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Questions and Answers
When did the concept of agroecology start to appear in scientific literature?
When did the concept of agroecology start to appear in scientific literature?
- 1980s
- 1950s
- 1970s
- 1920s (correct)
What is the main focus of agroecology as a social movement?
What is the main focus of agroecology as a social movement?
- Transforming food systems to sustainability (correct)
- Promoting environmental preservation
- Achieving social fairness
- All of the above
What is the recommended approach to integrating the elements of agroecology?
What is the recommended approach to integrating the elements of agroecology?
- Trans-disciplinary, participatory, and action-oriented approach (correct)
- Multi-disciplinary and theoretical approach
- Inter-disciplinary and action-oriented approach
- Mono-disciplinary and practical approach
What is the study of within the crop field in agroecology?
What is the study of within the crop field in agroecology?
When did agroecology begin to be expressed in family farmers' practices and grassroots social movements?
When did agroecology begin to be expressed in family farmers' practices and grassroots social movements?
What was the timeframe of World War II, according to the passage?
What was the timeframe of World War II, according to the passage?
What three elements does agroecology integrate?
What three elements does agroecology integrate?
Who published a relevant work on agroecology in 1998?
Who published a relevant work on agroecology in 1998?
What is a characteristic of mature ecosystems?
What is a characteristic of mature ecosystems?
What happens to ecosystem stability when periodic disturbances occur?
What happens to ecosystem stability when periodic disturbances occur?
What is a consequence of the reduction of natural structural and functional diversity?
What is a consequence of the reduction of natural structural and functional diversity?
What is a characteristic of populations of crop plants or animals in agroecosystems?
What is a characteristic of populations of crop plants or animals in agroecosystems?
What is a consequence of the simplification of agroecosystems?
What is a consequence of the simplification of agroecosystems?
What is necessary to maintain agroecosystems?
What is necessary to maintain agroecosystems?
What is the main goal of agroecology in terms of food production?
What is the main goal of agroecology in terms of food production?
What is a key characteristic of agroecological systems?
What is a key characteristic of agroecological systems?
What is the relationship between agroecology and biodiversity?
What is the relationship between agroecology and biodiversity?
What is the primary focus of agroecology?
What is the primary focus of agroecology?
What is the outcome of agroecological systems in terms of resource use?
What is the outcome of agroecological systems in terms of resource use?
What is the impact of agroecology on local communities?
What is the impact of agroecology on local communities?
What is the key benefit of agroecology in terms of the environment?
What is the key benefit of agroecology in terms of the environment?
What is the underlying principle of agroecology?
What is the underlying principle of agroecology?
What is the direction of energy flow in a food web?
What is the direction of energy flow in a food web?
What is the term for organisms that are at the highest trophic level in a food web?
What is the term for organisms that are at the highest trophic level in a food web?
What makes up the non-living portions of the soil?
What makes up the non-living portions of the soil?
What is the term for the complex living system in the soil and its interactions with the environment, plants, and animals?
What is the term for the complex living system in the soil and its interactions with the environment, plants, and animals?
What is the primary source of energy for green plants?
What is the primary source of energy for green plants?
What is the primary factor affecting the dynamics of organisms in an ecosystem?
What is the primary factor affecting the dynamics of organisms in an ecosystem?
What is the term for organisms that make soil healthy and support healthy plants?
What is the term for organisms that make soil healthy and support healthy plants?
What is the ultimate source of food for humans and other animals?
What is the ultimate source of food for humans and other animals?
What is the primary difference between natural ecosystems and agroecosystems?
What is the primary difference between natural ecosystems and agroecosystems?
What is a key feature of agroecosystems that enhances productivity?
What is a key feature of agroecosystems that enhances productivity?
What is the primary purpose of studying agroecosystems?
What is the primary purpose of studying agroecosystems?
What is typically available in a supermarket about the food?
What is typically available in a supermarket about the food?
What is a characteristic of natural ecosystems that is not typically found in agroecosystems?
What is a characteristic of natural ecosystems that is not typically found in agroecosystems?
What is the term for the movement of energy from one organism to another in an agroecosystem?
What is the term for the movement of energy from one organism to another in an agroecosystem?
What is the term for the graphical representation of energy flow in an agroecosystem?
What is the term for the graphical representation of energy flow in an agroecosystem?
What is the study of the relationships between agroecosystems, farms, crops, and farmers?
What is the study of the relationships between agroecosystems, farms, crops, and farmers?
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Study Notes
Agroecosystems vs. Natural Ecosystems
- Agroecosystems have human control, whereas natural ecosystems do not
- Net productivity is higher in agroecosystems due to auxiliary energy sources
- Species diversity is lower in agroecosystems due to the loss of niche diversity and reduced trophic interactions
- Trophic interactions are more complex in natural ecosystems
- Habitat heterogeneity is lower in agroecosystems
- Nutrient cycles are more controlled in agroecosystems
- Stability and resilience are lower in agroecosystems due to the reduction of natural structural and functional diversity
- Temporal permanence is lower in agroecosystems
Characteristics of Agroecosystems
- Include auxiliary sources of energy like human, animal, and fuel energy to enhance productivity
- Have been identified in scientific literature since the 1920s
- Have been expressed in family farmers' practices, grassroots social movements, and public policies
Agroecology
- Is a science, practice, and social movement focused on transforming food systems to sustainability
- Integrates ecological and social concepts and principles to design and manage food and agricultural systems
- Seeks to optimize interactions between plants, animals, humans, and the environment
- Aims to ensure social fairness, economic stability, and biodiversity
Agroecology's Role in Sustainability
- Offers a unique approach to meeting food needs while ensuring environmental sustainability and social fairness
- Can help mitigate climate instability and ensure food security
- Is an integrated approach that applies ecological and social concepts to agricultural systems
Food Webs and Energy Flow in Agroecosystems
- Food webs describe the complex interactions between organisms in an ecosystem
- Energy flow is unidirectional and non-cyclic, while nutrient flows are cyclic
- Agricultural practices affect the spatial patterns and dynamics of soil decomposition and nutrient availability
- Green plants capture solar energy and convert it into chemical energy for use by the biological system
Soil Food Web
- Soil is comprised of both non-living and living parts
- Soil biota range from micro-organisms to megafauna
- Soil organisms can be beneficial or harmful to soil health and plant growth
- Soil food web describes the complex interactions between soil organisms and their environment
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