Agricultural Implements: Cultivators and Harrows
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Questions and Answers

What initiated the revision of the Philippine Standard Administrative Order (SAO) 397:1980?

  • An internal initiative by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC)
  • A funding project by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) (correct)
  • A review by the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE)
  • A public hearing organized by the National Agriculture and Fisheries Council (NAFC)

What organization was responsible for reviewing the revised standard?

  • Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
  • Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE)
  • Technical Committee for Study 1- Development of Standards for Agricultural Production Machinery (correct)
  • National Agriculture and Fisheries Council (NAFC)

What was the purpose of modifying tillage terminologies as mentioned in the text?

  • To make it more complex and difficult to understand
  • To align with the format of International Standard (correct)
  • To simplify terminology without any specific purpose
  • To comply with local government regulations

How were comments and reactions from stakeholders incorporated into the finalization of the standard?

<p>Through a public hearing organized by the National Agriculture and Fisheries Council (NAFC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tillage action' refer to?

<p>The action of a tillage tool in executing a specific form of soil manipulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a 'deep tillage' operation?

<p>To manipulate soil deeply beyond 300 mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the shallow tillage operation performed to promote crop growth?

<p>Soil cultivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'land forming tillage' involve?

<p>Moving soil to create desired configurations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of 'oriented tillage'?

<p>It is oriented in specific paths or directions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Primary tillage' primarily aims to:

<p>Reduce soil strength and cover plant materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Minimum tillage' involves:

<p>Performing the least amount of soil manipulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Mulch tillage' is characterized by:

<p>Leaving plant residue specifically on or near the soil surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by soil compaction?

<p>The act of reducing the specific volume of soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of soil aggregates?

<p>Agglomerations of primary soil particles produced by natural processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during soil sliding?

<p>Sliding of soil across a surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of back furrow?

<p>A raised ridge left at the center of the strip during plowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by shear blocks?

<p>Blocks of soil sheared loose from the main soil mass by tillage tool action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mechanical impedance related to in soils?

<p>Resistance to deformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'furrow crown' refer to?

<p>Peak of the turned furrow slice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'dead furrow'?

<p>'Open trench left between adjacent strips of land after plowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Covering depth' refers to:

<p>'Depth to which materials are covered by an implement' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'root bed' consist of?

<p>Soil layer modified by tillage or amendments for plant roots use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'foreign materials' in terms of soils?

<p>All materials added to or mixed into soil not originating from its development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bed shaper soil-handling implement?

<p>To form uniform ridges of soil to predetermined shapes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a spike-tooth harrow and a spring-tooth harrow?

<p>The shape of the teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a draft force do in relation to an implement?

<p>Is equal and opposite to drawbar pull (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lister-planter?

<p>To allow for a single listing-seeding operation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is primarily used for attaching a tillage tool to a beam or standard?

<p>Shank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a soil roller?

<p>To pulverize, firm, or smooth soil by crushing or compacting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are gangs of shanks often suspended?

<p>On parallel linkages with depth-controlling wheels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the effective operating width of an implement?

<p>Width excluding overlap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a soil opener tillage tool?

<p>To slice through soil and create openings for material insertion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of wings attached to tillage tools?

<p>To increase the volume of disturbed soil or control soil movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a lateral tool spacing measure?

<p>The horizontal distance between corresponding reference points on adjacent tools when projected on a vertical plane parallel to travel direction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a soil-sliding path length measure?

<p>The path along tillage tool upon which soil slides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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