Africville Community and Immigration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for the establishment of Africville?

  • To provide housing for displaced communities from Canada.
  • To create a tourist destination.
  • To serve as a refuge for black immigrants after the War of 1812. (correct)
  • To serve as a military base for British forces.

Which of the following actions by the city of Halifax directly affected Africville residents?

  • Constructing a new school in the community.
  • Building a community center for local events.
  • Offering employment opportunities to residents.
  • Relocating their sewage disposal pits to Africville. (correct)

What happened to the community of Africville between 1965 and 1970?

  • The community was bulldozed and residents were displaced. (correct)
  • It received renovation funding from the government.
  • It became a popular gathering place for protests.
  • It was declared a national heritage site.

What did the newspaper announcement about Africville reflect?

<p>A dismissive attitude towards the community's significance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of power did Africville residents lack against the city's actions?

<p>Social, political, and economic power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country had the highest number of immigrants to Canada in 2011?

<p>Philippines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1981, which country had more immigrants to Canada than Vietnam?

<p>United Kingdom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many immigrants from India arrived in Canada in 2011?

<p>26,988 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country appears both in the 2011 and 1981 lists of top countries of birth for immigrants to Canada?

<p>Haiti (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the total number of immigrants from the top country in 1981?

<p>18,915 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of constructing the stem in a meaningful way?

<p>To present a definite problem for the student to solve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided in the construction of response options?

<p>Using phrases like 'all of the above' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of distractors in multiple choice questions?

<p>They often represent common student misconceptions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should each option in a multiple choice question aim to be?

<p>Homogeneous in content when possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline is important when selecting the correct answer in a multiple choice question?

<p>It should be mentioned in the content being assessed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1947 introduce for married women?

<p>Married women could retain their Canadian citizenship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category accounted for the highest percentage of immigrants entering Canada in 2013?

<p>Economic Class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one requirement for family sponsorship for immigration introduced in the early 1960s?

<p>Applicants must be free from criminal records. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act of 2014 aim to improve?

<p>The speed of citizenship acquisition for qualified applicants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the majority of recent immigrants to Canada come from?

<p>Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the total number of responses from Canadians identifying as English in 2011?

<p>6,509,500 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic origin had the highest number of single responses in the 2011 data?

<p>Chinese (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population of Toronto is projected to be visible minorities by 2031?

<p>63% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group had the lowest number of total responses in the 2011 data?

<p>Polish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Canadians identified as Aboriginal in 2011?

<p>1,836,035 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of responses for those identifying as French in 2011?

<p>5,077,215 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group is expected to represent almost half of Canadians aged 15 and over by 2031?

<p>Foreign-born individuals or those with a foreign-born parent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic origin category had the highest number of multiple responses?

<p>English (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the home children expected to do in Canada?

<p>Work as indentured laborers or servants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements defined traditional Quebec society until about 1960?

<p>Patriarchal family roles and the Catholic Church's influence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurred during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s in Quebec?

<p>The state took over the definition of values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2011 census, how many different ethnic origins were recorded in Canada?

<p>200 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Quebec family's legal system differ from the rest of Canada?

<p>It predominantly uses civil law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the sexual revolution in Quebec society?

<p>A decline in family-focused values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Canadian population is expected to be foreign-born by 2031?

<p>25-28 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country contributed significantly to the immigrant diversity in Canada over the past century?

<p>Asia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary way that conflicts were resolved in Pacific Coast Indigenous societies?

<p>Using consensus among clan members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did clan membership influence marriages in First Nations societies?

<p>Marriages should be made outside the clan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group emerged as a result of the fur trade in the 18th century?

<p>Métis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the status in Plains buffalo-hunting societies?

<p>Status was earned through strength in fighting and hunting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 take regarding Aboriginal rights?

<p>It recognized Aboriginal rights to lands and resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the small migratory hunting groups like the Inuit?

<p>Their territories were defined by tradition and use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Métis culture is true?

<p>Métis language includes Michif, a blend of languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what time period did agreements between Indigenous peoples and European powers become increasingly coercive?

<p>Over the course of the 18th century (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Indian Act of 1876 regarding First Nations people?

<p>To promote a Eurocentric family model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the historical discrimination faced by Indigenous people in Canada?

<p>Lower rates of high school dropout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do extended family networks play in Indigenous communities?

<p>They are vital in raising and supporting members, especially those leaving reserves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have Indigenous families managed to survive despite historical attempts to dismantle their structures?

<p>By maintaining deep roots in traditional culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the situation of Indigenous people compared to Black individuals in the US?

<p>Indigenous people experience worse conditions compared to Black individuals in the US (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural practices are important for passing on customs and values in Indigenous families?

<p>Storytelling, weddings, funerals, and naming ceremonies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for voluntary groups that assist with traditional family functions in urban Indigenous communities?

<p>Families of the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is noted for possibly succeeding in providing better child and family services to Indigenous families than provincial agencies?

<p>Indigenous child and family services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated British immigrants to move to Canada between 1890 and 1914?

<p>Low wages and harsh working conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the points-based immigration system introduced in 1967?

<p>To reduce discrimination and assess immigrants based on qualifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals migrated to Canada for humanitarian reasons after the American draft during the Vietnam War?

<p>Vietnamese Boat People (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During periods of economic downturn, what was the attitude towards immigration in Canada?

<p>Immigration was discouraged to protect local jobs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immigrant group came to Canada from Russia due to military service persecution?

<p>Doukhobors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the Great Depression on immigration to Canada?

<p>Discouraged immigration due to economic hardships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of immigrants were refugees in Canada in 2014?

<p>10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After World War II, what type of program allowed companies to bring workers to Canada?

<p>Bulk-labour program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the head tax imposed on Chinese immigrants between 1885 and 1923?

<p>To disincentivize Chinese immigration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 have on the Chinese community in Canada?

<p>It severely restricted Chinese immigration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation effectively blocked Indian immigration to Canada in 1908?

<p>Continuous journey regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were Black immigrants facing challenges in Canada during the early 20th century?

<p>They could not obtain promised land and shelter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence for Japanese-Canadians during World War II?

<p>They were interned and lost property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups were specifically mentioned as being excluded from immigration policies due to cultural reasons?

<p>Groups deemed unsuited to Canada's climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to many Jews trying to flee Nazi Germany during the 1930s?

<p>They were turned away from Canada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a driving factor for immigration from the British Isles and the United States before 1900?

<p>Desire to retain a British character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

String

A sequence of characters, like words or sentences.

Boolean

A way to represent a value that can be either true or false.

Float

A data type that represents numbers with decimal points.

Integer

A data type that represents whole numbers.

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Variable

A symbol that represents a value.

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What was Africville?

Africville was a community in Halifax, Nova Scotia, founded by Black immigrants who had served in the British military during the War of 1812. They were promised freedom after the war, but faced discrimination and were relocated to a site that was later used as a dumping ground by the city.

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How did Halifax treat Africville?

The city of Halifax repeatedly used Africville as a dumping ground for unwanted waste, including sewage and infectious waste, despite the health risks it posed to residents.

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Did Africville residents have any power?

Africville residents had no political power to resist the city's actions and were unable to stop the land expropriation and use of their community as a dumping ground.

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What happened to Africville?

The community of Africville was demolished between 1965 and 1970, with residents being displaced from their homes with little notice.

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What is the significance of Africville?

The demolition of Africville highlights the historical injustice faced by Black communities in Canada, and their struggle for recognition and equality.

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What is the infographic about?

A comparison of the top 10 countries of birth of immigrants arriving in Canada in 2011 and 1981.

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What are some key changes in immigration patterns?

The Philippines and China saw a significant increase in immigration to Canada from 1981 to 2011, while countries like the United Kingdom saw a decline.

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Which countries were consistently in the top 10?

The United States, United Kingdom, and China were among the top 10 countries of origin for immigrants in both 1981 and 2011.

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Which countries had the biggest increase in immigration?

India and China were among the countries with a notable increase in immigration numbers from 1981 to 2011.

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Why is this data important?

Data about immigrant origins provides insights into population trends, economic factors, and cultural influences. This kind of data is important in shaping government policies and understanding societal changes.

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Immigration Group

A group of individuals with a similar cultural background who immigrated to Canada from a specific geographic area.

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Canadian Citizenship Act

The rules and regulations that govern how people can become Canadian citizens, including the requirements and processes involved.

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Family Class (Immigration)

Allows someone to bring family members to Canada, based on a relationship with a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.

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Economic Class (Immigration)

Grants citizenship to individuals who meet specific qualifications, such as skill level, education, or work experience.

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Refugee Class (Immigration)

Provides refuge to individuals fleeing persecution or danger in their home country.

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Total Responses

The total number of people who chose a specific ethnic origin, including those who selected multiple origins.

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Single Responses

The number of people who only chose a single ethnic origin.

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Multiple Responses

The number of people who selected multiple ethnic origins.

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Ethnic Origin

A group of people with a shared cultural heritage, often with similar language, traditions, or ancestry.

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Immigration

The process of people moving from one country to another to live permanently.

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Foreign-born

People who are born outside of Canada.

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Immigration Patterns

Factors influencing who can immigrate, their origin, and the number of immigrants.

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Visible Minority

A group of people who are visibly different from the majority of the population in a specific place (often based on race, ethnicity, or origin).

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Clan Lineage Rights

First Nations people held rights to specific lands for activities like farming, hunting, or fishing based on their clan lineages.

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Conflict Resolution: Consensus

Conflicts were resolved through discussions and agreement, not through force, in some First Nations cultures.

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Conflict Resolution: Potlatches

Pacific Coast societies used large feasts called potlatches to settle disputes and show status, not necessarily through fighting.

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Clan Marriages

Marriages were traditionally arranged outside the clan to maintain a healthy social structure.

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Migratory Hunter Groups

Small groups of closely related hunters and their families moved around in search of food. Their territories were defined by tradition and use.

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Status in Buffalo-Hunting Societies

Status in buffalo-hunting societies was gained through hunting and fighting skills, not through gifts or land ownership.

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Métis People

Métis people emerged from mixed Indigenous-European heritage, with their own language, culture, traditions, and sense of identity.

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Métis Recognition

The Métis people are recognized as one of the three Indigenous groups in Canada, alongside First Nations and Inuit.

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Civil law system

A system of laws based on Roman law, used in Quebec and other parts of the world.

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The Quiet Revolution

The period of major social and political change in Quebec from the 1960s that challenged traditional values and increased government influence.

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Seigneurial system

The historical system of land ownership in Quebec where land was granted by the government to individuals, called seigneurs, who in turn rented it to tenants.

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Home Children

A period in Canadian history (1869-1930) where thousands of orphaned and impoverished children from England were sent to Canada to work as laborers and servants.

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Visible minority growth among Canadian-born individuals

The increase in the number of people born in a country who are not of the majority ethnic group.

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Diminishing influence of the Roman Catholic Church

The gradual decline of the Roman Catholic Church's influence in Quebec society, starting around the 1960s.

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What is the Indian Act of 1876?

Passed in 1876, this law aimed to assimilate Indigenous people into European culture, focusing on a nuclear family model. It implemented residential schools to remove children from their families and their cultural traditions.

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What is the legacy of discrimination against Indigenous people in Canada?

Decades of discrimination have led to significant differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians, particularly in education, health, and income levels.

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What is the traditional structure of Indigenous families?

Indigenous families encompass a wider network than just parents and children, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. This extended family structure plays a vital role in raising and supporting members.

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How are traditions passed down in Indigenous families?

Indigenous communities pass down their traditions, values, and customs through storytelling, ceremonies, and communal gatherings.

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How have Indigenous families survived despite challenges?

Even though their traditional family structures were targeted, Indigenous families have managed to survive and thrive. They maintain deep roots in their culture, highlighting their resilience.

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What are 'families of the heart'?

In urban settings, voluntary groups of Indigenous people have emerged to support each other and maintain their traditions. These groups provide support similar to traditional extended families.

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How do Indigenous child and family services compare to provincial agencies?

Indigenous child and family services have a record of success in providing preventive care, protection, and foster care services, often exceeding the effectiveness of provincial agencies.

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What are the key takeaways about Indigenous families in Canada?

The historical impact of the Indian Act and the legacy of discrimination have significantly impacted Indigenous families, creating inequalities in health, education, and income. However, Indigenous families demonstrate immense resilience and continue to thrive.

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Early Immigration to Canada (1890-1914)

Early immigrants to Canada (1890-1914) faced low wages and harsh working conditions. Many were attracted by the availability of land in the West.

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Post-WWII Immigration

After WWII, Canada experienced economic growth and a need for workers. Many were brought in through 'bulk-labour' programs, supported by both employers and the government.

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Immigration during Recessions

During economic downturns, immigration was discouraged. Unions opposed cheap foreign labor, and companies were pressured to reduce foreign workers.

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Points-Based Immigration System

Introduced in 1967, this system aimed to reduce discrimination and select immigrants based on factors like skills and qualifications.

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Humanitarian Reasons for Immigration

Escape from persecution or conflict is a major factor in Canada's immigration history. This includes groups like fugitive slaves, Doukhobors, and Jewish war orphans.

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Refugees in Canada's History

Canada has accepted refugees for humanitarian reasons, including fugitive slaves, Doukhobors, and Vietnamese boat people.

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Canada's Refugee Acceptance Rate

Despite being viewed as a refugee leader, Canada's refugee acceptance rate is relatively low. In 2014, Canada ranked 41st globally in refugees per capita.

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Recent Changes to Immigration Policies

Recent changes to immigration policies have made it harder for people to apply for asylum in Canada. This has led to a decrease in the proportion of refugees among all immigrants.

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What was the Chinese Head Tax?

A policy implemented from 1885 to 1923 that levied a high tax on Chinese immigrants entering Canada. This made it very difficult and unaffordable for families to reunite.

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What was the 'Continuous Journey' Regulation?

A policy that required immigrants to travel directly from their country of origin to Canada without any breaks in their journey. This directly affected Indian immigration, as no direct steamship routes existed at the time.

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What was the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923?

The 1923 law that replaced the head tax and severely limited Chinese immigration until 1947. This policy had a significant impact on the growth of the Chinese community in Canada.

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What were 'married bachelors'?

Individuals, often of Chinese origin, who lived in Canada without their wives and families, due to restrictive immigration policies that made it difficult for families to reunite.

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What was the period of expanded immigration restrictions?

A period in the early 20th century where Canadian immigration regulations became increasingly restrictive. This period saw the exclusion of various groups based on factors like race, religion, and perceived cultural compatibility.

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How did Black Loyalist immigration to Canada unfold?

Black Loyalists who fled to Canada for freedom after the American Revolution faced hardships in realizing promises of cheap land and shelter, highlighting the unequal treatment they experienced.

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What happened to Japanese-Canadians during World War II?

Events during World War II that saw the forced internment of Japanese-Canadians on the West Coast. They lost their homes, property, and businesses, and experienced long-term hardship. This highlights the discriminatory treatment experienced by a vulnerable population.

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What was Canada's immigration policy towards Jewish refugees in the 1930s?

The policy, implemented in the 1930s, of denying entry to Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany. This demonstrates the harshness of Canada's immigration rules in a period of significant global crisis.

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Study Notes

Africville: A Community Displaced

  • Africville was established by Black immigrants who were formerly enslaved.
  • They relocated to Nova Scotia, seeking freedom.
  • The community faced significant discrimination from the start.
  • City services, such as sewage disposal, were deliberately placed to the disadvantage of Africville residents.
  • The community was strategically situated in a bad location.
  • The city council built an infectious disease hospital on a hill overlooking Africville.
  • The entire community was bulldozed between 1965 and 1970.
  • White citizens had a negative attitude towards the community.
  • Community residents lost their homes and were relocated to public housing.
  • The community was disregarded by the city and was seen as a dump.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the historical community of Africville and immigration patterns in Canada. This quiz covers significant events and demographics related to Africville from establishment to its challenges and the changes in immigration trends throughout the years. Delve into the impacts of city policies and the resilience of this unique community.

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