Questions and Answers
Who was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa?
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Which organization was established to control trade between Europe and Asia in the 17th century?
Which explorer is known for successfully reaching India by sea, thus opening up the spice trade for Portugal?
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Which figure is often credited with starting the Age of Exploration through his sponsorship of voyages?
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Which term refers to the ruling class of feudal Japan, often holding significant power during the Tokugawa Shogunate?
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What was Zheng He's primary motive during his maritime expeditions in the early 15th century?
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During which dynasties did the Ming Dynasty rule over China?
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What form of Japanese drama is characterized by its stylized performances and elaborate make-up?
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Which event divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal in the late 15th century?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Exploration
- Prince Henry: Known as "Henry the Navigator," he was pivotal in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, promoting exploration along the African coast and establishing a school for navigation.
- Bartolomeu Dias: A Portuguese explorer who first reached the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) in 1488, opening the way for a sea route to India.
- Vasco da Gama: He successfully sailed from Portugal to India in 1498, establishing a direct trade route that significantly enhanced Portugal's influence in the spice trade.
Agreements and Trade Organizations
- Treaty of Tordesillas: Signed in 1494, this agreement between Spain and Portugal divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe along a meridian; it aimed to resolve disputes over newly explored territories.
- Dutch East India Company: Established in 1602, this was a powerful trading company that played a crucial role in the Dutch trade empire and was among the world's first multinational corporations.
Dynasties in China
- Ming Dynasty: Ruled China from 1368 to 1644, known for its trade expansion, cultural achievements, and construction of the Great Wall.
- Zheng He: A Chinese admiral and explorer during the Ming Dynasty who led extensive maritime expeditions to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, enhancing China's global presence.
- Qing Dynasty: The last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912, it expanded China’s territory and influenced trade relationships before falling to internal strife and foreign pressures.
Japanese Social Structure and Culture
- Daimyo: Feudal lords in Japan who ruled over large estates and were vassals to the shogun during the feudal period.
- Tokugawa Shogunate: The last shogunate in Japan (1603-1868) known for its strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, and the promotion of cultural developments.
Cultural Elements of Japan
- Haiku: A traditional form of Japanese poetry, consisting of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable structure, often focusing on nature and moments of beauty.
- Kabuki: A classical Japanese dance-drama known for its stylized performance, elaborate costumes, and use of music and vocal techniques, significant in Japanese cultural heritage.
Exploration and Maritime Influence
- Prince Henry, known as Henry the Navigator, significantly advanced Portuguese exploration, establishing a school of navigation and encouraging voyages along the African coast.
- Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1488, opening the sea route to India.
- Vasco da Gama successfully sailed to India by rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1498, establishing a maritime trade route that solidified Portugal's colonial dominance.
Treaty of Tordesillas
- The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, drawing a line through the Atlantic Ocean.
- This agreement aimed to resolve conflicts over newly discovered lands and facilitated the expansion of European empires.
Economic Influences
- The Dutch East India Company, established in 1602, was a powerful trading corporation that monopolized spice trade in Asia and influenced colonial enterprises.
- The company played a crucial role in establishing Dutch dominance in the maritime trade.
Chinese Dynasties and Exploration
- The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) is known for its cultural achievements and maritime expeditions, including those led by the explorer Zheng He, who sailed to Southeast Asia and beyond.
- The Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) succeeded the Ming and expanded China’s territory significantly, implementing isolationist policies toward foreign trade.
Japanese Feudal System
- Daimyo were powerful feudal lords in Japan during the medieval period, controlling land and samurai warriors, influencing the political landscape.
- The Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868) established a centralized feudal system, promoting stability and peace but also isolation from foreign influences.
Japanese Cultural Aspects
- Haiku is a traditional Japanese form of poetry characterized by its three lines with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5, expressing deep emotions and nature themes.
- Kabuki is a classical Japanese dance-drama known for its stylized performances, elaborate costumes, and vibrant makeup, originating in the early 17th century.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key figures and events of the Age of Exploration. This quiz covers explorers like Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama, as well as significant agreements like the Treaty of Tordesillas. Discover the impact of these explorers and the trade organizations that emerged during this transformative period.
