Age of Absolutism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which factor contributed to the consolidation of power during the Age of Absolutism?

  • Promotion of democratic ideals
  • Development of strong armies and bureaucracies (correct)
  • Strengthening of feudal systems
  • Decentralization of governance

What was one of Peter the Great's significant contributions to Russia?

  • Establishing democratic reforms
  • Initiating the Industrial Revolution
  • Ending serfdom
  • Westernizing Russia (correct)

What was an outcome of the Glorious Revolution in England?

  • The restoration of King Charles II
  • The execution of Oliver Cromwell
  • The establishment of a constitutional monarchy (correct)
  • Increased authority of the monarchy over Parliament

Which of the following best describes the era of Catherine the Great's rule?

<p>A heralding of a golden age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which timeframe did Peter the Great rule Russia?

<p>1682-1725 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Louis XIV's reign is accurate?

<p>He built the palace at Versailles and lived lavishly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of witchcraft hysteria during the Age of Absolutism?

<p>Persecution and killing of mostly older women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What broader change was happening in Europe during the time of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great?

<p>Transition into states (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Peter the Great's policies?

<p>Fostering agricultural self-sufficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Romanov Dynasty's rise to power in Russia?

<p>Expulsion of the Mongols and consolidation of power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of Philip II of Spain in religious conflicts during his reign?

<p>He established the Holy League to combat the expansion of the Omans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the War of the Three Henrys in France?

<p>It resulted in the ascension of Henry IV and the eventual Edict of Nantes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major outcome of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648)?

<p>It led to an increase in the power of France, Austria, and Hungary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Queen Elizabeth I of England influence religious conflicts in Europe?

<p>She ended religious conflicts and expanded Protestant influence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Thirty Years' War, which of the following best describes the nature of the conflict?

<p>It represented the struggle between Protestant and Catholic states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a central idea of humanism during the Renaissance?

<p>Valuing the individual and earthly life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of the printing press impact Renaissance society?

<p>It allowed for the rapid spread of literature and knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following artists is NOT considered a key figure of the Renaissance?

<p>Vincent van Gogh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Machiavelli's work, 'The Prince', primarily analyze?

<p>The ideal characteristics of a ruler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notion characterized the political changes during the Renaissance?

<p>Declining influence of monarchies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Christian humanism during the Renaissance combined which two aspects?

<p>Humanist philosophy and Christian beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable characteristic of Renaissance art?

<p>Use of realism, depth, and bright colors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which literary work is a prominent example of Renaissance literature?

<p>The Divine Comedy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated Martin Luther to post the 95 Theses?

<p>Criticism of indulgences and Church practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main consequences of the Diet of Worms?

<p>Luther was excommunicated from the Church (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Peace of Augsburg establish regarding religious choices?

<p>It allowed rulers to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue was NOT a contributing factor to the Protestant Reformation?

<p>Religious unification under one leader (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which belief became central to Protestant thinking as a result of the Reformation?

<p>Individual faith leads to personal salvation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common perception of the Church among people prior to the Reformation?

<p>It was viewed as corrupt and power-hungry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the Pope to Martin Luther's 95 Theses?

<p>He issued a papal bull condemning them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a significant change brought by the Protestant Reformation?

<p>Recognition of multiple interpretations of Christianity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What belief did Martin Luther hold regarding salvation?

<p>Salvation is predetermined by God before birth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes John Calvin's view on baptism?

<p>Only those who can consciously confess their faith should be baptized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of John Calvin's teachings?

<p>Addition of new church groups that embraced his beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Henry VIII's primary reason for reforming the Roman Catholic Church?

<p>To curtail the spread of Protestantism across Europe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Calvin's beliefs impact the authority of popes and bishops?

<p>They lost authority due to a shift towards personal interpretation of the Bible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant contributions of Henry VIII's reforms?

<p>He supported the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements most accurately represents Calvin's view on church traditions?

<p>Traditions often hold superstitious beliefs and should be avoided. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the concept of predestination play in Protestant Reformation beliefs?

<p>It emphasized God's absolute control over salvation and damnation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renaissance

A period in European history marked by a renewed interest in classical culture, art, and learning. It saw a shift from a focus on the afterlife to a focus on human potential and the individual.

Humanism

A philosophical movement that emphasized human potential, individual worth, and the study of ancient Greek and Roman texts.

Reformation

A movement that brought about religious changes, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and leading to the emergence of Protestantism.

Machiavelli

A key figure of the Renaissance, known for his political treatise "The Prince".

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Donatello

A renowned artist of the Renaissance, famous for his sculptures, particularly the statue of David.

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Leonardo da Vinci

A painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and scientist of the Renaissance known for works such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

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Raphael

An Italian Renaissance painter known for his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel and his Madonnas.

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Dante Alighieri

A poet and writer of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, famous for his work, the "Divine Comedy", an epic poem.

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Trade Blossomed

A period during which trade and commerce flourished in Europe.

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Divine Right of Kings

Kings had absolute power, ruling with no limitations and believing their authority came directly from God.

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Louis XIV

The French King Louis XIV, known for his lavish lifestyle and expansion of the Palace of Versailles, embodied absolute monarchy.

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Glorious Revolution (1689)

England's parliament gained more power than the monarchy during this period, leading to a change in political structure.

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Witchcraft Hysteria

This widespread panic led to the persecution and execution of many women, often accused of witchcraft with little evidence.

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War & Its Consequences

Widespread warfare during the Age of Absolutism led to significant loss of life and resources.

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Holy League

Phillip II of Spain formed a coalition of Catholic states to counter the Ottoman Empire's advance.

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Edict of Nantes

The Edict of Nantes, issued in 1598, granted religious freedom to Huguenots (French Protestants) within France, ending decades of religious wars.

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Thirty Years War

A long and brutal conflict in Europe (1618-1648) that pitted Protestant states against Catholic states, resulting in immense loss of life and widespread devastation.

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Elizabeth I's reign

Queen Elizabeth I of England, a Protestant monarch, ascended to the throne in 1558, putting an end to religious conflicts within England.

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Treaty of Westphalia

The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty Years' War and acknowledged the power of various European nations, like France, Austria, Hungary, and Prussia.

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Indulgences

The practice of buying forgiveness for sins from the Church, often through financial contributions. This was opposed by many as it went against biblical teachings.

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Corruption in the Church

Corruption and abuse of power by Church officials, leading to public resentment and contributing to the Reformation.

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Individual Salvation by Faith

The idea that it is faith alone, not good works or Church rituals, that leads to salvation.

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Martin Luther

Martin Luther was a German monk who challenged Church practices and sparked the Reformation. He argued against indulgences and believed the Bible was the ultimate authority.

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95 Theses

Luther's 95 Theses, posted on a church door, outlined his criticisms of Church practices. This document sparked a debate that led to the Reformation.

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Diet of Worms

A gathering where Luther was asked to renounce his writings, but refused, furthering the split between Protestants and Catholics.

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Peace of Augsburg

This treaty allowed rulers to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism in their territories, marking a turning point in the Reformation.

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Impact of the Reformation

Religious and political tensions between Protestants and Catholics shaped Europe's history. The Reformation challenged the Church's authority.

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Predestination

God predetermined who would be saved before they were born, and people couldn't change that.

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God's Sovereignty

Believing that God is the ultimate authority and in control of everything.

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Sola Scriptura

The idea that the Bible is the only source of religious truth and authority.

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Sola Gratia

The belief that salvation is achieved solely through God's grace, not through good works or rituals.

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Sola Fide

The idea that faith alone, without additional works or rituals, is necessary for salvation.

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Believer's Baptism

Refusing to baptize infants because they cannot consciously choose to believe in Christ.

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Rejection of Papal Authority

Moving away from the authority of the Pope and Catholic Church leadership.

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Rejection of Catholic Traditions

Practices and traditions are not necessary for salvation, and are often seen as superstitious.

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Peter the Great: Westernization of Russia

Peter the Great, a czar of Russia, implemented sweeping changes during his reign to modernize and modernize Russia. He aimed to bring Russia in line with Western European standards, introducing reforms in the military, education, technology, and social structures.

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Catherine the Great: Golden Age of Russia

Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, reigned during what is considered a golden age for Russia. Her reign witnessed significant economic development, cultural flourishing, and expansion of Russian territory.

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European States: From feudalism to nationhood

During the16th-18th centuries, European nations transitioned into modern states. This involved consolidating power in the hands of monarchs, building strong national identities, and developing centralized bureaucracies.

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Peter the Great's Reforms: Westernization

Peter the Great's reforms focused on aligning Russia with Western European standards. He aimed to modernize the military, improve education, introduce new technologies, and refine social structures.

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Catherine the Great's Legacy: Golden Age

Catherine the Great's reign was marked by significant cultural and intellectual growth, economic prosperity, and territorial expansion. She promoted arts, sciences, and literature, fostering a period of flourishing in Russia.

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