African Societies and Egyptian Civilization

The sun god, depicted with a human body, a hawk head, and a sun disk atop it.

The god of fertility, the Nile River, and the harvest, often symbolized by frogs.

The god of the sky, often represented with a hawk head.

The pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt, marking the beginning of the Old Kingdom.

The year that marks the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom.

The period of Egyptian history (c. 2686-2181 BC) known for its grand pyramids and strong centralized government.

The people who were employed to construct the pyramids, primarily skilled workers.

The oldest known pyramid in Egypt, built for the pharaoh Djoser.

The largest pyramid in Egypt, built for the pharaoh Khufu.

The primary purpose of the pyramids in ancient Egypt.

The African empire located south of Egypt, known for its gold resources, ironworking, and trade.

Describes the main strengths of the Kingdom of Kush.

The pharaoh who reunited Egypt after a period of instability, marking the beginning of the Middle Kingdom.

The key actions and achievements of New Kingdom pharaohs.

The first female pharaoh of Egypt, who led many trade expeditions despite being depicted as a male.

One of the most successful pharaohs of the New Kingdom, known for conquering territories in the Levant and Nubia.

The pharaoh who signed the first known peace treaty in history, ending a long conflict with the Hittites.

The early capital of the Old Kingdom, located in Lower Egypt.

The capital of the Middle and New Kingdoms, located in Upper Egypt.

The sacred, elaborate writing system used in ancient Egypt on temples, monuments, and tombs.

The simplified script used in ancient Egypt for daily purposes, like writing letters and records.

The kingdoms that conquered ancient Egypt throughout its history.

The lifeblood of ancient Egypt, providing fertile silt and predictable flooding for agriculture.

The source of the Nile River, located in East Africa.

The stone inscription that provided the key for deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.

The pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid of Giza.

The period of Egyptian history known for its pyramid construction and a strong centralized government.

The period of Egyptian history characterized by internal turmoil and eventual reunification, leading to the Middle Kingdom.

The era of Egyptian history marked by expansion, military prowess, and cultural prosperity.

Egypt and Nubia engaged in trade and cultural exchange.

Nubia had significant female rulers, unlike Egypt.

The vast desert that served as a natural defense for ancient Egypt.

The process of controlling water for agriculture by building canals and channels.

The divine ruler of ancient Egypt, with religious and political authority.

Places of worship central to Egyptian society, often decorated with elaborate carvings and paintings.

Egypt's cultural achievements greatly influenced its wealth and power.

The group of invaders who introduced the chariot to Egypt, causing a period of disruption.

The monotheistic religion introduced by the pharaoh Akhenaten, focusing on the worship of Aten, the sun disk.

The period of Egyptian ruled by the Kushite dynasty (25th Dynasty), marking a period of Nubian dominance.

The conflict that led to a period of instability in Egypt and ultimately its reunification with the Middle Kingdom.

The grand scale and impressive designs of ancient Egyptian structures, a defining trait of their civilization.