Agricultural Machinery and Engine Basics

The power developed inside the engine cylinder before any losses due to mechanical friction, etc.

The power available at the crankshaft, after accounting for mechanical losses.

The ratio of the engine's stroke length (L) to its bore diameter (D)

The ratio of the total volume of the cylinder (swept volume + clearance volume) to the clearance volume.

The volume swept by the piston during one stroke.

The ability of a fuel to vaporize at a given temperature. Determines how well the fuel operates in an engine.

The amount of energy released when a fuel is burned completely. Measured in units like joules or calories.

A measure of how easily a fuel ignites under compression. Important for diesel engines.

A type of fuel used in internal combustion engines. Known for its high octane rating and volatility.

Another fuel for internal combustion engines, similar to diesel but with a higher volatility.

A high-viscosity fuel with good ignition quality. Used in heavy-duty diesel engines.

A low-viscosity diesel fuel with a lower ignition point.

A measure of a fuel's resistance to knocking or premature detonation. A higher octane rating indicates better resistance to knocking.

A measure of a fuel's resistance to knocking or premature detonation, especially in gasoline engines.

A measure of a fuel's ignition delay, indicating how quickly it ignites after injection, especially in diesel engines.

A violent, uncontrolled explosion in the engine cylinder after the piston has reached Top Dead Center (TDC), leading to a loss of power and potential engine damage.

The premature ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber before the piston reaches Top Dead Center (TDC), often caused by excessive heat in the cylinder.

The property of a fuel to vaporize easily and produce vapor for combustion at low temperatures.

The process of a liquid fuel changing into a gas, which is essential for combustion in engines.

The distance between the central and outer electrode of a spark plug. It determines how easily a spark can jump the gap.

A device that distributes high voltage electricity to each spark plug in the correct order and timing.

A sealed component that transforms low voltage to very high voltage, needed for the spark plug.

The ability of a spark plug to resist overheating, determined by the length of its insulator.

A spark plug with a shorter insulator, dissipating heat quickly. Used for petrol engines.

A spark plug with a longer insulator, retaining heat for longer. Used for diesel engines.

The pressure inside an engine cylinder when the piston is at the top of its stroke. It affects spark plug gap setting.

The component of a spark plug that can be adjusted to change the gap between the electrodes.

A mechanical device that processes oil to remove contaminants, ensuring clean lubrication for engine parts.

This type of filter directs all the engine oil through it for cleaning before it reaches the engine, providing optimal lubrication.

This filter takes a small portion of oil from the pump, cleans it, and returns it to the sump, ensuring gradual cleaning of the entire oil supply.

A system that connects the crankcase to the outside atmosphere, allowing air to escape and prevent pressure buildup, protecting the engine.

This valve controls the amount of oil circulating within the engine, maintaining optimal pressure for lubrication.

A self-propelled vehicle designed to operate agricultural implements and tools, powered by an engine and providing traction through wheels or tracks.

The shaft that connects a tractor's engine to implements and machines, transferring power for operation.

A pulley driven by the tractor's engine, used to power stationary machinery or implements via a belt.

The part of the plough bottom to which the share, mould board and landside are attached rigidly. It is an irregular piece of metal casting and considered the heart of the plough bottom. Typically made of cast iron or steel.

The lower rear part of the landside, it rubs against the furrow sole. It is essential for guiding the plough and providing a smooth furrow wall.

A device used to cut the furrow slice vertically from the land ahead of the plough bottom. It helps remove trash from the path of the plough.

A type of coulter that is a round steel disc. This type of coulter is used on ploughs to cut trash and prevent the plough from becoming clogged.

A stationary knife fixed downward in a vertical position on the ground. It slides on the ground and is used to cut trash and create a clean furrow wall. It comes in different shapes and sizes.

A small irregular piece of metal resembling a miniature plough, used to cut a small furrow off the main furrow slice and throw it towards the furrow. It's set close to the coulter and helps create a smooth furrow.

An auxiliary wheel used on an implement to help maintain consistent depth of ploughing in different soil conditions. It is usually placed in a hanging position.

The clearance between the share and landside at the point where they join. It is important for proper penetration and efficient work of the mouldboard plough. Types of suction include vertical and horizontal suction.