Aging Population and Health Issues
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Which of the following is NOT considered a common chronic disease in the elderly?

  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Flu (correct)
  • Arthritis
  • Diabetes

    • All chronic diseases require ongoing medical attention.

    True

    Name two activities of daily living (ADLs) that elderly individuals may struggle with.

    Eating, bathing

    Chronic diseases often lead to limitations in ____, ____, and self-care.

    <p>mobility, communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL)?

    <p>Managing money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chronic diseases with their effects:

    <p>Arthritis = Joint pain and stiffness Stroke = Potential loss of mobility Dementia = Memory loss and cognitive decline Diabetes = Blood sugar management issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can chronic diseases in the elderly lead to regarding activities of daily living?

    <p>Loss of ability to perform ADLs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following services is NOT typically included in programs like PACE?

    <p>Housing assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PACE is designed to improve care coordination for individuals living in nursing homes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What network is committed to supporting older Americans in living independently?

    <p>The Aging Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Programs like PACE aim to provide care for ______ eligible enrollees.

    <p>dual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components related to aging care with their descriptions:

    <p>Administration on Aging (AOA) = Federal agency overseeing aging programs Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) = Local organizations delivering services Title VI Native American aging programs = Programs focused on Native American elderlies Senior centers = Community focal points for elderly services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what year is the population aged 65 and older projected to outnumber children under 18?

    <p>2034</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The percentage of those aged 65 and older is expected to grow at a faster rate after 2030.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic change is contributing to the overall aging of the population?

    <p>increasing life expectancy and decreasing fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2060, nearly one in four Americans will be at least ___ years old.

    <p>65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the population is growing the fastest among the elderly?

    <p>Old-old (85 and older)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the demographic trends with their respective future statistics:

    <p>By 2030 = Care coordination needed for Medicare beneficiaries By 2034 = Older population outnumbers children under 18 By 2060 = One in four Americans will be aged 65 or older By 2050 = 53% nonwhite elderly population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first baby boomers turned 65 years old in 2011.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of health conditions will Medicare beneficiaries predominantly require in the future?

    <p>chronic and acute health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 2014, the elderly population was ___ nonwhite.

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of those age 85 and older had at least one type of disability according to the 2016 survey?

    <p>69%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alzheimer’s disease is the least common cause of dementia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary payer for long-term services and supports (LTSS)?

    <p>Medicaid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medicare is primarily focused on the treatment of patients with ______ illnesses.

    <p>acute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of Medicare parts with their descriptions:

    <p>Part A = Hospital insurance Part B = Medical insurance Part C = Medicare Advantage plans Part D = Prescription drug coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as debilitating among older adults?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medicaid pays for prescription drugs as part of its benefits.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary components addressed under the Medicaid spousal impoverishment provisions?

    <p>Protection of resources and support for the spouse in the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dementia affects memory, language, and ______ skills.

    <p>problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population under the age of 65 had a disability according to the 2016 survey?

    <p>9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following services might nonmedical care facilities provide?

    <p>Housekeeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Home health agencies provide only nursing care and no other therapy services.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of care is hospice designed to provide?

    <p>Palliative care for managing symptoms associated with dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adult day care can serve as a less costly alternative to a __________ facility.

    <p>residential care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of care with their descriptions:

    <p>Residential care communities = Provides room and meals, assistance with ADLs Home health agencies = Part-time nursing and therapy care at home Hospice care = Palliative care for those at the end of life Adult day care = Supplemental care for individuals during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about transportation provided by nonmedical care facilities is accurate?

    <p>They may provide transportation for shopping or doctor visits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bereavement counseling is a service included in hospice care.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of therapies may home health agencies provide?

    <p>Physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hospice care offers __________ support for patients and their families.

    <p>emotional, psychological, and spiritual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adult day care facility primarily used for?

    <p>Respite for caregivers or as an alternative to residential care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aging, Health, and Long-Term Care

    • The population aged 65 and older will significantly increase by 2030.
    • More services will be needed for treating chronic and acute health conditions, and disabilities.
    • Medicare beneficiaries with multiple chronic conditions, especially frail elders with functional/cognitive impairments, need care coordination.
    • Baby boomers turning 65 in 2011 led to a substantial increase in older adults.
    • By 2034, older adults are projected to outnumber children under 18.
    • By 2060, nearly one in four Americans will be at least 65 years of age.
    • Overall aging of the population is due to increased life expectancy and decreasing fertility.
    • The "old-old" (85 and older) population segment has been the fastest-growing segment in recent years.
    • The percentage of those aged 65+ is projected to grow more slowly after 2030.
    • In 2050, the non-white population is projected to be 53% compared to 21% in 2014.

    Common Health Problems in an Aging Population

    • Chronic diseases last a year or longer and require ongoing medical attention, limiting daily living activities.
    • Common chronic diseases in the elderly include arthritis, stroke, diabetes, chronic lower respiratory diseases, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
    • Individuals with chronic diseases may have pre-existing health problems such as alcoholism, substance abuse, mental illness, or developmental disabilities.

    Basic and Complex Activities of Daily Living

    • Loss of functional ability with aging, including limitations in vision, hearing, mobility, communication, cognition, and self-care.
    • Loss of ability to perform complex tasks, organizational skills, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
    • Managing money, shopping, preparing meals, and taking medications are examples of IADLs.
    • Basic activities of daily living (ADLs) include skills needed to care for oneself, such as eating, bathing, dressing, personal hygiene, and mobility.
    • Chronic disease and loss of ability to complete ADLs/IADLs lead to the need for long-term care services and support.
    • In 2016, a survey showed that 69% of those aged 85+ had at least one disability, compared to 9% of those under 65.
    • Stroke and dementia are the most debilitating conditions; Alzheimer's is the leading cause of dementia.
    • Dementia is a decline in cognitive function affecting memory, language, and problem-solving skills.

    Medicare for Older Adults

    • Medicare benefits primarily apply to treatment of patients with acute illnesses requiring hospitalization and short-term skilled nursing care.
    • Medicare covers rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, and home healthcare.
    • Medicare is divided into four parts: Parts A, B, C, and D.
    • Deductibles and copayments are part of the program.

    Medicaid for Older Adults

    • Medicaid covers a broad range of services not covered by Medicare.
    • Medicaid acts as supplemental insurance for the elderly and disabled.
    • Medicaid pays Medicare premiums and covers prescription drugs.
    • The Medicaid program is the primary payer for long-term services and supports (LTSS).
    • Medicaid spousal impoverishment provisions protect resources for community-living spouses.

    Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS)

    • Long-term health care is needed when individuals of any age are unable to perform basic ADLs due to physical or mental impairment.
    • Preadmission Screening and Resident Review (PASRR) is a process for evaluating those needing long-term care services.
    • Supports include intermediate care facilities for people with intellectual disability (ICF/ID).
    • LTSS also includes inpatient psychiatric services for individuals under 21, and services for older adults in institutions for mental illness, including Nursing facilities (NF) and skilled nursing facilities (SNF).

    Community Long-Term Care Services

    • These services are privately funded and regulated by federal and/or state governments, in addition to standards for nursing homes.
    • Examples of these services include: Adult day care, Residential care communities, Home health agencies, and Hospice.

    National Study of Long-Term Care Providers

    • The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) conducted a 2016 study on long-term care services in the U.S.
    • The study found that there are 65,000 providers serving 8.3 million people annually.

    Long-Term Care Providers in the United States, 2016

    • The table shows a breakdown of long-term care providers in the US in 2016.

    Nonmedical Care Facilities

    • Residential care and assisted-living facilities support individuals with basic living needs.
    • Services may include meals, housekeeping, medication management, or assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) as needed, including transportation.
    • They may be part of retirement communities, nursing homes, senior housing, or stand-alone facilities.

    Home Health Agencies

    • Provide part-time nursing and/or medical care in patients' homes.
    • Services may include physical, speech, occupational therapy, or social services, as well as medical supplies (e.g., wheelchairs, walkers).

    Hospice

    • Hospice care manages pain, symptoms, and provides emotional, psychological, and spiritual support for patients and families in the final stages of life.
    • Services may include medications, medical supplies, and equipment.

    Adult Day Care Services

    • Provides supplementation for home care, or alternatives to residential care facilities.
    • Supplemented supervision for individuals with cognitive decline, like dementia, or assistance with ADLs.
    • Includes therapeutic treatment, social/recreational activities, meals, and some medical services, including transportation.

    Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

    • Programs encourage states to provide a comprehensive array of Medicare and Medicaid benefits through a single delivery system for dual eligible enrollees.
    • This improves care coordination and administrative efficiency.
    • PACE provides preventive, primary, acute, and long-term care for older individuals with chronic care needs.

    The Aging Network

    • This is a system of federal, state, and local entities supporting older adults.
    • The network includes the U.S. Administration on Aging (AOA), state aging units, Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs), Title VI Native American aging programs, and senior centers.
    • Senior centers deliver about 60% of services.
    • Measures of disease and disability differ significantly by race and ethnicity in the U.S.
    • The percentage of Caucasians is expected to decrease while other racial groups will increase.
    • Health professionals/organizations must achieve cultural competence to serve all population groups effectively.

    Health Literacy

    • Limited health literacy affects individuals across ages, races, incomes, and educational levels.
    • Impacts are more significant in lower socioeconomic and minority populations.
    • Those with low English proficiency and older adults are highly affected.
    • Health literacy encompasses understanding medical instructions, appointment schedules, and complex healthcare systems.
    • Limited health literacy is also associated with worse health outcomes.

    Personnel Needs

    • Healthcare practitioners routinely serve older adults in the future.
    • These individuals are crucial to the care process.
    • Health professionals need training and education in geriatrics, broader understanding of health problems including ethnicity, race, and economic groups, including recent immigrants.
    • Future health education and interprofessional education (IPE) is critical.
    • Training for health professionals needs to address health literacy to help older individuals manage their well-being.

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    Aging, Health, and Long-Term Care Chapter 4 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the significant changes and challenges related to the aging population, particularly those aged 65 and older. It covers statistics and projections regarding healthcare needs, coordination of care for chronic conditions, and demographic shifts in the U.S. by 2060. Test your knowledge on the health concerns affecting older adults.

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