IMS Service of Tires and Wheels
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Questions and Answers

What does the 'F-2D' code designate?

  • Industrial tread front tractor tire
  • Rice tread front tractor tire
  • Dual rib tread front tractor tire (correct)
  • Single rib tread front tractor tire

Which tire code indicates a rear wheel tractor tire with a regular tread?

  • R-1 (correct)
  • R-4
  • R-3
  • R-2

What does the 'I-3' code refer to?

  • Smooth tread implement tire
  • Plow tailwheel implement tire
  • Rib tread implement tire
  • Traction tread implement tire (correct)

If a tire code is 14.9-28, what does this indicate about the tire's design?

<p>It is a regular bias ply design tire (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to bias ply tires, how much can radial rear tractor tires increase traction, all else being equal?

<p>6 to 10 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a three-star (***) rating on a radial R-series traction tire indicate about inflation pressure?

<p>30 psi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'L' in the size code '11L-16SL' signify?

<p>Low section height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much more weight can a low section height implement tire typically carry compared to a standard tire of the same size?

<p>7 to 9 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'SL' designation on a tire indicate?

<p>The tire has a maximum load limit at speeds less than 25 MPH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should an inner tube be marked 'Radial'?

<p>When used in a radial ply tire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary safety concern when using mismatched tire and rim diameters?

<p>The tire will not seat properly and may explode. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of tire damage?

<p>Improper inflation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of overinflated tires?

<p>The center of the tread wears out prematurely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does underinflation cause in a tire?

<p>Premature cord failure due to excessive heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a properly inflated tire?

<p>It permits all of the tread to contact the ground without excess flex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with agricultural tires that are not marked as 'tubeless'?

<p>Assume they need inner tubes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of rubber tires and tracks over steel wheels and tracks?

<p>Smoother rides and faster transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tire is designed for use at speeds over 30 mph?

<p>Over-The-Road-Tires (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Off-The-Road tires in agricultural applications?

<p>To carry heavy loads and offer increased traction at lower speeds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature is NOT a part of a tire?

<p>Axle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bias ply' describe in tire construction?

<p>Ply cords running from one tire bead to the other at an angle with alternating directions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In bias ply tire construction, what is the significance of the alternating directions of the ply cords?

<p>It provides rigidity to both the sidewall and the tread. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Over-The-Road tires makes them unsuitable for off-road use involving rough terrain??

<p>They are designed to generate more heat at high speeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tire type generally requires a tougher construction to better absorb shocks from rocks and bumps?

<p>Off-The-Road tires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may result from continuous operation at reduced inflation pressures?

<p>Cord separation or flex breaks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should tires be checked and inflated when they are cold?

<p>Air expands when heated, increasing pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a tire becomes low during operation?

<p>Adjust to match other tires of the same size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely cause of sidewall breaks in tires?

<p>Low tire pressure for extended periods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tire gauge should be used for checking pressures in tires with liquid ballast?

<p>Liquid-type tire gauge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of using LP-gas tank vapors to inflate tires?

<p>Explosive reactions and tire explosions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to impact damage on tires?

<p>Driving over large rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can moisture and sun exposure affect tires during storage?

<p>They can deteriorate the rubber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if rear tractor tires are overinflated when roaded over hard surfaces?

<p>Prevention of excessive wear on traction bars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of steel tracks in agriculture and industrial tractors?

<p>They increase ground contact area to enhance traction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to tire and wheel damage?

<p>Excessive overinflation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of tracked vehicles operating on the road?

<p>They suffer from excessive track wear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial to ensure when mounting tires?

<p>Following proper mounting procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can rigid stubble from crops cause to tires?

<p>Faster tread wear or punctures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause tires to spin, leading to potential damage?

<p>Allowing tires to operate under heavy loads (A), Harsh braking techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What speeds are most steel track tractors designed for?

<p>Less than approximately 2 MPH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to torque lug bolts and frame bolts properly?

<p>To ensure safety and equipment reliability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of rubber tracks compared to steel tracks?

<p>Rubber tracks can handle higher speeds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of improper mounting techniques?

<p>Tire explosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue do rubber tracks help address on large implements?

<p>Severe soil compaction and flotation problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of operating tires with low pressure due to a puncture?

<p>Sidewall damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do continuous rubber tracks reinforced with steel cables promise to achieve?

<p>Increase traction while reducing soil compaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the initial purchase price of a dozer can be attributed to steel tracks and rollers?

<p>Up to 20 percent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which problem is becoming increasingly serious for agriculturalists regarding tractor operation?

<p>Maximizing traction and flotation while minimizing weight and soil compaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Over-The-Road-Tires

Pneumatic tires designed for road and highway use, offering faster flexing for high-speed use and generating more heat than off-the-road tires.

Off-The-Road-Tires

Pneumatic tires built for heavy loads and increased traction at lower speeds, designed to withstand shocks, cuts, and abrasions from rough terrain.

Tread

The outer layer of the tire that makes contact with the ground, providing traction and wear resistance.

Tread Depth

The depth of the tread pattern, indicating how much wear the tire can handle before needing replacement.

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Bead

The part of the tire that connects to the wheel rim, providing a secure fit and allowing air pressure to hold the tire in place.

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Body Plies

The layers of material within the tire that provide strength and support, made of cords running diagonally across the tire.

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Bias Ply

The original tire construction design where the cords run diagonally across the tire in opposite directions, providing rigidity to the sidewall and tread.

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Belted Bias Ply

A tire construction with added belts over the bias ply layers, providing increased strength and durability without losing flexibility.

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R-1 Tire

Rear tractor tires with a regular tread pattern, designed for general use in a variety of applications like plowing and hauling.

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R in Tire Code

Indicates a radial tire design, which offers improved traction and lower rolling resistance compared to bias ply tires.

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Star Rating System

A system used for radial rear tractor tires to indicate load carrying capacity. Higher star ratings indicate a stronger tire and greater load carrying capacity. Each star also corresponds to a specific inflation pressure.

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Absence of a Letter in Tire Code

This code represents a bias ply tire design, which is a traditional tire construction that utilizes diagonal layers of fabric.

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Section Width

The width of the tire from sidewall to sidewall. It's the first part of the size code.

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Rim Diameter

The diameter of the rim on which the tire is designed to be mounted. It comes after the hyphen in the size code.

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"L" in Implement Tire Code

This indicates a low section height tire, where the height is less than 75 percent of the section width. This allows for a heavier load carrying capacity.

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Low Section Height Implement Tire

A tire design with a lower section height than standard implement tires. It provides an increased load capacity.

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What does "SL" mean on a tire?

Tires marked "SL" have a maximum load limit that applies only at speeds less than 25 mph.

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What are the markings for tube-type and tubeless tires?

Tires that need inner tubes are marked "TT" or "tube-type". Tires that don't need tubes are marked "TL" or "tubeless".

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What type of inner tubes should be used with radial tires?

For radial tires, use only inner tubes designed specifically for radial tires. These tubes are designed to flex with the tire's sidewalls.

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Why is it important to use the recommended tire and rim sizes?

Always use the recommended tire and rim sizes for your vehicle. Mismatched sizes can cause serious damage and injury.

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What are the problems caused by overinflating tires?

Overinflating tires can lead to tread wear in the center, reduced flexing, and increased susceptibility to impact damage.

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What are the problems caused by underinflating tires?

Underinflating tires causes excessive sidewall wear, high heat build-up, and premature cord failure.

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What is the biggest cause of tire damage?

The single largest cause of tire damage is improper inflation.

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What are the benefits of properly inflated tires?

Properly inflated tires provide optimal performance and wear, while also maximizing gas mileage.

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Underinflation Risk

Continuously driving with tires underinflated can lead to tire damage, such as cord separation or flex breaks in the sidewalls.

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Underinflation vs. Traction

Even though underinflated tires may provide better traction in some soil conditions, the risk of tire damage outweighs the potential benefits.

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Cold Tire Inflation

Always check and inflate tires when they are cold to get an accurate pressure reading.

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Adjusting Pressure on Hot Tires

Do not attempt to adjust tire pressure when the tires are warm or hot, as the pressure reading will be inaccurate.

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Adjusting Pressure During Use

If a tire loses pressure during operation, adjust it to match the pressure of the other tires of the same size.

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Checking Tire Pressure

Use a tire gauge regularly to check tire pressure, especially on radial tires where visual inspection can be misleading.

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Checking Pressure with Liquid Ballast

When checking tire pressure on tires with liquid ballast, use a liquid-type tire gauge and position the valve stem at the lowest point for accurate reading.

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Inflating Tires with LP Gas

Never use LP-gas vapors to inflate tires due to the high risk of explosion caused by the flammable vapors.

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Storing Tires

Tires should be jacked up, lowered in pressure, protected from sun and moisture when not in use. Excess grease, oil, or petroleum products can soften and deteriorate tires.

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Sidewall Breaks

Driving with low tire pressure for extended periods can cause sidewall breaks, especially when overloaded.

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Impact Damage

Impact damage to tires or bent rims occur when driving over obstacles like rocks, stumps, or pot holes.

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Punctures and Sidewall Damage

Punctures from nails, glass, or sharp objects can cause sidewall damage if not addressed promptly.

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Tire Mounting and Dismounting

Different tire types and rims require specific procedures for safe mounting and dismounting.

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Tire Explosion

Improper mounting techniques or overinflation can lead to tire explosions.

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Torquing Lug Bolts

Regularly checking and tightening lug bolts, frame bolts, and wheel clamps is crucial for safety, especially with heavier machinery.

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Increased Torque Requirements

Increased horsepower, weight, and speed of agricultural equipment requires larger and stronger lug bolts, clamps, and metal wheels, needing higher torque for proper tightening.

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Why are steel tracks used in agriculture?

Steel tracks offer better traction in muddy, rocky, or loose soil conditions compared to wheels. They provide a larger contact area with the ground, enabling them to grip better on uneven surfaces.

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What is the limitation of steel tracks?

Steel tracks are well-suited for low-speed operations in rough terrains, but they wear out quickly when used at higher speeds on paved surfaces.

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What are the advantages of rubber tracks over steel tracks in agriculture?

Rubber tracks provide better traction than steel tracks while minimizing soil compaction. They offer a larger contact area with the ground, distributing weight more evenly.

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How are rubber tracks used beyond tractors?

Rubber tracks can be used on various agricultural implements like combines and grain carts, reducing soil compaction and improving flotation.

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How does the speed capability of rubber tracks differ from steel tracks?

Rubber tracks are designed to withstand higher speeds than steel tracks, making them suitable for moving between fields. They have a longer lifespan and require less maintenance.

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What is the key benefit of rubber tracks for soil conservation?

The use of rubber tracks helps to minimize soil compaction, which is crucial for soil health and crop yield.

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What is the challenge facing agriculturalists and soil conservationists?

As agricultural machines become larger and heavier, maximizing traction while minimizing soil compaction becomes more challenging.

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How are rubber tracks designed for increased traction and durability?

Continuous rubber tracks are reinforced with steel cables, providing strength and durability while offering a larger contact area with the ground, which enhances traction.

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Study Notes

Agricultural Tires and Wheels

  • Modern agricultural vehicles rely heavily on rubber tires and tracks. This contrasts with earlier use of steel wheels and tracks.
  • Rubber tires and tracks offer advantages in smoother rides, faster transport, and more economical field operations due to less weight and compaction.
  • Farmers need various tire types to meet their specific operations.
  • There are two main types of pneumatic tires: over-the-road and off-the-road.
    • Over-the-road tires are designed for highway use at speeds over 30 mph. They flex quickly for high speed and generate considerable heat.
    • Off-the-road tires are for use at lower speeds. They handle heavy loads and provide increased traction on uneven surfaces. They need to be more resistant to shocks and abrasions.
  • Tire construction types include bias ply, belted bias ply, and radial ply.
    • Bias ply tires have ply cords running at an angle between the tire beads, providing rigidity. They are simple and dependable but have less mileage performance.
    • Belted bias ply tires add belts under the tread for increased sidewall and tread strength, improved mileage and traction, and greater resistance to impacts.
    • Radial ply tires feature body plies with cords running at right angles between beads and belts under the tread, increasing stability. They offer advantages in fuel efficiency, quick steering response, greater impact resistance, and longer life.
  • Tire size and type codes are standardized.
    • P stands for passenger vehicles; LT stands for light trucks, and are commonly used in agricultural settings.
    • The numbers in the code represent the tire's section width (mm) and rim diameter (inches).
    • Tire codes indicate load-carrying capacity, traction, and/or temperature ratings. These specifications are usually printed on the tire's sidewall.
  • Proper tire inflation is critical for performance, durability, and safety.
    • Overinflation leads to uneven wear and a lack of contact with the ground resulting in damage.
    • Underinflation leads to rapid wear, heat buildup, and eventual cord failure.
    • Correct inflation balances contact, comfort, and durability for the specific use.
  • Tire inflation and maintenance procedures should always be carried out according to an equipment manual. Ignoring these guidelines could lead to damage or injury.

Mounting and Dismounting Tires

  • Specialized tools and procedures are necessary for proper mounting and dismounting tires.
  • Improper mounting can cause tire explosion or damage to the equipment.
  • Operators should consult manuals for detailed procedures.

Torque and Lug Bolts

  • Ensuring proper torque on lug bolts, frame bolts, and wheel clamps is also vital for safety and optimal operation.
  • Using appropriate tools and torque specifications in equipment manuals is critical for the safety of the operator and long-term durability of the equipment.
  • Improper torque of these components may lead to premature failure or accidents.

Tire Tread and Traction Patterns

  • The design and arrangement of lugs on treads directly affect traction, stability, load carrying capacity, and how well tires function.
  • Factors such as soil type and moisture content will also affect the efficiency of traction patterns.
  • Tire use in specific conditions such as heavy-duty use or use in certain terrains may necessitate adjustments in choices of tyres.

Ballasting

  • Ballasting (adding weight) can significantly improve traction and stability, but it also increases the stress on the tires and other related components such as the suspension.
  • The amount of ballast added must be appropriate for the specific use and terrain.

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Agricultural Mechanics: Service of Tires & Wheels (PDF)

Description

This quiz delves into the essential features and types of agricultural tires and wheels, focusing on the advancements from steel to rubber. It discusses the benefits of different tire constructions like bias ply and radial ply, as well as the distinctions between over-the-road and off-the-road tires. Gain insights into how these components affect farming efficiency and vehicle performance.

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