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Questions and Answers
What are the two types of agranulocytes based on structure?
What are the two types of agranulocytes based on structure?
What is the size comparison of leukocytes?
What is the size comparison of leukocytes?
Monocytes are the largest leukocytes, while lymphocytes are the smallest.
All monocyte-derived cells are antigen-presenting cells.
All monocyte-derived cells are antigen-presenting cells.
True
What do monocytes transform into when they reach connective tissues?
What do monocytes transform into when they reach connective tissues?
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What type of immunity do T cells and B cells primarily represent?
What type of immunity do T cells and B cells primarily represent?
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Lymphopoiesis is the process by which ________ are formed.
Lymphopoiesis is the process by which ________ are formed.
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Which lymphocytes differ in size based on their activity?
Which lymphocytes differ in size based on their activity?
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What distinguishes the cytoplasm of monocytes?
What distinguishes the cytoplasm of monocytes?
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Match the following cell types with their functions:
Match the following cell types with their functions:
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Study Notes
Agranulocytes
- Single non-lobulated nucleus
- Granules in cytoplasm are too small to see
- Two types based on structure, not lineage: Lymphocytes and Monocytes
Monocytes
- Largest leukocytes
- Bluish cytoplasm and a large C-shaped nucleus
- Highly motile and phagocytic
- Travel through bloodstream to reach connective tissues, where they transform into macrophages (large phagocytic cells)
- Precursor cells of macrophages, osteoclasts, microglia, and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system in connective tissue
- All monocyte-derived cells are antigen-presenting cells
- Monocytes and macrophages are the same cells at different stages of maturation
Mononuclear Phagocytic System
- Includes: Microglia (CNS), Kupffer Cells (Liver), Macrophages (Bone marrow, Connective tissue, Dust cells [Lung]), Dendritic cells (Lymph node, Spleen), Osteoclasts (Bone resorption), Langerhans cells (Epidermis)
- All cells have phagocytic activity
Lymphocytes
- Smallest leukocytes
- Round nucleus occupies most of cell volume
- Cytoplasm is light clear blue
- Increased numbers are commonly seen in viral infections
- Lymphocytes vary in life span according to their specific function, some live for a few days and some live for many years
Lymphocyte Types
- T cells: Directly kill foreign or infected cells, activate phagocytes to destroy microbes (cell mediated immunity)
- B cells: Differentiate into plasma cells, secrete antibodies that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction by phagocytic cells (humoral immunity, long term immunity)
Lymphopoiesis
- The process by which lymphocytes are formed
- Precursor cells in bone marrow
- T Lymphocytes: Travel to the Thymus and then directly into blood
- B Lymphocytes: Remain in bone marrow
- Natural killer lymphocytes: Direct lineage from bone marrow
Morphological Classification of Lymphocytes
- The amount of cytoplasm depends upon the state of activity of the lymphocyte
- In circulating blood, there are mostly small, inactive lymphocytes
- Large lymphocytes (9-18 µm) are active lymphocytes
- Small lymphocytes (6-9 µm) are inactive lymphocytes
- Different cell types express specific cell surface proteins (including CD4 or 8)
Immunohistochemistry
- Direct method
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Description
This quiz explores the characteristics and functions of agranulocytes, with a focus on monocytes and lymphocytes. Understand the roles of monocytes in the mononuclear phagocytic system and how they transform into macrophages. Delve into the specific types of agranulocytes and their significance in the immune system.
