Untitled Quiz

Supports the body, shapes it, maintains calcium/phosphate balance, enables mobility, protects organs, and stores energy.

Red and yellow bone marrow create blood cells.

Commonly happens in ankles, knees, or wrists due to twisting injuries during sports or physical activity.

Symptoms include swelling, bruising, limited movement, and a possible popping sound.

Sudden, forceful movements, often in back or hamstrings, lead to strains.

Pain, tenderness, muscle spasms, and swelling or bruising, and difficulty moving the affected area are common.

A condition that weakens bones, increasing risk of fractures.

Poor nutrition can impact skeletal health through multiple pathways.

A type of hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.

A perception of sound in the absence of an external source.

A condition characterized by fluid buildup in the inner ear.

Devices that amplify sound, providing support to people with hearing loss.

Hearing loss due to problems with the middle ear's ability to transmit sound vibrations.

A systematic evaluation of potential dangers or risks faced by an individual.

Excessive fluid in the inner ear, potentially contributing to hearing loss or tinnitus.

A surgical procedure to relieve pressure or fluid build up in a body part.

An immune response triggered by exposure to an allergen, leading to symptoms like fluid leakage, vasodilation, and inflammation. Common triggers include foods, medication, insect bites/stings.

A retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, leading to a weakened immune response and vulnerability to opportunistic infections.

The final stage of HIV infection characterized by severe immune suppression, making the body susceptible to life-threatening infections.

Individuals with higher risk of HIV infection include males who have sexual contact with males, female sex workers, and people who inject drugs.

HIV can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

The initial stage of HIV infection marked by flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash.

The prolonged stage of HIV infection where symptoms may be mild or absent, but the virus continues to replicate and weaken the immune system.

Infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system, often occurring in individuals with advanced HIV or AIDS.

A condition where blood sugar levels drop too low, often caused by too much insulin or not enough food intake.

Steps taken to quickly raise blood sugar levels during a hypoglycemic episode.

If the person experiencing hypoglycemia is aware of their surroundings and can follow instructions, administer fast-acting carbohydrates like juice or candy.

If the person is unresponsive or can't swallow, administer glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar.

The anterior pituitary gland releases TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4, essential hormones for metabolism.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing hypothyroidism, including age, gender, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism which can be subtle and include fatigue, constipation, weight gain, and menstrual changes.

Testing of thyroid hormones, specifically TSH and T4, is essential for diagnosing hypothyroidism.

A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.

A condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.

Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, depression, and slowed heart rate.

Symptoms include weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, tremors, rapid heartbeat, and heat intolerance.

Risk factors include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and prior radiation treatment to the neck.

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

The hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

The hypothalamus releases TRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH, causing the thyroid to secrete more thyroid hormone.

SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting various organs. It involves the body's immune system attacking its own tissues. Symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, and rashes.

SLE features include the production of autoantibodies against DNA, platelets, and red blood cells. These autoantibodies form immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage.

SLE manifests as inflammation and necrosis, leading to vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels). This can affect many organs, impairing blood supply to tissues.

SLE is unique because it is often diagnosed through serum antibody tests. Unlike other inflammatory conditions, it's not just about organ involvement but also the presence of specific antibodies.

Diagnosing SLE involves blood tests to detect specific autoantibodies, along with a thorough medical history and physical examination by a rheumatologist.

SLE is often managed with medications like prednisone (a glucocorticoid) to control inflammation and prevent organ damage. Other drugs like antimalarials and immunosuppressants may be used as well.

SLE can impact several organs, including the skin causing ‘butterfly rash’ and sores in the mouth. The nervous system can experience cognitive dysfunction, mood changes, seizures, and psychosis. Blood disorders like anemia, low white blood cells, and low platelets can also occur.

Sensitization describes the process where the immune system becomes abnormally reactive to self-antigens. This is crucial because it leads to the formation of autoantibodies, a hallmark of SLE.