-Geiger classification?
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List where Mediterranean agriculture is found.
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Examples of luxury crops include what?
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In villages, how is social stratification reflected?
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The functional differentiation of buildings in farm villages worldwide is greatest in what cultures?
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Poorer countries producing what are at the mercy of purchasing countries that set the prices?
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What source contributes to 25% of world sugar production outside of the tropical plantation region?
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Much of the cotton purchased by the United Kingdom, Western Europe, and Japan is grown in which country?
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Rubber trees are indigenous to what area?
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Colonial powers transplanted rubber trees from its indigenous area to what other tropical area?
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Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today, 70% of production is in which regions?
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Fair trade coffee buyers certify that what percentage of the retail price goes to the coffee growers?
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What agricultural activity is widespread in both the northeastern U.S. and northwestern Europe?
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What regions that have fairly small areas of wheat production still have major export trade?
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What country is the world's leading exporter of rice?
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Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is largely done by what kind of farmers?
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Which kind of agriculture refers to a particular kind of climate and what kind of crops are grown in this climate?
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Southern Florida has what type of climate?
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In recent years, many wooded areas outside of the U.S. have been deforested to provide beef for hamburgers for fast-food chains in the U.S. Where are these regions located?
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The expansion of crop production for export in Latin America has increasingly marginalized which group of farmers?
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Cattle ranching in North and South America shows a Thunian pattern lying in the peripheral areas with consumption in what?
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Even after the end of colonialism, many plantations in the world are still owned by what peoples?
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Study Notes
Biodiesel and Agriculture
- Bio-diesel fuel production is enhanced by bio-genetic engineering, particularly in arid regions of the Plains States.
- Organic food constitutes approximately 2% of total food production in the United States.
Regions of Organic Food
- Organic food is primarily found in core, semi-periphery, and periphery regions.
- Core regions show the greatest demand for organic foods.
Organic Production Statistics
- In the 2007 US Census of Agriculture, Rhode Island and Delaware reported no certified organic agricultural acreage.
Economic Activities
- Primary economic activities involve directly extracting natural resources from the environment, including hunting, gathering, herding, fishing, mining, and forestry.
- Guatemala's agricultural sector produces 13% of GDP and employs 50% of the labor force.
Agricultural Practices and Domestication
- Specialized food activities of Pacific Coast hunter-gatherers included salmon fishing.
- Early plant domestication likely started with the cultivation of root crops, as suggested by Carl Sauer.
- The Fertile Crescent is identified as a key area for seed cultivation during the First Agricultural Revolution.
Agricultural Hearths
- Meso-American plants include tomato, corn, and squash; Southeast Asian hearth encompasses taro, yams, and bananas; Southwest Asian centers focus on wheat and barley; and East African hearth covers coffee and millet.
Domestication History
- Cattle were domesticated in South Asia, emerging as culturally significant animals.
- A total of 14 out of 148 large herbivore species have been domesticated over the past 4,500 years.
Shifting Cultivation and Subsistence Farming
- Shifting cultivation practices, a type of tropical subsistence agriculture, involve rotating fields after short crop production periods.
- Milpa agriculture relies on clearing fields through slash-and-burn techniques, enhancing soil fertility through ash.
Social Impacts of Agriculture
- Modern subsistence farmers are pressured into growing cash crops for colonial powers, disrupting traditional farming practices.
- Destruction of subsistence farming communities often leads to wealth inequality and cultural decline.
Agricultural Revolutions
- The Second Agricultural Revolution occurred in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.
- Von Thunen's model describes the spatial organization of agriculture, with specific commodities located at varying distances from urban centers.
Migration of Ideas and Crops
- The IR36 rice variety emerged as the most widely grown crop due to its connections with the Green Revolution.
- The American philanthropic initiatives in the 1940s led to increased maize production in Mexico.
Land Division and Residential Patterns
- The township-and-range system segments land into 1-square mile sections, prevalent in the American Plains.
- Nucleated rural residential patterns dominate agricultural areas globally, while varied building functions indicate social stratification.
Climate and Agriculture
- The UK is classified under a humid temperate climate with no dry season and cool summers.
- Mediterranean agriculture thrives in regions like Southern California, Southern France, and South Africa's Cape.
Economic Vulnerability in Agriculture
- Poorer nations growing cash crops, like sugar, are at the mercy of fluctuating price demands set by wealthier countries.
- Much of the world's coffee production has shifted from its Ethiopian origins to Central and South America.
Global Trade Patterns
- The United States leads in rice exports, while dairy farming is prevalent in both northeastern U.S. and northwestern Europe.
- With no internal deforestation, the regions producing beef for U.S.-market hamburgers are primarily in Central and South America.
Ownership and Cultural Dynamics
- Many plantations continue to be owned by European or American individuals/corporations, perpetuating colonial legacies even after independence.
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Description
Explore the intersection of biodiesel production, organic food statistics, and economic activities in agriculture. This quiz dives into regional trends and the impact of genetic engineering on sustainable farming practices. Test your knowledge on agricultural practices and their implications for modern society.