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Questions and Answers
What are the three forms of agricultural and food marketing enterprises?
What are the three forms of agricultural and food marketing enterprises?
Private companies, marketing boards, and co-operatives.
List two advantages of private enterprises in agricultural marketing.
List two advantages of private enterprises in agricultural marketing.
Higher financial independence and rapid adaptability to changing circumstances.
What is one key strength of private enterprises outlined in the material?
What is one key strength of private enterprises outlined in the material?
Low operating costs.
How do marketing boards aim to improve the marketing process?
How do marketing boards aim to improve the marketing process?
What key factor is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a marketing board?
What key factor is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a marketing board?
What is usually the reaction for establishing a marketing board?
What is usually the reaction for establishing a marketing board?
How do marketing boards typically determine purchasing prices?
How do marketing boards typically determine purchasing prices?
What is one implication of marketing boards setting fixed prices?
What is one implication of marketing boards setting fixed prices?
What are the primary aims of marketing boards in agriculture?
What are the primary aims of marketing boards in agriculture?
What is an agricultural cooperative?
What is an agricultural cooperative?
What are the three motivations for forming agricultural cooperatives?
What are the three motivations for forming agricultural cooperatives?
What are the two principal forms of cooperative organization?
What are the two principal forms of cooperative organization?
How do cooperatives contribute to rural development?
How do cooperatives contribute to rural development?
Identify a common weakness of cooperatives in Zambia.
Identify a common weakness of cooperatives in Zambia.
What role do cooperatives play in the economic activity of individuals in agriculture?
What role do cooperatives play in the economic activity of individuals in agriculture?
What historical context do agricultural cooperatives have?
What historical context do agricultural cooperatives have?
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Study Notes
Agricultural and Food Marketing Enterprises Overview
- Three forms of agricultural enterprises are: private companies, marketing boards, and cooperatives.
Private Enterprises
- More financially independent from the government than public enterprises
- Can quickly adapt to changing circumstances and opportunities
Strengths of Private Enterprises
- Low operating costs
- High levels of equipment utilization
- High adaptability
- Personal initiative
- Rapid decision-making
- Independence of spirit and persistence
- A willingness to work hard
- Relevant experience and expertise
Marketing Boards
- Government agency or statutory organization that intervenes in the marketing process.
- Aims to promote efficient and orderly marketing.
- Focus on storable products.
Effectiveness of Marketing Boards
- Measured by the contribution to orderly and efficient marketing, reduction in manipulation of margins for producers and consumers, and generation of producer-oriented monopoly power
Buying Operations of Marketing Boards
- Boards typically purchase at fixed prices set by the government
- The price is kept constant for 6 months
- Purchasing occurs at official buying points with storage facilities
Political Objectives of Marketing Boards
- Promote agricultural and rural development
- Control urban wages by restricting the price of staple food
- Encourage farmers to grow and export more food and crops by increasing producer prices
- Consolidate political power through board appointments
Cooperatives in Agriculture and Food Sector
- Agricultural cooperatives, also known as farmers' co-ops, pool farmer resources
Motivation for Cooperatives
- Protection against exploitation by strong economic forces
- Self-improvement by using resources effectively
- Securing the best return from economic activities
Structure and Organization of Cooperatives
- Two main forms: primary and secondary
- Suitable for rural economies in developing countries
- Provide mechanisms for organizing and mobilizing communities
Weaknesses of Cooperatives in Zambia
- Low performance standards
- Bad management
- Financial failure
- Corruption and misuse of funds
- Political manipulation of cooperatives
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