Afrikaans Word Order

• Afrikaans is generally classified as an SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) language, which means that in declarative sentences, the subject typically precedes the verb, and the verb precedes the object

Basiese Woordorde

• The most basic word order in Afrikaans is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO).
• For example: "Die man eet die appel." (The man eats the apple.) Where "die man" is the subject, "eet" is the verb, and "die appel" is the object.

Werkwoordplasing in Hoofsinne

• In main clauses (independent clauses), the verb (verbum) usually comes in the second position.
• If there is an auxiliary verb, it comes in the second position and the main verb at the end of the sentence.
• For example: "Ek het die boek gelees." (I have read the book.) Here "het" is the auxiliary verb and "gelees" is the main verb at the end.

Werkwoordplasing in Ondergeskikte Sinne

• In subordinate clauses, the verb comes at the end of the sentence.
• This applies to both singular verbs and compound verbs (auxiliary verb + main verb).
• For example: "Ek weet dat hy die brief geskryf het." (I know that he wrote the letter.) Here "geskryf het" is at the end of the subordinate clause.

Vrae (Questions)

• In questions, the word order is changed. The verb (or auxiliary verb) moves to the first position.
• For example: "Het jy die boek gelees?" (Have you read the book?)
• In questions with an interrogative word (wie, wat, waar, wanneer, hoekom, hoe), the interrogative word comes first, followed by the verb.
• For example: "Waar is die boek?" (Where is the book?)

Ontkenning (Negation)

• Afrikaans uses double negation, where the word "nie" appears twice in the sentence.
• The first "nie" directly follows the verb.
• The second "nie" usually comes at the end of the sentence, unless there is another determiner that precedes it.
• For example: "Ek het dit nie gedoen nie." (I did not do it.)
• If there is an auxiliary verb, the first "nie" follows the auxiliary verb.
• For example: "Ek sal dit nie doen nie." (I will not do it.)

Skeidingswerkwoorde (Separable Verbs)

• Afrikaans has separable verbs, where a prefix of the verb separates in certain sentence structures.
• In main clauses, the prefix separates and goes to the end of the sentence.
• For example: "Hy maak die deur oop." (He opens the door.) "Oop" is the prefix that is separated from "maak oop".
• In subordinate clauses, the separable verb stays together at the end of the sentence.
• For example: "Ek weet dat hy die deur oopmaak." (I know that he opens the door.)

Passiewe Konstruksies (Passive Constructions)

• Passive sentences are formed with the auxiliary verb "word" and the past participle of the main verb.
• The agent (the person or thing performing the action) can be indicated by a "deur" phrase.
• For example: "Die boek word deur die meisie gelees." (The book is read by the girl.)

Inversie

• In some cases, inversion may occur, where the subject and verb are reversed, often after an adverbial modifier of place or time at the beginning of the sentence.
• For example: "Daar staan 'n huis." (There stands a house.)

Byvoeglike Naamwoorde (Adjectives)

• Adjectives usually precedes the noun they modify.
• For example: "Die rooi huis." (The red house.)

Voornaamwoorde (Pronouns)

• Personal pronouns (ek, jy, hy, sy, dit, ons, julle, hulle) replace nouns.
• Possessive pronouns (my, jou, sy, haar, ons, julle, hulle s'n) indicate possession.
• Relative pronouns (wat, wie, wie se) connect subordinate clauses to main clauses.

Bywoorde (Adverbs)

• Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• They can occur in different positions in the sentence, depending on the meaning being emphasized.
• For example: "Hy loop vinnig." (He walks quickly.) Here "vinnig" modifies the verb "loop".

Modaliteit

• Modality is expressed by modal auxiliary verbs such as "kan", "sal", "moet", "mag", and "wil".
• These verbs indicate the speaker's attitude towards the possibility, necessity, or desirability of an action.
• For example: "Ek kan swem." (I can swim.)