Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which system is responsible for wrinkling, sagging skin, and loss of elasticity?
Which system is responsible for wrinkling, sagging skin, and loss of elasticity?
- Nervous system
- Musculoskeletal system
- Integumentary system (correct)
- Cardiovascular system
Which system is responsible for loss of flexibility, arthritis, and decreased muscle mass?
Which system is responsible for loss of flexibility, arthritis, and decreased muscle mass?
- Cardiovascular system
- Nervous system
- Musculoskeletal system (correct)
- Integumentary system
Which system is responsible for slower nerve conduction, slower reaction time, and slower learning?
Which system is responsible for slower nerve conduction, slower reaction time, and slower learning?
- Nervous system (correct)
- Cardiovascular system
- Integumentary system
- Musculoskeletal system
Which system is responsible for changes in visual acuity, cataracts, and glaucoma?
Which system is responsible for changes in visual acuity, cataracts, and glaucoma?
Which system is responsible for increased risk of fractures and loss of bone density?
Which system is responsible for increased risk of fractures and loss of bone density?
Which system is responsible for thick and hardened heart valves, causing inadequate pumping of blood?
Which system is responsible for thick and hardened heart valves, causing inadequate pumping of blood?
Which system is responsible for diminished sense of smell, loss of appetite, and poor nutrition?
Which system is responsible for diminished sense of smell, loss of appetite, and poor nutrition?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
What is the main function of fiber in the body?
What is the main function of fiber in the body?
Which nutrient is responsible for repairing tissues and helping with fluid balance in the body?
Which nutrient is responsible for repairing tissues and helping with fluid balance in the body?
What is the main reason for a reduction in fluid intake as we age?
What is the main reason for a reduction in fluid intake as we age?
What is the recommended position for a patient with dysphagia during meals?
What is the recommended position for a patient with dysphagia during meals?
What is the primary cause of constipation in older adults?
What is the primary cause of constipation in older adults?
What is the goal in managing constipation in older adults?
What is the goal in managing constipation in older adults?
Which system experiences changes in the upper airway and decreased elasticity in the trachea?
Which system experiences changes in the upper airway and decreased elasticity in the trachea?
What is the main cause of ineffective pumping of the heart and enlargement of the ventricles?
What is the main cause of ineffective pumping of the heart and enlargement of the ventricles?
Which system experiences decreased taste sensation and decreased saliva production?
Which system experiences decreased taste sensation and decreased saliva production?
What is Presbyesophagus?
What is Presbyesophagus?
Which system experiences hypertrophy of the bladder and urinary frequency?
Which system experiences hypertrophy of the bladder and urinary frequency?
What is the main effect of decreased blood flow to the kidneys?
What is the main effect of decreased blood flow to the kidneys?
What is the main cause of reduced elasticity of blood vessels and issues with regulating blood pressure?
What is the main cause of reduced elasticity of blood vessels and issues with regulating blood pressure?
Which of the following is a potential sign of malnutrition?
Which of the following is a potential sign of malnutrition?
What can cause "goose bumps" on the skin?
What can cause "goose bumps" on the skin?
Which nutrient deficiency is associated with red scaly skin, especially around the mouth, eyes, and nose?
Which nutrient deficiency is associated with red scaly skin, especially around the mouth, eyes, and nose?
What can cause fungal infections on the skin?
What can cause fungal infections on the skin?
What can dryness of the oral cavity indicate?
What can dryness of the oral cavity indicate?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and weakness?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and weakness?
Which condition can be a result of impaired swallowing?
Which condition can be a result of impaired swallowing?
What can bone and joint pain indicate?
What can bone and joint pain indicate?
What can dyspnea refer to?
What can dyspnea refer to?
Which system experiences a decrease in egg production and estrogen production as part of the normal aging process?
Which system experiences a decrease in egg production and estrogen production as part of the normal aging process?
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the main function of fiber in the body?
What is the main function of fiber in the body?
What do vitamins do in the body?
What do vitamins do in the body?
What is the main cause of reduced thirst sensation as we age?
What is the main cause of reduced thirst sensation as we age?
What is the main goal in managing dysphagia during meals?
What is the main goal in managing dysphagia during meals?
What is the primary cause of constipation in older adults?
What is the primary cause of constipation in older adults?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
What is the main cause of reduced elasticity of blood vessels and issues with regulating blood pressure?
What is the main cause of reduced elasticity of blood vessels and issues with regulating blood pressure?
Which system experiences hypertrophy of the bladder and urinary frequency?
Which system experiences hypertrophy of the bladder and urinary frequency?
What can bone and joint pain indicate?
What can bone and joint pain indicate?
What is the main cause of ineffective pumping of the heart and enlargement of the ventricles?
What is the main cause of ineffective pumping of the heart and enlargement of the ventricles?
Which system experiences changes in the upper airway and decreased elasticity in the trachea?
Which system experiences changes in the upper airway and decreased elasticity in the trachea?
What is the main effect of decreased blood flow to the kidneys?
What is the main effect of decreased blood flow to the kidneys?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
What can cause bone and joint pain in older adults?
What can cause bone and joint pain in older adults?
What can dyspnea refer to?
What can dyspnea refer to?
Which system experiences increased risk of fractures and loss of bone density?
Which system experiences increased risk of fractures and loss of bone density?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and weakness?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to muscle cramps and weakness?
Which system is responsible for wrinkling, sagging skin, and loss of elasticity?
Which system is responsible for wrinkling, sagging skin, and loss of elasticity?
What is the main function of fiber in the body?
What is the main function of fiber in the body?
Which of the following is a potential sign of malnutrition?
Which of the following is a potential sign of malnutrition?
What can dryness of the oral cavity indicate?
What can dryness of the oral cavity indicate?
What can cause 'goose bumps' on the skin?
What can cause 'goose bumps' on the skin?
What can cause fungal infections on the skin?
What can cause fungal infections on the skin?
Which nutrient is responsible for repairing tissues and helping with fluid balance in the body?
Which nutrient is responsible for repairing tissues and helping with fluid balance in the body?
What is the recommended position for a patient with dysphagia during meals?
What is the recommended position for a patient with dysphagia during meals?
Which condition can be a result of impaired swallowing?
Which condition can be a result of impaired swallowing?
What is the main cause of ineffective pumping of the heart and enlargement of the ventricles?
What is the main cause of ineffective pumping of the heart and enlargement of the ventricles?
What is the main reason for a reduction in fluid intake as we age?
What is the main reason for a reduction in fluid intake as we age?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in enzyme activity as part of the normal aging process?
What is the main cause of reduced elasticity of blood vessels and issues with regulating blood pressure?
What is the main cause of reduced elasticity of blood vessels and issues with regulating blood pressure?
Which system experiences hypertrophy of the bladder and urinary frequency?
Which system experiences hypertrophy of the bladder and urinary frequency?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in muscle strength in the thorax, leading to reduced air exchange and increased risk of infections?
Which system in the body experiences a decrease in muscle strength in the thorax, leading to reduced air exchange and increased risk of infections?
What can be a potential cause of urinary retention in older adults?
What can be a potential cause of urinary retention in older adults?
What is the main effect of decreased absorption of vitamins and minerals in the esophagus?
What is the main effect of decreased absorption of vitamins and minerals in the esophagus?
What is the main cause of reduced thirst sensation as we age?
What is the main cause of reduced thirst sensation as we age?
What is the main reason for a reduction in fluid intake as we age?
What is the main reason for a reduction in fluid intake as we age?
What is the primary cause of constipation in older adults?
What is the primary cause of constipation in older adults?
Which of the following is a potential sign of malnutrition?
Which of the following is a potential sign of malnutrition?
What can cause bone and joint pain in older adults?
What can cause bone and joint pain in older adults?
What can dryness of the oral cavity indicate?
What can dryness of the oral cavity indicate?
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
Which condition can be a result of impaired swallowing?
Which condition can be a result of impaired swallowing?
What can cause fungal infections on the skin?
What can cause fungal infections on the skin?
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Study Notes
Effects of Aging on the Body and Health Promotion in Geriatrics
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Aging affects the integumentary system, resulting in wrinkling, sagging skin, loss of elasticity, dry and fragile skin, thicker nails, and increased risk for skin tears and pressure sores.
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The musculoskeletal system is affected by aging, leading to loss of flexibility, arthritis, decreased muscle mass, strength, and endurance, as well as stiff joints and an unsteady gait.
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Aging also affects the nervous system, causing loss of nerve cells, slow nerve conduction, slower reaction time, slower learning, slower perception of pain, reduced cerebral circulation, loss of balance, vertigo, and frequent falls.
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The cardiovascular system undergoes changes with aging, including thick and hardened heart valves, dilated aorta, weak myocardial muscle, and reduced elasticity of blood vessels, leading to inadequate pumping of blood, cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of fractures.
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Changes in the respiratory system include decreased elasticity in the upper airway, changes in the lower airway, reduced air exchange, increased retained secretions, and drier mucous membranes, resulting in an increased risk of infections.
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The gastrointestinal system is affected by aging, causing decreased taste sensation, decreased saliva production, difficulty swallowing and chewing, receding gums, decreased peristalsis, decreased activity, decreased sensory perception, and constipation.
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The urinary system undergoes changes such as hypertrophy of the bladder, urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary retention, and increased risk of urinary tract infections.
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Aging affects the endocrine system, resulting in decreased enzyme activity, menopause, glucose intolerance, slower metabolism, decreased egg and estrogen production, and poor perineal muscle tone.
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The immune system is diminished with aging, leading to decreased production and function of T cells and B cells, reduced resistance to infection, increased risk of autoimmune diseases, and diminished defenses in the body.
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Health promotion in geriatrics focuses on nutrition, including the study of nutrients and their utilization in the body, the importance of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and the need for adequate nutrition to defend against disease and maintain proper bodily functions.
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Adequate nutrition in aging individuals requires adjustments in calorie intake, consideration of decreased hunger and ability to absorb nutrients, attention to difficulty chewing and swallowing, and addressing threats to proper nutrition such as anorexia, intake and output issues, dysphagia, and constipation.
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Hydration is also crucial in geriatric health promotion, as aging individuals may experience a reduction in thirst sensation, fear of incontinence, lack of accessible fluids, confusion, dementia, and gastrointestinal distress, which can lead to threats to proper nutrition.Effects of Aging on the Body Systems
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Nutritional imbalance can be prevented by improving intake of foods and fluids, and decreasing intake of foods.
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Bowel movements should occur every 2 days to prevent nutritional imbalance due to diarrhea.
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Aspiration can be prevented to avoid complications associated with dysphagia, diarrhea, constipation, and choking.
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Understanding the importance of proper nutrition and hydration is crucial for maintaining overall health.
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Fluid intake should be increased to 2000ml/day.
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The integumentary system undergoes aging degeneration, resulting in wrinkling, sagging skin, loss of elasticity, dryness, and fragile skin.
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Thicker nails and increased risk for skin tears, bruising, and pressure sores are also common in aging individuals.
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Hair may become bald, thinning, and gray, and liver spots may appear on the skin.
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The musculoskeletal system experiences loss of flexibility and muscle mass, strength, and endurance due to atrophy and stiff joints.
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Osteoporosis can cause a diminished height known as kyphosis or "dowager's hump."
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Loss of bone density increases the risk of fractures, especially in weight-bearing areas.
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The nervous system undergoes a loss of nerve cells, resulting in slower nerve conduction, reaction time, learning, and perception of pain. This can lead to a reduced cerebral circulation, loss of balance, vertigo, and frequent falls. Circulatory problems and an increase in cardiovascular disease may also occur.
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Changes in visual acuity, such as cataracts and presbyopia, can affect the eyes. Glaucoma, characterized by increased intraocular pressure, can also occur.
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